Meshing highly regular structures: The case of super carbon nanotubes of arbitrary order

Mesh generation is an important step inmany numerical methods.We present the “HierarchicalGraphMeshing” (HGM)method as a novel approach to mesh generation, based on algebraic graph theory.The HGM method can be used to systematically construct configurations exhibiting multiple hierarchies and complex symmetry characteristics. The hierarchical description of structures provided by the HGM method can be exploited to increase the efficiency of multiscale and multigrid methods. In this paper, the HGMmethod is employed for the systematic construction of super carbon nanotubes of arbitrary order, which present a pertinent example of structurally and geometrically complex, yet highly regular, structures. The HGMalgorithm is computationally efficient and exhibits good scaling characteristics. In particular, it scales linearly for super carbon nanotube structures and is working much faster than geometry-based methods employing neighborhood search algorithms. Its modular character makes it conducive to automatization. For the generation of a mesh, the information about the geometry of the structure in a given configuration is added in a way that relates geometric symmetries to structural symmetries. The intrinsically hierarchic description of the resulting mesh greatly reduces the effort of determining mesh hierarchies for multigrid and multiscale applications and helps to exploit symmetry-related methods in the mechanical analysis of complex structures.

A customizable multi-agent system for distributed data mining

We present a general Multi-Agent System framework for distributed data mining based on a Peer-to-Peer model. Agent protocols are implemented through message-based asynchronous communication. The framework adopts a dynamic load balancing policy that is particularly suitable for irregular search algorithms. A modular design allows a separation of the general-purpose system protocols and software components from the specific data mining algorithm. The experimental evaluation has been carried out on a parallel frequent subgraph mining algorithm, which has shown good scalability performances.

Identification of nonlinear systems using generalized kernel models

Nonlinear system identification is considered using a generalized kernel regression model. Unlike the standard kernel model, which employs a fixed common variance for all the kernel regressors, each kernel regressor in the generalized kernel model has an individually tuned diagonal covariance matrix that is determined by maximizing the correlation between the training data and the regressor using a repeated guided random search based on boosting optimization. An efficient construction algorithm based on orthogonal forward regression with leave-one-out (LOO) test statistic and local regularization (LR) is then used to select a parsimonious generalized kernel regression model from the resulting full regression matrix. The proposed modeling algorithm is fully automatic and the user is not required to specify any criterion to terminate the construction procedure. Experimental results involving two real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear system identification approach.

Otimização de superfícies seletivas de frequência com elementos pré-fractais utilizando rede neural MLP e algoritmos de busca populacional

This thesis describes design methodologies for frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) composed of periodic arrays of pre-fractals metallic patches on single-layer dielectrics (FR4, RT/duroid). Shapes presented by Sierpinski island and T fractal geometries are exploited to the simple design of efficient band-stop spatial filters with applications in the range of microwaves. Initial results are discussed in terms of the electromagnetic effect resulting from the variation of parameters such as, fractal iteration number (or fractal level), fractal iteration factor, and periodicity of FSS, depending on the used pre-fractal element (Sierpinski island or T fractal). The transmission properties of these proposed periodic arrays are investigated through simulations performed by Ansoft DesignerTM and Ansoft HFSSTM commercial softwares that run full-wave methods. To validate the employed methodology, FSS prototypes are selected for fabrication and measurement. The obtained results point to interesting features for FSS spatial filters: compactness, with high values of frequency compression factor; as well as stable frequency responses at oblique incidence of plane waves. This thesis also approaches, as it main focus, the application of an alternative electromagnetic (EM) optimization technique for analysis and synthesis of FSSs with fractal motifs. In application examples of this technique, Vicsek and Sierpinski pre-fractal elements are used in the optimal design of FSS structures. Based on computational intelligence tools, the proposed technique overcomes the high computational cost associated to the full-wave parametric analyzes. To this end, fast and accurate multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network models are developed using different parameters as design input variables. These neural network models aim to calculate the cost function in the iterations of population-based search algorithms. Continuous genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and bees algorithm (BA) are used for FSSs optimization with specific resonant frequency and bandwidth. The performance of these algorithms is compared in terms of computational cost and numerical convergence. Consistent results can be verified by the excellent agreement obtained between simulations and measurements related to FSS prototypes built with a given fractal iteration

Comparative studies on non-convex optimization methods for transmission network expansion planning

We have investigated and extensively tested three families of non-convex optimization approaches for solving the transmission network expansion planning problem: simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithms (GA), and tabu search algorithms (TS). The paper compares the main features of the three approaches and presents an integrated view of these methodologies. A hybrid approach is then proposed which presents performances which are far better than the ones obtained with any of these approaches individually. Results obtained in tests performed with large scale real-life networks are summarized.

Comparative studies on non-convex optimization methods for transmission network expansion planning

We have investigated and extensively tested three families of non-convex optimization approaches for solving the transmission network expansion planning problem: simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithms (GA), and tabu search algorithms (TS). The paper compares the main features of the three approaches and presents an integrated view of these methodologies. A hybrid approach is then proposed which presents performances which are far better than the ones obtained with any of these approaches individually. Results obtained in tests performed with large scale real-life networks are summarized.

Integrated planning of electric power distribution networks

In this work, a heuristic model for integrated planning of primary distribution network and secondary distribution circuits is proposed. A Tabu Search (TS) algorithm is employed to solve the planning of primary distribution networks. Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) are used to solve the planning model of secondary networks. The planning integration of both networks is carried out by means a constructive heuristic taking into account a set of integration alternatives between these networks. These integration alternatives are treated in a hierarchical way. The planning of primary networks and secondary distribution circuits is carried out based on assessment of the effects of the alternative solutions in the expansion costs of both networks simultaneously. In order to evaluate this methodology, tests were performed for a real-life distribution system taking into account the primary and secondary networks.

Optimal switch allocation for automatic load transfer in distribution substations

This work proposes a methodology for optimized allocation of switches for automatic load transfer in distribution systems in order to improve the reliability indexes by restoring such systems which present voltage classes of 23 to 35 kV and radial topology. The automatic switches must be allocated on the system in order to transfer load remotely among the sources at the substations. The problem of switch allocation is formulated as nonlinear constrained mixed integer programming model subject to a set of economical and physical constraints. A dedicated Tabu Search (TS) algorithm is proposed to solve this model. The proposed methodology is tested for a large real-life distribution system. © 2011 IEEE.

Estimativas da condutividade térmica dos minerais e rochas e influência de parâmetros térmicos e petrofísicos na resistividade aparente da formação

O presente estudo realiza estimativas da condutividade térmica dos principais minerais formadores de rochas, bem como estimativas da condutividade média da fase sólida de cinco litologias básicas (arenitos, calcários, dolomitos, anidritas e litologias argilosas). Alguns modelos térmicos foram comparados entre si, possibilitando a verificação daquele mais apropriado para representar o agregado de minerais e fluidos que compõem as rochas. Os resultados obtidos podem ser aplicados a modelamentos térmicos os mais variados. A metodologia empregada baseia-se em um algoritmo de regressão não-linear denominado de Busca Aleatória Controlada. O comportamento do algoritmo é avaliado para dados sintéticos antes de ser usado em dados reais. O modelo usado na regressão para obter a condutividade térmica dos minerais é o modelo geométrico médio. O método de regressão, usado em cada subconjunto litológico, forneceu os seguintes valores para a condutividade térmica média da fase sólida: arenitos 5,9 ± 1,33 W/mK, calcários 3.1 ± 0.12 W/mK, dolomitos 4.7 ± 0.56 W/mK, anidritas 6.3 ± 0.27 W/mK e para litologias argilosas 3.4 ± 0.48 W/mK. Na sequência, são fornecidas as bases para o estudo da difusão do calor em coordenadas cilíndricas, considerando o efeito de invasão do filtrado da lama na formação, através de uma adaptação da simulação de injeção de poços proveniente das teorias relativas à engenharia de reservatório. Com isto, estimam-se os erros relativos sobre a resistividade aparente assumindo como referência a temperatura original da formação. Nesta etapa do trabalho, faz-se uso do método de diferenças finitas para avaliar a distribuição de temperatura poço-formação. A simulação da invasão é realizada, em coordenadas cilíndricas, através da adaptação da equação de Buckley-Leverett em coordenadas cartesianas. Efeitos como o aparecimento do reboco de lama na parede do poço, gravidade e pressão capilar não são levados em consideração. A partir das distribuições de saturação e temperatura, obtém-se a distribuição radial de resistividade, a qual é convolvida com a resposta radial da ferramenta de indução (transmissor-receptor) resultando na resistividade aparente da formação. Admitindo como referência a temperatura original da formação, são obtidos os erros relativos da resistividade aparente. Através da variação de alguns parâmetros, verifica-se que a porosidade e a saturação original da formação podem ser responsáveis por enormes erros na obtenção da resistividade, principalmente se tais "leituras" forem realizadas logo após a perfuração (MWD). A diferença de temperatura entre poço e formação é a principal causadora de tais erros, indicando que em situações onde esta diferença de temperatura seja grande, perfilagens com ferramentas de indução devam ser realizadas de um a dois dias após a perfuração do poço.

Interpretação quantitativa de anomalias gravimétricas ar-livre da margem continental norte brasileira, setor nordeste

Anomalias gravimétricas ar-livre de perfis perpendiculares a margem continental do tipo passiva apresentam uma configuração padrão. Esta configuração é, satisfatoriamente, explicada por um modelo geofísico formado por uma distribuição de descontinuidades horizontais bidimensionais. Um processo automático de busca aleatória é proposto para a interpretação quantitativa dos dados. Através do método de poliedros flexíves (Simplex), os parâmetros principais do modelo - o contraste de densidade, a profundidade, o rejeito e a localização de cada descontinuidade, puderam ser encontrados, admitindo uma relação número de pontos/número de parâmetros, a determinar, conveniente. Sobre a região do talude, as anomalias ar-livre da margem continental podem ser explicadas por uma única descontinuidade horizontal (degrau simples); e tendo que a resposta dos dados gravimétricos no domínio do número de onda contém informações sobre esta anomalia, foi proposto um procedimento gráfico iterativo para a análise espectral deste sinal. Aplicando a transformada de Fourier é possível determinar a profundidade e o rejeito da descontinuidade, e conhecendo estes parâmetros a densidade é calculada unicamente. O objetivo básico do uso destes procedimentos seria combinar os dois métodos de interpretação nos domínios do espaço e do número de onda, com a finalidade de obter soluções vinculadas mais plausíveis quanto ao contexto geológico esperado para a área estudada. Os dois procedimentos de interpretação foram aplicados nas anomalias gravimétricas ar-livre da margem continental norte brasileira, setor nordeste, abrangendo os estados do Maranhão ao Rio Grande do Norte. As respectivas capacidade de resolução de cada procedimento foram então analisadas. Demonstrou-se que a inversão realizada diretamente no domínio do espaço é mais favorável na interpretação das anomalias ar-livre, embora o tratamento espectral seja relativamente mais simples.

Model selection for discriminative restricted boltzmann machines through meta-heuristic techniques

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Riverbed: A Novel User-Steered Image Segmentation Method Based on Optimum Boundary Tracking

This paper presents an optimum user-steered boundary tracking approach for image segmentation, which simulates the behavior of water flowing through a riverbed. The riverbed approach was devised using the image foresting transform with a never-exploited connectivity function. We analyze its properties in the derived image graphs and discuss its theoretical relation with other popular methods such as live wire and graph cuts. Several experiments show that riverbed can significantly reduce the number of user interactions (anchor points), as compared to live wire for objects with complex shapes. This paper also includes a discussion about how to combine different methods in order to take advantage of their complementary strengths.

Properly coloured copies and rainbow copies of large graphs with small maximum degree

Let G be a graph on n vertices with maximum degree ?. We use the Lovasz local lemma to show the following two results about colourings ? of the edges of the complete graph Kn. If for each vertex v of Kn the colouring ? assigns each colour to at most (n - 2)/(22.4?2) edges emanating from v, then there is a copy of G in Kn which is properly edge-coloured by ?. This improves on a result of Alon, Jiang, Miller, and Pritikin [Random Struct. Algorithms 23(4), 409433, 2003]. On the other hand, if ? assigns each colour to at most n/(51?2) edges of Kn, then there is a copy of G in Kn such that each edge of G receives a different colour from ?. This proves a conjecture of Frieze and Krivelevich [Electron. J. Comb. 15(1), R59, 2008]. Our proofs rely on a framework developed by Lu and Szekely [Electron. J. Comb. 14(1), R63, 2007] for applying the local lemma to random injections. In order to improve the constants in our results we use a version of the local lemma due to Bissacot, Fernandez, Procacci, and Scoppola [preprint, arXiv:0910.1824]. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 40, 425436, 2012

Planetary transit candidates in the CoRoT LRa01 field

Context. CoRoT is a pioneering space mission whose primary goals are stellar seismology and extrasolar planets search. Its surveys of large stellar fields generate numerous planetary candidates whose lightcurves have transit-like features. An extensive analytical and observational follow-up effort is undertaken to classify these candidates. Aims. We present the list of planetary transit candidates from the CoRoT LRa01 star field in the Monoceros constellation toward the Galactic anti-center direction. The CoRoT observations of LRa01 lasted from 24 October 2007 to 3 March 2008. Methods. We acquired and analyzed 7470 chromatic and 3938 monochromatic lightcurves. Instrumental noise and stellar variability were treated with several filtering tools by different teams from the CoRoT community. Different transit search algorithms were applied to the lightcurves. Results. Fifty-one stars were classified as planetary transit candidates in LRa01. Thirty-seven (i.e., 73% of all candidates) are "good" planetary candidates based on photometric analysis only. Thirty-two (i.e., 87% of the "good" candidates) have been followed-up. At the time of writing twenty-two cases were solved and five planets were discovered: three transiting hot-Jupiters (CoRoT-5b, CoRoT-12b, and CoRoT-21b), the first terrestrial transiting planet (CoRoT-7b), and another planet in the same system (CoRoT-7c, detected by radial velocity survey only). Evidence of another non-transiting planet in the CoRoT-7 system, namely CoRoT-7d, was recently found as well.