Self-reported teamwork in family health team practices in Ontario:Organizational and cultural predictors of team climate

Objective: To determine the organizational predictors of higher scores on team climate measures as an indicator of the functioning of a family health team (FHT). Design: Cross-sectional study using a mailed survey. Setting: Family health teams in Ontario. Participants: Twenty-one of 144 consecutively approached FHTs; 628 team members were surveyed. Main outcome measures: Scores on the team climate inventory, which assessed organizational culture type (group, developmental, rational, or hierarchical); leadership perceptions; and organizational factors, such as use of electronic medical records (EMRs), team composition, governance of the FHT, location, meetings, and time since FHT initiation. All analyses were adjusted for clustering of respondents within the FHT using a mixed random-intercepts model. Results: The response rate was 65.8% (413 of 628); 2 were excluded from analysis, for a total of 411 participants. At the time of survey completion, there was a median of 4 physicians, 11 other health professionals, and 4 management and clerical staff per FHT. The average team climate score was 3.8 out of a possible 5. In multivariable regression analysis, leadership score, group and developmental culture types, and use of more EMR capabilities were associated with higher team climate scores. Other organizational factors, such as number of sites and size of group, were not associated with the team climate score. Conclusion: Culture, leadership, and EMR functionality, rather than organizational composition of the teams (eg, number of professionals on staff, practice size), were the most important factors in predicting climate in primary care teams.

Organizational Attributes of Practices Successful at a Disease Management Program

Objective: To assess the contribution of organizational factors to implementation of 3 asthma quality measures: enrollment in a disease management program, development of a written treatment plan, and prescription of severity-appropriate anti-inflammatory therapy. Study design: A total of 138 pediatric clinicians and 247 office staff in 13 urban clinics and 23 nonurban private practices completed questionnaires about their practice's organizational characteristics (eg, leadership, communication, perceived effectiveness, job satisfaction). Results: 94% of the clinicians and 92% of the office staff completed questionnaires. When adjusted for confounders, greater practice activity and perceived effectiveness in meeting family needs were associated with higher rates of enrollment in the Easy Breathing program, whereas higher scores for 3 organizational characteristics-communication timeliness, decision authority, and job satisfaction-were associated with both higher enrollment and a greater number of written treatment plans. None of the organizational characteristics was associated with greater use of anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusions: Three organizational characteristics predicted 2 quality asthma measures: use of a disease management program and creation of a written asthma treatment plan. If these organizational characteristics were amenable to change, then our findings could help focus interventions in areas of effective and acceptable organizational change. © 2009 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Creativity and problem solving in the development of organizational innovation

This research focuses on creativity and innovation management in organizations. We present a model of intervention that aims at establishing a culture of organizational innovation through the internal development of individual and team creativity focusing on problem solving. The model relies on management’s commitment and in the organization’s talented people (creative leaders and employees) as a result of their ability in defining a better organization. The design follows Min Basadur’s problem solving approach consisting of problem finding, fact finding, problem definition, solution finding and decision implementation. These steps are carried out using specific techniques and procedures that will link creative people and management in order to initiate the process until problems are defined. For each defined problem, project teams will develop possible solutions and implement these decisions. Thus, a system of transformation of the individual and team creativity into organizational innovation can be established.

Authentic Leadership and Behavioral Integrity as Drivers of Follower Commitment and Performance

The literatures on both authentic leadership and behavioral integrity have argued that leader integrity drives follower performance. Yet, despite overlap in conceptualization and mechanisms, no research has investigated how authentic leadership and behavioral integrity relate to one another in driving follower performance. In this study, we propose and test the notion that authentic leadership behavior is an antecedent to perceptions of leader behavioral integrity, which in turn affects follower affective organizational commitment and follower work role performance. Analysis of a survey of 49 teams in the service industry supports the proposition that authentic leadership is related to follower affective organizational commitment, fully mediated through leader behavioral integrity. Next, we found that authentic leadership and leader behavioral integrity are related to follower work role performance, fully mediated through follower affective organizational commitment. These relationships hold when controlling for ethical organizational culture.

Modernizing human resource management : the importance of values-based leadership in the Canadian federal public service /

Over the past several decades, many theories have been advanced as to why efforts to reform the public service have met with only limited success. Clearly, the role of leadership with respect to reform must be examined, since successful organizational leaders should be extremely accomplished in the promotion and protection of the values that underlie decision-making. The issue of effective leadership is particularly significant for the future of the public service of Canada. Large numbers of public servants in the executive ranks are due to retire within the next five years. Given their central role, it is vital that there be enough dedicated and committed public servants to staff future vacancies. It is also essential that future public service leaders possess the competencies and values associated with a world-class public service and, a new type of public organization. Related to this point is the importance of people-management skills. People management in the public service is an issue that has historically faced - and will continue to face - major challenges with respect to recruiting and retaining the leaders it requires for its continued success. It is imperative that the public service not only be revitalized and be seen as an employer of choice, but also that the process by which it accomplishes this goal - the practice of human resource management - be modernized. To achieve the flexibility needed to remain effective, the public service requires the kind ofleadership that supports new public service values such as innovation and which emphasizes a "people- first" approach. This thesis examines the kind of public service leadership needed to modernize the human resource management regime in the federal public service. A historical examination of public service values is presented to help determine the values that are important for public service leaders with respect to modernizing human resource management. Since replenishing the 2 ranks of public service leaders is crucial to ensure the quality of service to Canadians, leadership that supports career planning will be a major focus of this paper. In addition, this thesis demonstrates that while traditional public service values continue to endure, innovative leaders must effectively reconcile new public service values with traditional values in order to increase the possibilities for successful reform as well as achieve business objectives. Much of the thesis is devoted to explaining the crucial role of post-bureaucratic leadership to successful reform. One of the major findings of the thesis is that leaders who demonstrate a blending of new public service values and traditional values are critical to creating effective employment relationships, which are key to modernizing human resource management in the federal public service. It will be apparent that public service leaders must ensure that an appropriate accountability framework is in place before embarking on reform. However, leaders who support new public service values such as innovation and empowerment and who emphasize the importance of people are essential to successful reform.

A survey of attitudes of agricultural society leaders toward leadership development education

It was the purpose of this study to investigate attitudes toward leadership development education of one client group served by the ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. The survey, answered by 175 participants, attempted to answer the following questions: (a) What is a common definition of leadership?, (b) What leadership concepts are important to leadership development education? and, (c) What are client attitudes toward leadership development education? A descriptive research approach was used and the data were analyzed according to a model developed by Colaizzi. Concept maps were developed under the broad areas of: (a) Developing leader qualities; (b) Past experiences that developed leadership skills that worked on the jOb; (c) Leadership skills developed from present day positions; and (d) How leadership skills may be developed in future situations. A description of the dynamics of leadership development was written and the essential dynamics of leadership skill development in one volunteer organization was described. This study supports the linkages perspective of leadership within voluntary organizations developed by Vandenberg, Thullen and Fear (1987). The linkages perspective consists of three major components: perception, property and process. As a perception, leadership is the set of beliefs each group member holds regarding the behaviours and qualities characteristic of effective leaders. As a property, leadership represents the qualities attributed by group members to persons perceived as effectively (or potentially) influencing the goal achievement process. As a process, leadership involves the use of non-coercive influence to facilitate group accomplishment of valued goals. Leadership concepts important for development in a leadership development education program related to personal, organizational and societal development. The top five concepts in terms of rank order are communicating effectively, forming and working with groups, working creatively (tie), developing followers, managing meetings, directing projects or activities, understanding financial matters, managing negotiations (tie), developing resources and understanding and developing oneself (tie). Several recommendations are relevant for extension personnel as educators. Theoretical concepts on leadership need to be shared to extension practitioners involved in leadership development. currently used teaching materials for leadership development should be evaluated to see if they include concepts from preferrred theoretical leadership perceptions.

Comment le groupe informel agit sur la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et le climat organisationnel

Ce mémoire a pour objet l’influence du groupe informel sur la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et le climat organisationnel. Dans un premier temps, nous examinerons la théorie sur le leadership transformationnel. Le lien entre ce style de leadership et le climat organisationnel est à l’étude, car il semble que ces deux variables sont liés aux perceptions qu’ont les employés de leur vécu en organisation. Les résultats de notre étude confirment effectivement cette première hypothèse. L’objectif central de notre recherche consiste à voir comment le groupe informel agit sur la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et le climat organisationnel. D’abord, nous nous intéresserons sur l’appartenance à un groupe informel comme variable modératrice de la relation entre nos deux autres variables. Par contre, les résultats des analyses présentés n’ont pas réussi à confirmer ce modèle. Ensuite, nous étudierons le groupe informel en tant que variable médiatrice, où le chemin entre le leadership transformationnel et le climat organisationnel serait plutôt indirecte. Nos analyses démontrent que nos trois variables sont corrélées entre-elles, mais qu’en contrôlant pour l’effet du leadership transformationnel, le groupe informel n’est plus lié au climat organisationnel. Nous sommes amenés à proposer que le leadership transformationnel contribue à un contexte organisationnel qui satisfait aux besoins des employés, de sorte que le soutien social fourni par le groupe informel ne comble pas un manque. Ceci viendrait nuancer la dynamique à l’intérieur d’un groupe informel par rapport à ce qu’il apporte à ses membres.

Leadership dans le contexte de transformation des organisations de santé de première ligne au Québec : étude de la création et de l'implantation des groupes de médecine de famille(GMF)

Contexte: Alors que de nouvelles organisations de services de première ligne, les groupes de médecine de famille (GMF) ont été implantés au Québec au début des années 2000 afin d’améliorer l’accessibilité et l’intégration des soins, nous avons que peu de recul sur la façon dont les acteurs impliqués dans le changement ont exercé leur leadership pour influencer l’implantation des GMF. Objectifs: La présente étude a pour but de mettre en évidence les rôles et actions des acteurs clés impliqués dans l’implantation des GMF et ceci pour l’ensemble du processus de transformation (de l’idée de création jusqu’à l’implantation opérationnelle des nouvelles activités), tant en les reliant aux capacités des acteurs ainsi qu’aux facteurs (organisationnels, règlementaires et culturels) aidant ou entravant le leadership dans le contexte de changement. Méthodologie: Il s’agit d’une étude de cas multiples, reposant sur trois cas (GMF) qui disposent de caractéristiques organisationnelles différentes (taille, statut, situation géographique). Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées avec les professionnels de chaque GMF (médecins, infirmières et gestionnaires). En outre, de la documentation sur le fonctionnement et l’organisation des GMF a été consultée afin de diversifier les sources de données. Résultats: On remarque une évolution du leadership tout au long du processus de changement. Le rôle du médecin responsable a été crucial lorsqu’il s’agit de communiquer le besoin de changer de pratique et la nouvelle vision de la pratique, ou encore afin de définir le rôle et les responsabilités de chacun des membres des GMF au moment de la création de ceux-ci. Un leadership plus collectif et partagé s’est manifesté au moment de l’opérationnalisation de l’implantation, par des interactions d’influence de l’ensemble des acteurs internes mais aussi externes aux GMF (CSSS, ASSS, DRMG). Conclusion: Le cadre conceptuel proposé a permis d’identifier l’évolution du leadership tout au long du processus de changement organisationnel. Il a également permis de relier les rôles et actions des acteurs aux capacités et aux facteurs aidant ce leadership.

Influence de la culture organisationnelle et du type de leadership sur la satisfaction au travail des infirmières soignantes

La moyenne pancanadienne des infirmières qui quittent leur emploi dans la première année d’embauche est de 19,9% (O’Brien-Pallas, 2010). Ce taux représente un coût important puisqu’on estime que l’embauche d’une nouvelle infirmière engendre des frais de formation de l’ordre de 30 000$ (Hayes, 2007). Le présent mémoire repose sur l’idée que le leadership des infirmières chefs et la nature de leurs interventions de gestion jouent un rôle important dans la rétention des infirmières sur les unités ce qui, à son tour, contribue à l’amélioration et au maintien d’un environnement de travail sain qui favorise l’adaptation aux changements organisationnels et opérationnels (Cummings, 2005). Selon une perspective environnementale d’analyse des systèmes organisationnels, cette situation implique que le bon fonctionnement de l’établissement de santé dépend de la capacité à « acquérir et maintenir les ressources », (Pfeffer, 2003 p.2) incluant les ressources humaines. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’analyser l’influence de la culture organisationnelle et du type de leadership des infirmières chefs sur deux variables soit l’intention de quitter le poste actuel et la qualité perçue du milieu des infirmières soignantes. Cette étude quantitative s’appuie sur un devis corrélationnel. Afin d’assurer la représentativité, un échantillonnage probabiliste a été utilisé. Le biostatisticien de l’Ordre des Infirmières et Infirmiers du Québec (OIIQ) a fourni les noms et coordonnées de 1000 infirmières qui travaillent sur les unités de soins des quatre hôpitaux ciblés par l’étude. L’analyse des données a permis d’identifier quatre relations causales. Une relation a ainsi été établie entre la culture organisationnelle et le type de leadership utilisé. Ensuite une relation a été établie entre la culture organisationnelle et la qualité perçue du milieu. La relation suivante est entre le type de leadership utilisé et la qualité perçue du milieu par les infirmières soignantes. Finalement, l’effet médiateur du leadership résonnant entre la culture organisationnelle et la qualité perçue du milieu a été démontré. Des suggestions d’améliorations aux niveaux organisationnel et académiques ainsi que des recommandations au niveau de la gestion et de la pratique infirmière découlent de l’analyse des données.

Stages of organizational transformation in transition economies: A dynamic capabilities approach

How do organizations previously dominated by the state develop dynamic capabilities that would support their growth in a competitive market economy? We develop a theoretical framework of organizational transformation that explains the processes by which organizations learn and develop dynamic capabilities in transition economies. Specifically, the framework theorizes about the importance of, and inter-relationships between, leadership, organizational learning, dynamic capabilities, and performance over three stages of transformation. Propositions derived from this framework explain the pre-conditions enabling organizational learning, the linkages between types of learning and functions of dynamic capabilities, and the feedback from dynamic capabilities to organizational learning that allows firms in transition economies to regain their footing and build long-term competitive advantage. We focus on transition contexts, where these processes have been magnified and thus offer new insights into strategizing in radically altered environments.

How do Chinese firms deal with inter-organizational conflict?

Based on social exchange and customer relationship marketing theory, this study examines how ethical leadership contributes to inter-organizational conflict management (task conflict (TC) and relationship conflict), and the moderating role of task interdependence in these relationships. Data was collected from 81 suppliers and 45 corresponding managers of a large group company in China. Results show that ethical leadership is negatively associated with the levels of inter-organizational conflict,whether task or relationship. Task interdependence significantly moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and TC. Managerial implication in terms of creating sound buyer–supplier relationship through an ethical perspective is discussed.

The Key Role of the School Principal’s Leadership in the Schooling of Newly Arrived Immigrant Pupils in Sweden : Experiences from an Interactive Action Research Project

When newly immigrated children and young people begin school in Sweden, certain challengesarise. These may result from weak Swedish-language skills and different schooling backgrounds,as well as organizational and pedagogical limitations in the schools. This generates demands onschool leaders to lead and develop the organization and teachers competences to meet these pupils’needs. This situation was behind the initiation of the project “New Immigrants and Learning—Competence Development for Teachers and School Principals.” The project ran in schools infour Swedish municipalities, its aim was to develop leadership, organizational and pedagogicalskills that would facilitate the schooling and integration of newly arrived pupils. This article aimsto describe and discuss a Participant Action Research (PAR) based on a think tank and researchcircles, drawing special attention to the role of the school leaders. It will also examine whether theresearch circles and the project overall served to develop educational and intercultural leadership,organizational conditions, collegial learning, pedagogical methods and competence in terms ofschooling for this pupil group.