La reforma educativa en Uruguay (1995-2000): virtudes y problemas de una iniciativa heterodoxa

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Desarrollo social, reforma del Estado y de la seguridad social, al umbral del siglo XXI

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Política pública e avaliação: o Saresp e seus impactos na prática profissional docente

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Neo-liberalismo, educação e racionalização: a criação da Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política como prática política da grande indústria paulista nos anos 30.

Na efrevescência político-social que marcou as décadas de 1920 e 1930 no Brasil, quatro grandes temas ganhavam destaque e apareciam como bandeira comum à maioria dos atores em luta: industrialização, revolução, racionalização e educação. Em São Paulo, em meio as lutas pela universalização de uma vontade particular, o tema da educação ganha cores mais vivas, seja como lugar previlegiado do confronto político, seja, ao contrário como elemento aglutinador de grupos com interesses divergentes - como se pode observar quando do fortalecimento da bandeira da união em torno dos interesses paulistas. Bandeira essa que chega a transformar-se em forte mistica a partir do Movimento Constitucionalista de 1932: somente São Paulo seria capaz de fornecer homens suficientemente competentes para compor a elite dirigente do Brasil, um pais que passava por um período de grave crise provocada, principalmente, pela inexistência de uma sólida estrutura educacional moderna que fosse capaz de reeducar as massas e formar técnicos competentes para administar as coisas públicas. Com o fim do Movimento de 32, que havia sustentado uma aliança de diferentes grupos paulistas, entre eles o grupo político do jornal O Estado de São Paulo, principal responsável pelo projeto de criação da Universidade de São Paulo em 1934, e o núcleo de empresários representados pela FIESP (Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo) -, as práticas políticas particulares são retomadas. Em 1933, os empresários tomam a dianteira criando a Escola Livre de Sociologia e política, que aparece como um dos mais importantes atos políticosda grande indústria no Brasil. No discurso de inauguração, Roberto Simonsen, presidente da FIESP, admitindo a necessidade de reformulação do velho liberalismo ortodoxo e defendendo um Estado neo-liberal, indica a prática de largos horizontes com a qual essa escola deveria estar comprometida: a instituição de verdades científicas sobre a realidade brasileira, capazes de proporcionar os instrumentos necessários para garantir a correta ação de um Estado normatizador da sociedade segundo a vontade da grande indústria.

The role of the state in health public policies: an overview of the debate on the concept of State and the Brazilian case

This article is the result of a narrative literature review. The objective is to show the development of an overview on the ideological debate on the design of state health policies. We argue that the role of the state in the development of health policy, even under the pressure of the global market, may create alternatives to promote and drive economic and social development, meaning they are not subject to economic constraints imposed by the liberal ideal of market. Here is a part of a theoretical discussion about the construction and presence of the State in Latin America, particularly in Brazil. We take the approaches of the Marxist tradition and liberal to the issue as reference. This discussion allows us to understand the historical role of the state in the maintenance of social policies, specifically health, is an alternative to public control eases the intense capital mobility promoted by economic globalization. In this sense, the theme makes the Brazilian health an important issue of social sciences, why is the historicity of the construction of the Brazilian health system, as a public policy that can mirror the actual reconstruction of the institutional framework of the Brazilian state with the establishment instances of negotiation between the various spheres of power that strengthen the state in this process of democratization of Brazilian society.

An Australian Perspective on Singaporean Welfare Policy

From a Western perspective, Singapore appears to be an overt example of a neo-liberal welfare regime based on low social expenditure, and limited and discretionary social assistance. But the true picture is arguably more complex. Singapore’s welfare policy is driven by strong cultural assumptions around individual and family self-reliance, and the inappropriateness of state welfare provision. However, there is also a strong emphasis on communal responsibility for supporting the disadvantaged. Some conclusions are drawn about the limitations of existing policies, and possible new directions for the future.

Policy Contexts of Social Work in Britain: the wider implications of 'New' Labour and the 'New Legal Regime'

Several commentators have expressed disappointment with New Labour's apparent adherence to the policy frameworks of the previous Conservative administrations. The employment orientation of its welfare programmes, the contradictory nature of the social exclusion initiatives, and the continuing obsession with public sector marketisation, inspections, audits, standards and so on, have all come under critical scrutiny (c.f., Blyth 2001; Jordan 2001; Orme 2001). This paper suggests that in order to understand the socio-economic and political contexts affecting social work we need to examine the relationship between New Labour's modernisation project and its insertion within an architecture of global governance. In particular, membership of the European Union (EU), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organisation (WTO) set the parameters for domestic policy in important ways. Whilst much has been written about the economic dimensions of 'globalisation' in relation to social work rather less has been noted about the ways in which domestic policy agenda are driven by multilateral governance objectives. This policy dimension is important in trying to respond to various changes affecting social work as a professional activity. What is possible, what is encouraged, how things might be done, is tightly bounded by the policy frameworks governing practice and affected by those governing the lives of service users. It is unhelpful to see policy formulation in purely national terms as the UK is inserted into a network governance structure, a regulatory framework where decisions are made by many countries and organisations and agencies. Together, they are producing a 'new legal regime', characterised by a marked neo-liberal policy agenda. This paper aims to demonstrate the relationship of New Labour's modernisation programme to these new forms of legality by examining two main policy areas and the welfare implications they are enmeshed in. The first is privatisation, and the second is social policy in the European Union. Examining these areas allows a demonstration of how much of the New Labour programme can be understood as a local implementation of a transnational strategy, how parts of that strategy produce much of the social exclusion it purports to address, and how social welfare, and particularly social work, are noticeable by their absence within policy discourses of the strategy. The paper details how the privatisation programme is considered to be a crucial vehicle for the further development of a transnational political-economy, where capital accumulation has been redefined as 'welfare'. In this development, frameworks, codes and standards are central, and the final section of the paper examines how the modernisation strategy of the European Union depends upon social policy marked by an employment orientation and risk rationality, aimed at reconfiguring citizen identities.The strategy is governed through an 'open mode of coordination', in which codes, standards, benchmarks and so on play an important role. The paper considers the modernisation strategy and new legality within which it is embedded as dependent upon social policy as a technology of liberal governance, one demonstrating a new rationality in comparison to that governing post-Second World War welfare, and which aims to reconfigure institutional infrastructure and citizen identity.

Social Work as Laboratory for Normative Professionalisation

In most Western countries, the professional status of social workers is instable and insecure. Of course, most Western countries are themselves instable, ridden with feelings of insecurity and in search of reassurance and promises of control. But social work hardly lends itself as a projection screen for visions of professional control and efficiency in the face of insecurity. On the contrary: within the present cultural and political climate, social work connotes primarily with unpopular social problems, with people unable to cope adequately with the competitiveness and the rate of change of post-industrial societies, that is to say: it connotes more with dependency and helplessness then with autonomy and control. Moreover, whereas public discourse in most Western country is dominated by a neo-liberal perspective and the intricate network of economic, managerial, consumerist and military metaphors connected with it, social work still carries with it a legacy of 'progressive politics' increasingly labeled as outdated and inadequate. Although the values of solidarity and social justice connected with this 'progressive heritage' certainly have not faded away completely, the loudest and most popular voices on the level of public discourse keep underscoring the necessity to adapt to the 'realities' of present-day postindustrial societies and their dependence on economic growth, technological innovation and the dynamics of an ever more competitive world-market. This 'unavoidable' adaptation involves both the 'modernization' and progressive diminishment of 'costly' welfare-state arrangements and a radical reorientation of social work as a profession. Instead of furthering the dependency of clients in the name of solidarity, social workers should stimulate them to face their own responsibilities and help them to function more adequately in a world where individual autonomy and economic progress are dominant values. This shift has far-reaching consequences for the organization of the work itself. Efficiency and transparency are the new code words, professional autonomy is dramatically limited and interventions of social workers are increasingly bound to 'objective' standards of success and cost-effectiveness.

Citizenship Education – Between Social Inequality and the Promises of Modernity

For several reasons citizenship and democracy has moved into political and research focus. Socio-cultural tensions and inequalities created by globalisation processes boosted by neo-liberal modes of government seem to inspire a concern with “social cohesion”, and the European Community assigns a key role to education in engendering European democratic citizenship. It can be questioned whether it is within the scope of educational programmes to ensure social integration and democracy. However, to clarify the perspectives of the educational issue, the article discusses the conflicts and relationships between cultural identity and democracy within a framework of modernity before returning to the issue of education for democratic citizenship. It is shown on the basis of empirical studies that family background interacts with school factors in the reproduction of democratic inequalities. It is also indicated, however, that this must not be considered an unchangeable pedagogical fact, and the article briefly sketches a set of pedagogical and research challenges concerned with educating for democratic empowerment at different levels of school practice. Although this paper focuses on education and the educational system, the arguments and findings presented can also claim relevance for social pedagogy and social work, esp. in respect of recent developments that stress the educational dimensions of social work.

A Preliminary Impact Assessment of Doha Round Results on Agricultural Policies in Turkey

Turkish agriculture has been experiencing a period of unique policy experiment over the last couple years. A World Bank-initiated project, called the Agricultural Reform Implementation Project (ARIP), has been at the forefront of policy change. It was initially promoted by the Bank as an exemplary reform package which could also be adopted by other developing countries. It was introduced in 2001 as part of a major International Monetary Fund (IMF)/World Bank-imposed program of “structural adjustment” after the country had been hit by a major financial crisis. The project has finally come to an end in 2009, and there is now an urgent need for a retrospective assessment of its overall impact on the agricultural sector. Has it fulfilled its ambitious objective of reforming and restructuring Turkish agriculture? Or should it be recorded as a failure of the neo-liberal doctrine? This book aims at finding answers to these questions by investigating the legacy of ARIP from a multi-disciplinary perspective.

Memoria y emergencia social en la perspectiva de los derechos humanos

El proyecto es prolongación de una experiencia de investigación colectiva, iniciada en 1998 y desarrollada en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la UNCuyo, y, en este sentido, aspira a consolidar un equipo de trabajo ya formado y a dar continuidad a una tarea en curso. El campo disciplinar dentro del cual se plantea el presente plan es el correspondiente a la Historia de las ideas latinoamericanas, entendida como un ámbito del saber de índole interdisciplinaria, donde convergen preocupaciones y enfoques filosóficos, teórico-políticos, sociológicos, historiográficos, económicos y semiológicos. Dentro de ese campo nos proponemos abordar la producción teórica de Arturo Roig y Franz Hinkelammert, particularmente en lo que concierne a la articulación que proponen ambos entre la problemática ético-política de los derechos humanos, por una parte, y la crítica teórica del paradigma económico neo-liberal y de la configuración social deshumanizada del capitalismo global actual, por otra. El proyecto incorpora a un grupo de graduados recientes y de estudiantes como colaboradores porque destaca, dentro de los resultados que se espera obtener, la formación de recursos humanos y la transferencia de conocimientos y metodologías, propias de la actividad de investigación científica, a futuros investigadores. Finalmente, en términos de difusión de los alcances de la investigación, del trabajo programado resultará: la publicación de los resultados en revistas de la especialidad y su exposición en foros científicos, por una parte, y la construcción de un corpus textual y la realización de una serie de materiales pedagógicos, orientados a organización de actividades de transferencia dirigidas a sectores más amplios de estudiantes y graduados, por otra.

La vida cultural de las políticas públicas : un análisis de los conflictos por el uso del agua en el contexto neoliberal

La descentralización en el marco de las políticas neoliberales se concibió como una reforma política-administrativa para minimizar el rol del Estado postulando como bastión clave "La participación local". Sin embargo ésta sólo se queda en los ámbitos formales. El caso particular de las políticas de descentralización del riego en la provincia de Mendoza no es una excepción. Lo que nos lleva a analizar su microcosmos y las redes sociales informales que dan cuenca de la desigual participación de los distintos usuarios del agua de riego en las decisiones en torno a este recurso, según sus trayectorias y sus capitales sociales, económicos y culturales.

Conflictividad social y dominación política en Argentina, 1989-2001. Acumulación de capital, Estado y luchas obreras

Este trabajo intenta abordar el interrogante que refiere a la dinámica que asume la lucha de la clase obrera en la Argentina de la década del noventa. Es decir, se propone observar las respuestas de la clase trabajadora -ocupada y desocupada- a las condiciones que presenta la ofensiva capitalista y la reestructuración social, en relación al modo de acumulación neoliberal y a las configuraciones particulares que asume el Estado en ese período histórico. Ahora bien, estas respuestas han sido objeto de observación desde una variada producción intelectual sobre la cual este trabajo se centrará. De esta manera, intentamos recuperar críticamente las categorías analíticas sobre dichos procesos que algunos de los investigadores más importantes del campo han desarrollado. En este sentido, es necesario analizar la acumulación capitalista, la forma que adopta el Estado y la dinámica de las luchas obreras, como dimensiones de unas mismas relaciones sociales capitalistas. Este trabajo intentará aproximarse a la determinación histórica específica que estos conceptos expresan analizándolos en el caso argentino en la década del noventa en particular. Y esta relación no es posible pensarla escindida de la relación básica de funcionamiento del capitalismo, la relación capital-trabajo

Conflictividad social y dominación política en Argentina, 1989-2001. Acumulación de capital, Estado y luchas obreras

Este trabajo intenta abordar el interrogante que refiere a la dinámica que asume la lucha de la clase obrera en la Argentina de la década del noventa. Es decir, se propone observar las respuestas de la clase trabajadora -ocupada y desocupada- a las condiciones que presenta la ofensiva capitalista y la reestructuración social, en relación al modo de acumulación neoliberal y a las configuraciones particulares que asume el Estado en ese período histórico. Ahora bien, estas respuestas han sido objeto de observación desde una variada producción intelectual sobre la cual este trabajo se centrará. De esta manera, intentamos recuperar críticamente las categorías analíticas sobre dichos procesos que algunos de los investigadores más importantes del campo han desarrollado. En este sentido, es necesario analizar la acumulación capitalista, la forma que adopta el Estado y la dinámica de las luchas obreras, como dimensiones de unas mismas relaciones sociales capitalistas. Este trabajo intentará aproximarse a la determinación histórica específica que estos conceptos expresan analizándolos en el caso argentino en la década del noventa en particular. Y esta relación no es posible pensarla escindida de la relación básica de funcionamiento del capitalismo, la relación capital-trabajo

Conflictividad social y dominación política en Argentina, 1989-2001. Acumulación de capital, Estado y luchas obreras

Este trabajo intenta abordar el interrogante que refiere a la dinámica que asume la lucha de la clase obrera en la Argentina de la década del noventa. Es decir, se propone observar las respuestas de la clase trabajadora -ocupada y desocupada- a las condiciones que presenta la ofensiva capitalista y la reestructuración social, en relación al modo de acumulación neoliberal y a las configuraciones particulares que asume el Estado en ese período histórico. Ahora bien, estas respuestas han sido objeto de observación desde una variada producción intelectual sobre la cual este trabajo se centrará. De esta manera, intentamos recuperar críticamente las categorías analíticas sobre dichos procesos que algunos de los investigadores más importantes del campo han desarrollado. En este sentido, es necesario analizar la acumulación capitalista, la forma que adopta el Estado y la dinámica de las luchas obreras, como dimensiones de unas mismas relaciones sociales capitalistas. Este trabajo intentará aproximarse a la determinación histórica específica que estos conceptos expresan analizándolos en el caso argentino en la década del noventa en particular. Y esta relación no es posible pensarla escindida de la relación básica de funcionamiento del capitalismo, la relación capital-trabajo