A importância da ciência e tecnologia para o desenvolvimento: um estudo de caso da indústria brasileira de química verde

The objective of the research is to map and analyze the investment, strategies of develop and prospects of green chemical industry in Brazil and show the fundamental importance of basic research and applied research in the development of this industry in recent years. The complementary objectives are: (i) to evaluate the role of the Brazilian government as a catalyst, encouraging the development of green chemistry industry through incentives, subsidies and ease in credit lines; ii) mapping of relationships between companies universities and public research institutes in the field of green chemistry; iii) verification of the strategies in the world stage green chemistry, the course of time; iv) the theoretical issues and national plans, and your practicable; v) continued investment in the area, with the worry of them being affected by any matter cyclical such as the discovery of a large deposit of shale gas in the United States and a technological development of oil extraction in Brazil and vi) the pace of R&D for basic and applied in the country with the passage of time

Ascenso social, consolidación y prestigio. El caso de los portugueses y sus redes sociofamiliares en el Buenos Aires tardocolonial

Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar el comportamiento y las estrategias sociales de los portugueses más destacados dentro de la comunidad porteña de Buenos Aires colonial tardío. Para este análisis, debemos tener en cuenta el crecimiento que tuvo la ciudad desde mediados del siglo XVIII lo que se denota claramente en la expansión del comercio atlántico. Es durante ese período que Buenos Aires pierde rápidamente las características de los pueblos predominantemente rurales para adquirir, en forma definitiva, los rasgos de una ciudad.

Los empresarios de la soja : Cambios y continuidades en la fisonomía y composición interna de las empresas agropecuarias

Un rasgo fundamental del nuevo modelo productivo que se consolidó en las últimas dos décadas es la centralidad que adquieren las capas empresariales. Este hecho encierra una serie de interrogantes en los que conviene detenerse, en tanto aluden al análisis de los procesos de constitución de estas capas, que involucran tanto la identificación de los rasgos que les dan unidad, como su grado de diversidad. En este trabajo, interesa fundamentalmente explorar la importancia y el papel que la propiedad de la tierra retiene en estos sectores, tanto en términos de la configuración de su capital y patrimonio como en las estrategias técnico-productivas, y de inversión que definen. El tema es un punto controversial que remite al interrogante sobre el tipo de actores que sostienen la expansión sojera, debate que vuelve a poner en juego la importancia de la renta de la tierra en la acumulación del sector, vis a vis la tecnología, el conocimiento científico, y las lógicas de puesta en red de los espacios agrícolas, a través de de asociaciones y contratos entre diferentes actores. El trabajo aborda estas cuestiones a partir del análisis de información cuantitativa y cualitativa de un conjunto de empresarios de la región pampeana

Ascenso social, consolidación y prestigio. El caso de los portugueses y sus redes sociofamiliares en el Buenos Aires tardocolonial

Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar el comportamiento y las estrategias sociales de los portugueses más destacados dentro de la comunidad porteña de Buenos Aires colonial tardío. Para este análisis, debemos tener en cuenta el crecimiento que tuvo la ciudad desde mediados del siglo XVIII lo que se denota claramente en la expansión del comercio atlántico. Es durante ese período que Buenos Aires pierde rápidamente las características de los pueblos predominantemente rurales para adquirir, en forma definitiva, los rasgos de una ciudad.

Los empresarios de la soja : Cambios y continuidades en la fisonomía y composición interna de las empresas agropecuarias

Un rasgo fundamental del nuevo modelo productivo que se consolidó en las últimas dos décadas es la centralidad que adquieren las capas empresariales. Este hecho encierra una serie de interrogantes en los que conviene detenerse, en tanto aluden al análisis de los procesos de constitución de estas capas, que involucran tanto la identificación de los rasgos que les dan unidad, como su grado de diversidad. En este trabajo, interesa fundamentalmente explorar la importancia y el papel que la propiedad de la tierra retiene en estos sectores, tanto en términos de la configuración de su capital y patrimonio como en las estrategias técnico-productivas, y de inversión que definen. El tema es un punto controversial que remite al interrogante sobre el tipo de actores que sostienen la expansión sojera, debate que vuelve a poner en juego la importancia de la renta de la tierra en la acumulación del sector, vis a vis la tecnología, el conocimiento científico, y las lógicas de puesta en red de los espacios agrícolas, a través de de asociaciones y contratos entre diferentes actores. El trabajo aborda estas cuestiones a partir del análisis de información cuantitativa y cualitativa de un conjunto de empresarios de la región pampeana

Los empresarios de la soja : Cambios y continuidades en la fisonomía y composición interna de las empresas agropecuarias

Un rasgo fundamental del nuevo modelo productivo que se consolidó en las últimas dos décadas es la centralidad que adquieren las capas empresariales. Este hecho encierra una serie de interrogantes en los que conviene detenerse, en tanto aluden al análisis de los procesos de constitución de estas capas, que involucran tanto la identificación de los rasgos que les dan unidad, como su grado de diversidad. En este trabajo, interesa fundamentalmente explorar la importancia y el papel que la propiedad de la tierra retiene en estos sectores, tanto en términos de la configuración de su capital y patrimonio como en las estrategias técnico-productivas, y de inversión que definen. El tema es un punto controversial que remite al interrogante sobre el tipo de actores que sostienen la expansión sojera, debate que vuelve a poner en juego la importancia de la renta de la tierra en la acumulación del sector, vis a vis la tecnología, el conocimiento científico, y las lógicas de puesta en red de los espacios agrícolas, a través de de asociaciones y contratos entre diferentes actores. El trabajo aborda estas cuestiones a partir del análisis de información cuantitativa y cualitativa de un conjunto de empresarios de la región pampeana

Ascenso social, consolidación y prestigio. El caso de los portugueses y sus redes sociofamiliares en el Buenos Aires tardocolonial

Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar el comportamiento y las estrategias sociales de los portugueses más destacados dentro de la comunidad porteña de Buenos Aires colonial tardío. Para este análisis, debemos tener en cuenta el crecimiento que tuvo la ciudad desde mediados del siglo XVIII lo que se denota claramente en la expansión del comercio atlántico. Es durante ese período que Buenos Aires pierde rápidamente las características de los pueblos predominantemente rurales para adquirir, en forma definitiva, los rasgos de una ciudad.

Estratégias de comercialização e investimento, com ênfase em energias renováveis, suportadas por modelos de otimização especializados para avaliação estocástica de risco x retorno.

A comercialização de energia elétrica de fontes renováveis, ordinariamente, constitui-se uma atividade em que as operações são estruturadas sob condições de incerteza, por exemplo, em relação ao preço \"spot\" no mercado de curto prazo e a geração de energia dos empreendimentos. Deriva desse fato a busca dos agentes pela formulação de estratégias e utilização de ferramentais para auxiliá-los em suas tomadas de decisão, visando não somente o retorno financeiro, mas também à mitigação dos riscos envolvidos. Análises de investimentos em fontes renováveis compartilham de desafios similares. Na literatura, o estudo da tomada de decisão considerada ótima sob condições de incerteza se dá por meio da aplicação de técnicas de programação estocástica, que viabiliza a modelagem de problemas com variáveis randômicas e a obtenção de soluções racionais, de interesse para o investidor. Esses modelos permitem a incorporação de métricas de risco, como por exemplo, o Conditional Value-at-Risk, a fim de se obter soluções ótimas que ponderem a expectativa de resultado financeiro e o risco associado da operação, onde a aversão ao risco do agente torna-se um condicionante fundamental. O objetivo principal da Tese - sob a ótica dos agentes geradores, consumidores e comercializadores - é: (i) desenvolver e implementar modelos de otimização em programação linear estocástica com métrica CVaR associada, customizados para cada um desses agentes; e (ii) aplicá-los na análise estratégica de operações como forma de apresentar alternativas factíveis à gestão das atividades desses agentes e contribuir com a proposição de um instrumento conceitualmente robusto e amigável ao usuário, para utilização por parte das empresas. Nesse contexto, como antes frisado, dá-se ênfase na análise do risco financeiro dessas operações por meio da aplicação do CVaR e com base na aversão ao risco do agente. Considera-se as fontes renováveis hídrica e eólica como opções de ativos de geração, de forma a estudar o efeito de complementaridade entre fontes distintas e entre sites distintos da mesma fonte, avaliando-se os rebatimentos nas operações.

Geometry and Optimization of Relative Arbitrage

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Extent and economic effect of heat loads on dairy cattle production in Australia

Objective To investigate the extent of heat load problems, caused by the combination of excessive temperature and humidity, in Holstein-Friesian cows in Australia. Also, to outline how milk production losses and consequent costs from this can be estimated and minimised. Procedures Long-term meteorological data for Australia were analysed to determine the distribution of hot conditions over space and time. Fifteen dairy production regions were identified for higher-resolution data analysis. Both the raw meteorological data and their integration into a temperature-humidity thermal index were compiled onto a computer program. This mapping software displays the distribution of climatic patterns, both Australia-wide and within the selected dairying regions. Graphical displays of the variation in historical records for 200 locations in the 15 dairying regions are also available. As a separate study, production data from research stations, on-farm trials and milk factory records were statistically analysed and correlated with the climatic indices, to estimate production losses due to hot conditions. Results Both milk yields and milk constituents declined with increases in the temperature-humidity index. The onset and rate of this decline are dependent on a number of factors, including location, level of production, adaptation, and management regime. These results have been integrated into a farm-level economic analysis for managers of dairy properties. Conclusion By considering the historical patterns of hot conditions over time and space, along with expected production losses, managers of dairy farms can now conduct an economic evaluation of investment strategies to alleviate heat loads. These strategies include the provision of sprinklers, shade structures, or combinations of these.

Technology adoption in small and medium-sized logistics providers

Purpose - The main aim of the research is to shed light on the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in the logistics innovation process of small and medium-sized third party logistics providers (3PLs). Design/methodology/approach - A triangulated research strategy was designed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The former involved the use of a questionnaire survey of small and medium-sized Italian 3PLs with 153 usable responses received. The latter comprised a series of focus groups and the use of seven case studies. Findings - There is a relatively low level of ICT expenditure with few companies adopting formal technology investment strategies. The findings highlight the strategic importance of supply chain integration for 3PLs with companies that have embarked on an expansion of their service portfolios showing a higher level of both ICT usage and information integration. Lack of technology skills in the workforce is a major constraint on ICT adoption. Given the proliferation of logistics-related ICT tools and applications in recent years it has been difficult for small and medium-sized 3PLs to select appropriate applications. Research limitations/implications - The paper provides practical guidelines to researchers in the effective use of mixed-methods research based on the concept of methodological triangulation. In particular, it shows how questionnaire surveys, focus groups and case study analysis can be used in combination to provide insights into multi-faceted supply chain phenomena. It also identifies several potentially fruitful avenues for future research in this specific field. Practical implications - The paper's findings provide useful guidance for practitioners on the effective adoption of ICT as part of the logistics innovation process. The findings also provide support for ICT vendors in the design of ICT solutions that are aligned to the needs of small 3PLs. Originality/value - There is currently a paucity of research into the drivers and inhibitors of ICT in the innovation processes of small and medium-sized 3PLs. This paper fills this gap by exploring the issue using a range of complementary research approaches. Copyright © 2013 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.

Do ethics imply persistence? The case of Islamic and socially responsible funds

We analyse the performance persistence of Islamic and Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) mutual funds. We adopt a multi-stage strategy in which, in the first stage, partial frontiers’ approaches are considered to measure the performance of the different funds in the sample. In the second stage, the results yielded by the partial frontiers are plugged into different investment strategies based on a recursive estimation methodology whose persistence performance is evaluated in the third stage of the analysis. Results indicate that, for both types of funds, performance persistence actually exists, but only for the worst and, most notably, best funds. This result is robust not only across methods (and different choices of tuning parameters within each method) but also across both SRI and Islamic funds—although in the case of the latter persistence was stronger for the best funds. The persistence of SRI and Islamic funds represents an important result for investors and the market, since it provides information on both which funds to invest in and which funds to avoid. Last but not least, the use of the aforementioned techniques in the context of mutual funds could also be of interest for the non-conclusive literature.

Bond Fund Performance During Recessions and Expansions: Empirical Evidence from a Small Market

This paper provides the first investigation about bond mutual fund performance during recession and expansion periods separately. Based on multi-factor performance evaluation models, results show that bond funds significantly underperform the market during both phases of the business cycle. Nevertheless, unlike equity funds, bond funds exhibit considerably higher alphas during good economic states than during market downturns. These results, however, seem entirely driven by the global financial crisis subperiod. In contrast, during the recession associated to the Euro sovereign debt crisis, bond funds are able to accomplish neutral performance. This improved performance throughout the debt crisis seems to be related to more conservative investment strategies, which reflect an increase in managers’ risk aversion.

Advanced decision-support methods for the design, control, and optimization of perishable products life cycle

In the last decades, global food supply chains had to deal with the increasing awareness of the stakeholders and consumers about safety, quality, and sustainability. In order to address these new challenges for food supply chain systems, an integrated approach to design, control, and optimize product life cycle is required. Therefore, it is essential to introduce new models, methods, and decision-support platforms tailored to perishable products. This thesis aims to provide novel practice-ready decision-support models and methods to optimize the logistics of food items with an integrated and interdisciplinary approach. It proposes a comprehensive review of the main peculiarities of perishable products and the environmental stresses accelerating their quality decay. Then, it focuses on top-down strategies to optimize the supply chain system from the strategical to the operational decision level. Based on the criticality of the environmental conditions, the dissertation evaluates the main long-term logistics investment strategies to preserve products quality. Several models and methods are proposed to optimize the logistics decisions to enhance the sustainability of the supply chain system while guaranteeing adequate food preservation. The models and methods proposed in this dissertation promote a climate-driven approach integrating climate conditions and their consequences on the quality decay of products in innovative models supporting the logistics decisions. Given the uncertain nature of the environmental stresses affecting the product life cycle, an original stochastic model and solving method are proposed to support practitioners in controlling and optimizing the supply chain systems when facing uncertain scenarios. The application of the proposed decision-support methods to real case studies proved their effectiveness in increasing the sustainability of the perishable product life cycle. The dissertation also presents an industry application of a global food supply chain system, further demonstrating how the proposed models and tools can be integrated to provide significant savings and sustainability improvements.

Short-Run Strategies For Attracting Foreign Direct Investment

This paper empirically investigates the effectiveness and feasibility of two FDI policies, fiscal incentives and deregulation, aimed at improving the attractiveness of a country in the short run. Using disaggregated data on sales by US MNEs’ foreign affiliates in 43 developed and developing countries over the 1982-1994 period, results show that the provision of fiscal incentives or the deregulation of the labour market would exert a positive impact on total FDI. Given the drawbacks frequently associated with the use of incentive packages, economy-wide policies which ease firing procedures and reduce severance payments would certainly be the best policy option. This paper also highlights the different aggregation and omitted variable biases that have affected results of previous studies and provides some support to recent theoretical models of FDI by showing that third country effects and spatial interdependence influence respectively the location of export-platform FDI and vertical FDI.