Rede Social: o agir profissional do assistente social e o desenvolvimento social em contexto local

O trabalho de investigação que pretendo realizar centrar-se-á no estudo das redes sociais, pondo o acento tónico na política social em Portugal e os impactos da rede social nos processos de trabalho do Assistente Social. As novas ideias que surgiram contribuíram para criar um novo paradigma neste campo, sendo absolutamente necessário que o sistema de protecção social se adapte às novas exigências e aos novos desafios. Não parecem existir dúvidas relativamente à metamorfose que as políticas sociais têm sofrido, fruto da necessidade de adaptação às características da vida moderna. O nascimento das redes sociais foi um importante marco e uma peça fundamental de valorização do Homem e da Comunidade e não se pode abstrair do fluxo de progresso e modernidade que tem assaltado todas as áreas da existência humana, com as naturais consequências. Assim, num primeiro momento, procurarei debruçar-me sobre as políticas sociais em Portugal, sublinhando que, em meados do século XX, nasceu a ideia de Estado-Providência, fruto das consequências de um trabalho com poucas protecções sociais agravadas com o pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. Depois, referir-me-ei ao conceito de Sociedade-Providência, nascido nos anos 70, resultante da trajectória do Estado-Providência e das mutações económicas e sociais entretanto decorridas. Mais tarde, falarei das redes sociais, tema principal da minha tese, salientado as suas características e o processo de implementação. Como base de sustentação científica, apresentarei os resultados de entrevistas que realizei a 7 assistentes sociais e uma análise crítica de conteúdos das ideias nelas colhidas.

Vagabundos e criminosos: o trabalho como mecanismo de poder e índice de criminalização no discurso jurídico-penal de reinserção social dos apenados

This study was a critical investigation of the configuration of discourse on work in the Brazilian criminal legal discourse. We problematized the discourse of an alleged reintegrative social function proposed by the criminal legal system and analyzed the role of such discourse in the core of disciplinary power strategies that impose on individuals the honest worker condition as a major criterion for their rehabilitation and return to society as citizens. This critique is our starting point to build the argument that discourse on work as it appears in current criminal legal texts operates more as a criminalization index of those who do not have a lawful occupation than a guarantee of legitimate social transit for convicts and recognition of their dignity. For this purpose, we used as corpus the main sources of Law, namely the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Penal Code, the Penal Execution Law, the Brazilian criminal doctrine and an extensive, more recent penal jurisprudence with regard to techniques of resocialization through work. This critical line enabled us to recognize complexity and plurality of discourses - antagonistic, at times - that build the world of work as portrayed in legal texts. We also sought reference in the discussion on the centrality of work as a formative category of the social being as well as theories that defend the non-centrality of work. Throughout our investigation, we sough to question the very condition of such centrality and to understand the ways in which it was possible to produce a legitimating discourse on work as a model of emancipatory social conduct defended and demanded by the Brazilian punitive system. In a context of precariousness, unemployment and flexibilization of the world of work in contemporary society, convicts hardly ever succeed to resume the identity of honest, hard-working citizens - and no longer offenders. In this context, we also questioned the formulation of a discourse that speaks about human labor as the essence of man and criticizes the Marxist vision that is based on work centrality, and we approached the concept of Michel Foucault, our theoretician of reference, who understands work more as a mechanism of power that promotes the individuals’ submission and adaptation to a goods-producing society than the natural activity of man. We ascribe our study to the field of questions that tackle the political conception of the body as subject to labor imposed as productive and political force. It is about the issue of political technology of individuals, a technology of power, as named by the French author. The intended analysis has not dismissed the material existence of labor relations but sought to discuss the validity of a discourse that considers work the main resource for convict rehabilitation and index for the recognition of dignity and honesty. The Foucauldian discourse analysis was the foundation for the investigation of our object, especially if we understand discourses as social practices with power to institute knowledge and produce truths.

Contracções e Bisturi. Sobre a presença e ausência do homem (pai) no parto

Longe da clareira da floresta ou da privacidade do espaço doméstico, o parto é hoje, na denominada sociedade ocidental, um ato tendencialmente ritmado e moldado pela medicalização e hospitalização. Para além dos novos protagonistas que este também novo cenário impõe – médicos obstetras e enfermeiros – outra característica diferencia sobremaneira o parto contemporâneo do passado: a presença do homem (pai). E não apenas a sua presença, como também a sua ausência, são hoje motivo de intenso debate entre profissionais de saúde, casais, famílias e, em última instância, indivíduos.

Ontologia do espaço : critica da critica da entificação social do ser enquanto pressuposto a uma teoria espacial interpenetrada a “ontologia do ser social”, de Gyorgy Lukacs

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Geografia, 2015.

The effect of gender context on children's social behaviour in a limited resources situation : an observational study

Knowing when to compete and when to cooperate to maximize opportunities for equal access to activities and materials in groups is critical to children's social and cognitive development. The present study examined the individual (gender, social competence) and contextual factors (gender context) that may determine why some children are more successful than others. One hundred and fifty-six children (M age=6.5 years) were divided into 39 groups of four and videotaped while engaged in a task that required them to cooperate in order to view cartoons. Children within all groups were unfamiliar to one another. Groups varied in gender composition (all girls, all boys, or mixed-sex) and social competence (high vs. low). Group composition by gender interaction effects were found. Girls were most successful at gaining viewing time in same-sex groups, and least successful in mixed-sex groups. Conversely, boys were least successful in same-sex groups and most successful in mixed-sex groups. Similar results were also found at the group level of analysis; however, the way in which the resources were distributed differed as a function of group type. Same-sex girl groups were inequitable but efficient whereas same-sex boy groups were more equitable than mixed groups but inefficient compared to same-sex girl groups. Social competence did not influence children's behavior. The findings from the present study highlight the effect of gender context on cooperation and competition and the relevance of adopting an unfamiliar peer paradigm when investigating children's social behavior.