Mutagenic potential of lettuce grown from irradiated seeds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desempenho produtivo e econômico do consórcio de cafeeiro arábica e nogueira-macadâmia

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and economic performance of Arabica coffee and macadamia nut intercropping, under rainfed and drip-irrigation conditions, as well as the financial viability of treatments in three coffee price scenarios. A completely randomized design was used, with six treatments (rainfed sole coffee, irrigated sole coffee, rainfed coffee-macadamia nut intercropping, irrigated coffee-macadamia nut intercropping, rainfed sole macadamia nut, and irrigated sole macadamia nut) and ten replicates. The productivity, the area equivalency index, and the economic outcomes of the treatments were evaluated in three coffee price scenarios. Drip irrigation and intercropping increased coffee and macadamia nut yields, in comparison to rainfed monocultures, and generally promoted the same productivity as the coffee irrigated monocultures, as well as higher productivity than the macadamia nut irrigated monocultures. The combined use of intercropping and drip irrigation promotes land-use efficiency 5-fold greater than the averages of rainfed monocultures. Irrigated intercropping promotes higher profitability and faster return on investment, making it a viable alternative, especially in periods of lower coffee prices.

Efeito da adubação biológica em cana-de-açúcar associada a doses crescentes de fertilização mineral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção e qualidade de inflorescências de couve-flor em função da densidade de plantio

Cauliflower is one of the most planted vegetable throughout Brazil, being a very profitable crop. The use of denser plantings can increase crop yield and improve financial returns to producers. This study aimed to verify the combination effect of different spacing between plants in row and between rows on the cauliflower 'Piracicaba Precoce’ inflorescences productivity and quality. In the experiment, a randomized block design was used and treatments consisted in three distances between rows (70, 80 and 90 cm) with three distances between plants in row (50, 60 and 70 cm) and four replications. Total productivity and productivity by inflorescences size classes were assessed as well as the quality by checking the inflorescences’ mass. The row density did not change the produced heads quality, although the density between plants reduced the inflorescences size. The spacing 70 x 50 cm, totalizing 28,571 plants per ha, due the higher productivity, greater than 14.0 t ha-1 , and still not compromise the inflorescence size can be recommended to the cauliflower "Piracicaba Precoce” production in the region.

Plano de carreira, cargos e salários: ferramenta favorável à valorização dos recursos humanos em saúde pública

Human recourses on Brazilian Health System (SUS) are important social points because on this form the State can guarantee the health like a right of Brazilian population, based on National Constitution Dictates. The Plan of Offices, Careers and Salaries (PCCS) is an administrative tool that should be elaborated to attendance objectives of organization. It maintain the satisfaction level of workers, with a politic of Human Recourses that allows its development and so, can get higher productivity, efficiency and objectivity of services rendered at community. The aim of this study is to contextualize the PCCS like an instrument of People Management to guide and incentive one of forms to turn no precarious the work force of Public System Dental Professionals in SUS. For them, it was realized a literature review, and official documents of Health Ministry were consulted, like governmental decrees, laws, health conference written report. It was possible to verify that, although there is legal basement on the use of PCCS-SUS by Brazilian cities like a tool to attract and maintain dental surgeon developing his profession on SUS, is often the absence of valorization of this professional, and this situation no allows his exclusive dedication at health public services. Precarious work in Dentistry is still observed on many regions of Brazil.

Métodos de aplicação e de avaliação do residual de fungicidas no controle de mofo-branco em soja e feijão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Índice de estresse hídrico na cultura de cana-de-açúcar, em superfícies irrigadas sobre diferentes exposições e declividades

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Características agronômicas e demanda energética de cultivares de soja sob efeito dos sistemas de preparo do solo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preparation: intermediate grade, minimum tillage and no-till on the agronomic characteristics and energy demand of transgenic soybean cultivars and non-GMO soybeans. Soil preparation aims at improving physical, chemical and biological conditions, aiming at good emergence and plant development. The different types of tillage may interfere with the agronomic characteristics and productivity of plants, and in energy use which can cause variation in production costs. Genetically modified plants can be one of the alternatives for reduction of production costs in crops by reducing pesticide applications, enabling higher productivity with less environmental impact. The test was conducted in 2010/2011 at the agricultural Experimental Farm Lageado, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences – UNESP, located in the city of Botucatu, SP in an area using no-till systems for the past 12 years. The experiment was carried out in a 3 x 2 factorial, randomized treatments were comprised of three soil preparation systems, minimum cultivation, intermediate grade preparation and no-till, with two cultivars of soybeans: MGBR-46 Conquest (conventional), Valuable RR (Transgenic). The data obtained was submitted to variance analysis using Tukey test at a 5% probability. With the results analyzed it might be observed that there was no significant difference between treatments, in the variables, the percentage of soil cover, final soybean plant population, grain yield and plant height. The results obtained show that the no-till system resulted in higher productivity than conventional tillage and minimum cultivation. The higher specific energy use per area was observed in minimum cultivation with a chisel plough, when compared to the preparation across the grid. The greatest fuel consumption was to treat minimum cultivation with chisel plough. The highest values were found in the skating system of minimum cultivation, being greater in conventional tillage system. It is more satisfactory for the producer to sow transgenic soy using a no-till system, because productivity retrieved from that system compensates for fuel expenditure.

Profundidades de semeadura e espaçamentos entre plantas na cultura do milho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de biomassa e teor de cumarina em folhas de guaco (Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker) em diferentes idades da planta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produção de biomassa e teor de cumarina em folhas de guaco (Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker) em diferentes idades da planta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

PALEOPRODUCTIVITY CHANGES DURING THE LATE QUATERNARY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN UPPER CONTINENTAL MARGIN OF THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC

Changes in the Brazilian continental margin`s oceanic productivity and circulation over the last 27,000 years were reconstructed based on sedimentological and microfaunal analyses. Our results suggest that oceanic paleoproductivity and the supply of terrigenous sediments to the Brazilian continental margin were higher during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than during the Holocene. These changes may have been primarily influenced by significant sea level fluctuations that have occurred since the late Pleistocene. During the LGM, the lower sea level, higher productivity and lower sea-surface paleotemperatures may have been the result of the offshore displacement of the main flow of the Brazil Current. However, during the Holocene, the warm waters of the Brazil Current were displaced toward the coast. This displacement contributed to the increase in water temperature and prevented an increase in oceanic productivity. The decrease in terrigenous supply since the LGM could be related to the increase of the extension of the continental shelf and/or drier climatic conditions.

Paleoproductivity changes during the Holocene in the inner shelf of Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazilian continental margin: Benthic foraminifera and sedimentological proxies

Sedimentological and benthic foraminifera analyses carried out on a core (length 4.15 in, collected at 22 degrees 56`31 `` S and 41 degrees 58`48 `` W, at a water depth of 43 in) sampled from the inner shelf of Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazilian continental margin, allowed identification of different hydrodynamic and productivity regimes related to sea-level fluctuations and/or climatic changes, during the last 9.4 ka cal BP. Prior to 7.0 ka cal BP, a less intense hydrodynamic and lower productivity regime occurred at lower sea levels and under drier climatic conditions. Between 7.0 and 5.0 ka cal BP, relatively stronger local oceanic circulation and relatively high productivity were observed, in a scenario of rising sea levels and more humid conditions. From 5.0 to 3.0 ka cal BP, bottom currents weakened and input of nutrients increased, with productivity levels similar to the previous phase at lower sea level and in a drier climate. From 3.0 ka cal BP up to the present, stronger hydrodynamic conditions and a higher productivity regime are linked to the establishment of the upwelling process in Cabo Frio. From 2.5 ka cal BP to the present, upwelling enhancement has been recognized, resulting from the combined action of NE winds and the intensification of the meandering pattern of the Brazil Current (BC). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

Benthic foraminiferal distribution on the southeastern Brazilian shelf and upper slope

Foraminiferal data were obtained from 66 samples of box cores on the southeastern Brazilian upper margin (between 23.8A degrees-25.9A degrees S and 42.8A degrees-46.13A degrees W) to evaluate the benthic foraminiferal fauna distribution and its relation to some selected abiotic parameters. We focused on areas with different primary production regimes on the southern Brazilian margin, which is generally considered as an oligotrophic region. The total density (D), richness (R), mean diversity (H) over bar`, average living depth (ALD(X) ) and percentages of specimens of different microhabitats (epifauna, shallow infauna, intermediate infauna and deep infauna) were analyzed. The dominant species identified were Uvigerina spp., Globocassidulina subglobosa, Bulimina marginata, Adercotryma wrighti, Islandiella norcrossi, Rhizammina spp. and Brizalina sp.. We also established a set of mathematical functions for analyzing the vertical foraminiferal distribution patterns, providing a quantitative tool that allows correlating the microfaunal density distributions with abiotic factors. In general, the cores that fit with pure exponential decaying functions were related to the oligotrophic conditions prevalent on the Brazilian margin and to the flow of the Brazilian Current (BC). Different foraminiferal responses were identified in cores located in higher productivity zones, such as the northern and the southern region of the study area, where high percentages of infauna were encountered in these cores, and the functions used to fit these profiles differ appreciably from a pure exponential function, as a response of the significant living fauna in deeper layers of the sediment. One of the main factors supporting the different foraminiferal assemblage responses may be related to the differences in primary productivity of the water column and, consequently, in the estimated carbon flux to the sea floor. Nevertheless, also bottom water velocities, substrate type and water depth need to be considered.

Effects of irrigation on water use and water use efficiency in two fast growing Eucalyptus plantations

Eucalyptus plantations occupy almost 20 million ha worldwide and exceed 3.7 million ha in Brazil alone. Improved genetics and silviculture have led to as much as a three-fold increase in productivity in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil and the large land area occupied by these highly productive ecosystems raises concern over their effect on local water supplies. As part of the Brazil Potential Productivity Project, we measured water use of Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla clones in rainfed and irrigated stands in two plantations differing in productivity. The Aracruz (lower productivity) site is located in the state of Espirito Santo and the Veracel (higher productivity) site in Bahia state. At each plantation, we measured stand water use using homemade sap flow sensors and a calibration curve using the clones and probes we utilized in the study. We also quantified changes in growth, leaf area and water use efficiency (the amount of wood produced per unit of water transpired). Measurements were conducted for 1 year during 2005 at Aracruz and from August through December 2005 at Veracel. Transpiration at both sites was high compared to other studies but annual estimates at Aracruz for the rainfed treatment compared well with a process model calibrated for the Aracruz site (within 10%). Annual water use at Aracruz was 1394 mm in rainfed treatments versus 1779 mm in irrigated treatments and accounted for approximately 67% and 58% of annual precipitation and irrigation inputs respectively. Increased water use in the irrigated stands at Aracruz was associated with higher sapwood area, leaf area index and transpiration per unit leaf area but there was no difference in the response of canopy conductance with air saturation deficit between treatments. Water use efficiency at the Aracruz site was also not influenced by irrigation and was similar to the rainfed treatment. During the period of overlapping measurements, the response to irrigation treatments at the more productive Veracel site was similar to Aracruz. Stand water use at the Veracel site totaled 975 mm and 1102 mm in rainfed and irrigated treatments during the 5-month measurement period respectively. Irrigated stands at Veracel also had higher leaf area with no difference in the response of canopy conductance with air saturation deficit between treatments. Water use efficiency was also unaffected by irrigation at Veracel. Results from this and other studies suggest that improved resource availability does not negatively impact water use efficiency but increased productivity of these plantations is associated with higher water use and should be given consideration during plantation management decision making processes aimed at increasing productivity. Published by Elsevier B.V.