IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DECORRENTES DE VAZAMENTO DE GÁS NATURAL DE BAIXA E MÉDIA PRESSÕES, NA ÁREA URBANA CENTRAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PAULO

Com a busca por fontes de energia alternativas, o gás natural vem adquirindo posicionamento de destaque por seu relativo baixo custo de aquisição ao consumidor final e por apresentar reduzidos impactos na implantação de dutovias, comparados com outras fontes de energia (hidroelétrica e fissão). O presente trabalho foi direcionado para a verificação de possíveis impactos oriundos de vazamentos em tubulações de gás em sua fase operacional. A área de estudo localiza-se no Município de São Paulo; sua escolha deve-se por apresentar tubulações centenárias que demandam constantes intervenções ou manutenções e pela fácil captação de amostras para análise. Foram amostrados 40 pontos e nestes analisados aspectos dos meios antrópico, biótico e físico-químico. O método adotado fundamentou-se na caracterização dos dutos de gás e sua manutenção, no diagnóstico ambiental, considerados os fatores ambientais solo, ar, flora, fauna, condições de vida da população e paisagem urbana, e posterior identificação de impactos, nas situações de alteração dos impactos ambientais. Os resultados demonstraram que qualquer vazamento de gás gera uma alteração em pelo menos um fator ambiental, denotando um impacto. Novas linhas de estudo são propostas como melhor análise químico-física do material exposto ao contaminante e reações químicas do odorante com o solo que teve contato.

Impactos de atividades de exploração de petróleo e gás natural sobre a comunicação acústica de Mysticeti (ordem Cetacea): uma revisão

Acoustic communication is essential in mammals and has three main functions: acquisition of information about the environment, intraspecific communication and detection of predators and prey. Studies indicate that the introduction of sounds produced by anthropogenic activities such as military exercises, use of sonar and activities related to the extraction of oil and natural gas can cause interference in cetacean communication. Recently, the discovery of pre-salt tends to increase these activities. After a decade since the launch date of IBAMA`s licensing and before the imminent increase in exploration activities in Brazil, it is essential to conduct studies to monitor closely the impact of this type of activity on the marine ecosystem. Thus, this study aims to identify potential impacts that the process of oil and natural gas exploration and production might have on the communication of baleen whales. Data from literature on bioacoustics and ecology of these animals were linked with technical-scientific data regarding this type of activity. 310 documents related to the topic were analyzed. Among them only 81 documents are of academic origin, and the others mostly action plans and reports from government agencies. 80% of the documents do not have any species as a focus, and in the remaining 20%, 17% were focused on the Greenland Whale (Balaena mysticetus) and 22% on the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). The main impacts identified in this study were the increased frequency and amplitude of vocalization, reduction or cessation of more elaborate songs and masking problems

Gasolina, gás natural e etanol: comparação dos principais impactos ambientais da produção ao consumo final

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Avaliação energética do ciclo de refrigeração por absorção utilizando biogás de aterros sanitários e gás natural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Gás natural no panorama brasileiro e um estudo de caso no setor automotivo

The intended purpose of this paper is to present the main aspects of natural gas applied to the public transportation as well as the environmental, economical and technical impacts in this sector. Also it is given specific information to be considered when comparing natural gas to other fuels, specially the diesel. At this point is presented the types of internal combustion engines (Otto and Diesel cycle) and which type is used in each vehicle. Moreover, it is presented the main standards pollutant emission (Euro, US and Proconve) with a brief explanation of the tests made in order to approve the engines. This paper is focused on heavy duty vehicles. Also in this paper is exposed the economic impact due to the natural gas use in the public transportation fleet. In addition is presented a real case (of Berlin) and an estimative to a Brazilian city, presenting the potential of natural gas as vehicular fuel in Brazil, as well as financial and environmental aspects of the substitution

Gás natural no panorama brasileiro e um estudo de caso no setor automotivo

The intended purpose of this paper is to present the main aspects of natural gas applied to the public transportation as well as the environmental, economical and technical impacts in this sector. Also it is given specific information to be considered when comparing natural gas to other fuels, specially the diesel. At this point is presented the types of internal combustion engines (Otto and Diesel cycle) and which type is used in each vehicle. Moreover, it is presented the main standards pollutant emission (Euro, US and Proconve) with a brief explanation of the tests made in order to approve the engines. This paper is focused on heavy duty vehicles. Also in this paper is exposed the economic impact due to the natural gas use in the public transportation fleet. In addition is presented a real case (of Berlin) and an estimative to a Brazilian city, presenting the potential of natural gas as vehicular fuel in Brazil, as well as financial and environmental aspects of the substitution