Quem somos nós?: ciência e mídia fabricando subjetividades

Nesta pesquisa tive como objetivo investigar o processo de fabricação de identidades na interseção dos discursos midiático e científico. Para tanto, elegi como fonte de material empírico reportagens da revista Superinteressante. Dentre as edições do ano de 2008 da revista foram selecionadas aquelas reportagens em que o discurso biológico consistia no argumento central para a produção de subjetividades. Duas foram as questões principais que orientaram o percurso investigativo: Que identidades são fabricadas a partir dos discursos biológicos veiculados por revistas de divulgação científica? Qual a produtividade social desses discursos? Analisei esta problemática com as ferramentas teóricas do pensamento de Michel Foucault, de alguns teóricos/as dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos Culturais da Ciência, para pensar na articulação saber/poder do processo de produção de subjetividades através da pedagogia cultural da mídia e para discutir o caráter contingente e as relações de poder presentes nos discursos biológicos. Neste estudo, a mídia é considerada como uma pedagogia cultural que ensina modos de ser e ver, regula condutas, naturaliza significados, e é ativamente envolvida na formação de identidades sociais. Por esse viés, discuto a natureza fabricada da subjetividade para pensarmos que os modos como vivemos nossas subjetividades e ocupamos posições-de-sujeito estão histórica e culturalmente condicionados. Partindo desses pressupostos teóricos, agrupei o material empírico em seis núcleos temáticos que respondem às questões de investigação. São eles: 1) Sujeito Moral, no qual a moralidade comparece como característica inata e universal ao humano; 2) Sujeito Instintivo, que define certos comportamentos sociais como sendo instintivos, frutos de uma suposta natureza humana; 3) “DNAtidade”, em que o discurso genético comparece como fator determinante na previsão do que são e de como viverão as pessoas; 4) Sujeito Psi, aborda como as subjetividades são enquadradas e administradas através da psicopatologização dos indivíduos; 5) Sujeito Generificado, em que os atributos de masculinidades e feminilidades aparecem de forma natural e essencializada em relação aos gêneros e 6) Sujeito Estético, no qual são definidos formas certas e naturalmente melhores de corpo. O conjunto dessas análises das identidades produzidas nos convida a tomarmos o discurso biológico/científico e outros discursos como construções sociais, históricas e culturais, uma discussão importante para a Educação em Ciências para questionarmos essas verdades que se tornam hegemônicas ao ensinarmos Ciências. Dar visibilidade à construção discursiva da identidade, às estratégias de interpelação e regulação possibilita-nos desconfiarmos daquilo que é repetidamente anunciado como natural, legítimo e aceitável para vivenciarmos nossas subjetividades, isso permite-nos participarmos nesse processo de construção e, portanto, inclui a possibilidade de posições de resistência em relação a discursos hegemônicos, isto é, não encararmos as identidades sociais como monolíticas e fixas. Essa é uma relevante questão a ser discutida na educação, a fim de gerar processos de transformações sociais, uma vez que, a maneira como vimos e somos vistos determina, em parte, o modo como tratamos e somos tratados nas relações sociais.

O gênero nas ciências da saúde: produção e reprodução de concepções sobre a diferença entre homens e mulheres

The historical and social process has built models of masculinity and femininity that culminate in standards and norms to be followed by individuals in their social interactions. In recent decades studies based on the discussions that originated in the feminist movement have been investigating how social institutions, including medicine and other health sciences, have established standards of masculinity and femininity throughout the history, nurturing this sexist discourse on common sense and sciences. Social roles are assigned to the genera specifying rigid boundaries of behavior and social control. The notion of the female predisposition to physical and emotional disorders has prompted speculation within academic strands culminating in the creation of specialized medical illness that would prevent the female, the male permeated by notions of endurance and strength has become synonymous of a healthy body, confirming the male domination and the economic and political role of men. This research concerned to study and investigate through semi-structured interviews and content analysis, conceptions of gender and the differences between men and women in reports of 11 health professionals. The results indicate that in large part the conceptions of health professionals reproduce the hegemonic discourse about what being a man and woman. Further research could investigate the relationship between women and men with health care as well the care provided by health professionals

Unfaithful narratives: methodological and affective notes about experiences of masculinity in a dating website for married people

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rap florido: reconhecimento artístico, amor e relações de gênero

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Men in Black: Fashioning Masculinity in Nineteenth-Century Spain

Clothes offer us a commentary on the individual who wears them, and one of those comments deals with gender. Clothing is fundamental to gender, turning male and female bodies into men and women. In the nineteenth century the preoccupation with appear- ances was greater than in previous periods thanks to changes in the social system and a reformulation of gender roles, as well as the popularity of physiognomic theory. Given this increased sensitivity to the gaze, it is curious that men would uniformly adopt the black suit as their garment of choice. This revolution in male fashion was born from contradic- tory motives. On the one hand, the man in black attempted to avoid the gaze so as not to be anyone’s object of desire. An exception to this rule was the elegante, for whom fashion was a way of life. The elegante became a frequent target of the satirical press, which ques- tioned his masculinity. On the other hand, the black suit came simbolize the power of the ascendant middle class because it recalled Spain’s most important monarchs, such as Carlos V and Felipe II. The black suit thus became a polysemic signifier, and the man who wore it attempted, impossibly, to be both the subject and object of the gaze.

Sexing the Male: Manifestations of Masculinity in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, and Villette

Abstract: This project considers Emily and Charlotte Brontë's constructions of masculinity in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, and Villette. There is a vast proliferation of scholarship focusing on gender in the Victorian Era, but as much of this criticism focuses on women, the analysis of heterosexual masculinity in these novels provides a unique perspective on the complexities involved in gender constructions during this period. Masculine identity was in a transitory state in the early nineteenth century, as Romantic values were replaced by Victorian conceptions of masculinity, largely influencing the expectations of men. This paper argues that based on an understanding of femininity and masculinity as defined in relation to each other, the Brontë heroes look to the female characters as a source of stability to define themselves against, constructing a stagnant feminine role to frame an understanding of how masculinity was changing. The female characters resist this categorization, however, never allowing the men to fully classify them into stable feminine roles, which leads both shifting gender roles to intertwine and collapse in the novels, undermining any conceptualization of a stable or universal understanding of gender. The paper considers the role of masculinity based in class, relationships with women, and the understanding of sexual passion, to argue that the Brontës' portrayal of men emulates the anxieties surrounding the shift from Romantic to Victorian values of manliness, ultimately rejecting any stable definition of the nineteenth-century man.

Early follicular testosterone level predicts preference for masculinity in male faces — But not for women taking hormonal contraception

It has been shown that women’s preference for masculinity in male faces changes across the menstrual cycle. Preference for masculinity is stronger when conception probability is high than when it is low. These findings have been linked to cyclic fluctuations of hormone levels. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate the link between gonadal steroids (i.e. testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone) and masculinity preference in women, while holding the cycle phase constant. Sixty-two female participants were tested in their early follicular cycle phase, when conception probability is low. Participants were shown face pairs and where asked to choose the more attractive face. Face pairs consisted of a masculinized and feminized version of the same face. For naturally cycling women we found a positive relationship between saliva testosterone levels and masculinity preference, but there was no link between any hormones and masculinity preference for women taking hormonal contraception. We conclude that in naturally cycling women early follicular testosterone levels are associated with masculinity preference. However, these hormonal links were not found for women with artificially modified hormonal levels, that is, for women taking hormonal contraception.