Experimental demonstration of real-time optical OFDM Transmission at 7.5 Gb/s over 25-km SSMF using a 1-GHz RSOA

The 7.5-Gb/s real-time end-to-end optical orthogonal frequency-division- multiplexing (OOFDM) transceivers incorporating variable power loading on each individual subcarrier are demonstrated experimentally using a live-optimized reflective semiconductor optical amplifier intensity modulator having a modulation bandwidth as narrow as 1 GHz. Real-time OOFDM signal transmission at 7.5 Gb/s over 25-km standard single-mode fiber is achieved across the $C$-band in simple intensity modulation and direct detection systems without in-line optical amplification and dispersion compensation. © 2006 IEEE.

Self-starting mode-locked femtosecond Ti : sapphire laser using saturable, Bragg reflector(SBR)

Stable self-starting mode-locking states in a compact Ti: sapphire laser incorporating a home-made SBR with low loss double quanturn-well and low temperature and surface state hybrid absorber are investigated experimentally. The three mode-locking states, i.e. the passive mode-locking with a saturable absorber, the solition mode-locking and the Kerr-lens mode-locking have been successfully demonstrated. In this laser, chirped mirrors are used for dispersion compensation, and the 18 fs pulses are produced from the Kerr-lens mode-locking at 4.5W pump power, and output power is 150mW.

Environmentally stable ytterbium figure-of-eight fiber laser producing 177-fs pulses

Pulses of 177 fs and 1035 nm, with average power of 1.2 mW, have been generated directly from a passively mode-locked Yb-doped figure-of-eight fiber laser, with a nonlinear optical loop mirror for mode-locking and pairs of diffraction gratings for intracavity dispersion compensation. To our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses ever to come from a passively mode-locked Yb-doped figure-of-eight fiber laser. This represents a 5-fold reduction in pulse duration compared with that of previously reported passively mode-locked Yb-doped figure-of-eight fiber lasers. Stable pulse trains are produced at the fundamental repetition rate of the resonator, 24.0 MHz. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Generation of 207-femtosecond pulses from a ytterbium figure-of-eight fibre laser

We report the generation of 207-fs pulses with 1.2mW average power at 1036 nm directly from a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fibre laser with a nonlinear optical loop mirror for mode-locking and pairs of diffraction gratings for intracavity dispersion compensation. These results imply a 4-fold reduction in pulse duration over previously reported figure-of-eight cavity passively mode-locked Yb-doped fibre lasers. Stable pulse trains are produced at the fundamental repetition rate of the resonator, 24.0MHz. On the other hand, this laser offers a cleaner spectrum and greater stability and is completely self-starting.

Low-timing-jitter, stretched-pulse passively mode-locked fiber laser with tunable repetition rate and high operation stability

We design a low-timing-jitter, repetition-rate-tunable, stretched-pulse passively mode-locked fiber laser by using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM), a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), and a tunable optical delay line in the laser configuration. Low-timing-jitter optical pulses are stably produced when a SESAM and a 0.16 m dispersion compensation fiber are employed in the laser cavity. By inserting a tunable optical delay line between NALM and SESAM, the variable repetition-rate operation of a self-starting, passively mode-locked fiber laser is successfully demonstrated over a range from 49.65 to 50.47 MHz. The experimental results show that the newly designed fiber laser can maintain the mode locking at the pumping power of 160 mW to stably generate periodic optical pulses with width less than 170 fs and timing jitter lower than 75 fs in the 1.55 mu m wavelength region, when the fundamental repetition rate of the laser is continuously tuned between 49.65 and 50.47 MHz. Moreover, this fiber laser has a feature of turn-key operation with high repeatability of its fundamental repetition rate in practice.

动态补偿的水下机器人路径规划

本文研究水下机器人在障碍位置未知条件下,进行路径规划的方法,使自治水下机器人以最短的行程距离,避开障碍,达到预定目标.针对变化的、复杂的海洋情况,本文采用动态与静态相结合、规划与控制相结合的手段,应用人工势场理论,引入距离误差做动态反馈补偿,实现全局规划控制.本文提出的这种适于自治水下机器人导航的动态路径规划-控制方法,可以解决障碍环境参数已知、未知的路径规划问题.仿真结果表明该方法具有较强的稳定性和适应性.

Voltage properties of optically injected long wavelength VCSELs: Theory and experiment

Future high speed communications networks will transmit data predominantly over optical fibres. As consumer and enterprise computing will remain the domain of electronics, the electro-optical conversion will get pushed further downstream towards the end user. Consequently, efficient tools are needed for this conversion and due to many potential advantages, including low cost and high output powers, long wavelength Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are a viable option. Drawbacks, such as broader linewidths than competing options, can be mitigated through the use of additional techniques such as Optical Injection Locking (OIL) which can require significant expertise and expensive equipment. This thesis addresses these issues by removing some of the experimental barriers to achieving performance increases via remote OIL. Firstly, numerical simulations of the phase and the photon and carrier numbers of an OIL semiconductor laser allowed the classification of the stable locking phase limits into three distinct groups. The frequency detuning of constant phase values (ø) was considered, in particular ø = 0 where the modulation response parameters were shown to be independent of the linewidth enhancement factor, α. A new method to estimate α and the coupling rate in a single experiment was formulated. Secondly, a novel technique to remotely determine the locked state of a VCSEL based on voltage variations of 2mV−30mV during detuned injection has been developed which can identify oscillatory and locked states. 2D & 3D maps of voltage, optical and electrical spectra illustrate corresponding behaviours. Finally, the use of directly modulated VCSELs as light sources for passive optical networks was investigated by successful transmission of data at 10 Gbit/s over 40km of single mode fibre (SMF) using cost effective electronic dispersion compensation to mitigate errors due to wavelength chirp. A widely tuneable MEMS-VCSEL was established as a good candidate for an externally modulated colourless source after a record error free transmission at 10 Gbit/s over 50km of SMF across a 30nm single mode tuning range. The ability to remotely set the emission wavelength using the novel methods developed in this thesis was demonstrated.

Estudo comparativo entre sistemas RoF com modulação directa e com modulação externa

O RoF (Radio over Fiber) é uma tecnologia que permite a transmissão de sinais rádio de elevada largura de banda, fornecida pela fibra óptica, e simultaneamente mantêm a característica de mobilidade das redes de comunicação móvel. Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objectivo estudar, simular e comparar sistemas RoF com modulação directa e com modulação externa, utilizando um sinal WiMAX, por ser uma tecnologia recente e com potencial de utilização futura. Desta forma foram avaliados três tipos de moduladores externos, sendo que o modulador EA (Electro-Absorption) é o que permite obter melhores valores de EVM e de SNR devido ao facto deste ter menores perdas de inserção na fibra. Da comparação entre o esquema com modulação directa e o esquema com modulação externa, é possível concluir que para larguras de banda mais baixas a utilização de modulação directa é mais eficiente que a modulação externa, mas à medida que a largura de banda aumenta a modulação externa apresenta claramente melhor desempenho. Isto deve-se ao facto de a modulação directa produzir mais chirp que a modulação externa, sendo que o chirp limita a largura de banda e o comprimento da fibra. De forma a melhorar o desempenho do sistema com modulação directa foi introduzido uma fibra com compensação de dispersão. Foi possível concluir que a utilização de fibra com compensação de dispersão é uma boa solução quando se pretende transmitir sinais de elevada largura de banda em esquemas com modulação directa.

Extensive Comparisons of Optical Fast-OFDM and Conventional Optical OFDM for Local and Access Networks

A performance comparison between a recently proposed novel technique known as fast orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (FOFDM) and conventional orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is undertaken over unamplified, intensity-modulated, and direct-detected directly modulated laser-based optical signals. Key transceiver parameters, such as the maximum achievable transmission capacity and the digital-to-analog/analog-to-digital converter (DAC/ADC) effects are explored thoroughly. It is shown that, similarly to conventional OFDM, the least complex and bandwidth efficient FOFDM can support up to similar to 20 Gb/s over 500 m worst-case multimode fiber (MMF) links having 3 dB effective bandwidths of similar to 200 MHz X km. For compensation of the DAC/ADC roll-off, a power-loading (PL) algorithm is adopted, leading to an FOFDM system improvement of similar to 4 dB. FOFDM and conventional OFDM give similar optimum DAC/ADC parameters over 500 m worst-case MMF, while over 50 km single-mode fiber a maximum deviation of only similar to 1 dB in clipping ratio is observed due to the imperfect chromatic dispersion compensation caused by one-tap equalizers.

Technique to combine images produced by different propagation modes of guided waves for damage detection and contrast improvement in plate-like structures

This paper describes an image compounding technique based on the use of different apodization functions, the evaluation of the signals phases and information from the interaction of different propagation modes of Lamb waves with defects for enhanced damage detection, resolution and contrast. A 16 elements linear array is attached to a 1 mm thickness isotropic aluminum plate with artificial defects. The array can excite the fundamental A0 and S0 modes at the frequencies of 100 kHz and 360 kHz, respectively. For each mode two synthetic aperture (SA) images with uniform and Blackman apodization and one image of Coherence Factor Map (CFM) are obtained. The specific interaction between each propagation mode and the defects and the characteristics of acoustic radiation patterns due to different apodization functions result in images with different resolution and contrast. From the phase information one of the SA images is selected at each pixel to compound the final image. The SA images are multiplied by the CFM image to improve contrast and for the dispersive A0 mode it is used a technique for dispersion compensation. There is a contrast improvement of 47.5 dB, reducing the dead zone and improving resolution and damage detection. © 2012 IEEE.

Método analítico para análise da estabilidade do gerador assíncrono através do monitoramento da tensão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mecanismos de movimentação animal embasados na memória espacial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inspeção de materiais compósitos utilizando ondas acústicas guiadas

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Sparse Signal Representation of Ultrasonic Signals for Structural Health Monitoring Applications

Assessment of the integrity of structural components is of great importance for aerospace systems, land and marine transportation, civil infrastructures and other biological and mechanical applications. Guided waves (GWs) based inspections are an attractive mean for structural health monitoring. In this thesis, the study and development of techniques for GW ultrasound signal analysis and compression in the context of non-destructive testing of structures will be presented. In guided wave inspections, it is necessary to address the problem of the dispersion compensation. A signal processing approach based on frequency warping was adopted. Such operator maps the frequencies axis through a function derived by the group velocity of the test material and it is used to remove the dependence on the travelled distance from the acquired signals. Such processing strategy was fruitfully applied for impact location and damage localization tasks in composite and aluminum panels. It has been shown that, basing on this processing tool, low power embedded system for GW structural monitoring can be implemented. Finally, a new procedure based on Compressive Sensing has been developed and applied for data reduction. Such procedure has also a beneficial effect in enhancing the accuracy of structural defects localization. This algorithm uses the convolutive model of the propagation of ultrasonic guided waves which takes advantage of a sparse signal representation in the warped frequency domain. The recovery from the compressed samples is based on an alternating minimization procedure which achieves both an accurate reconstruction of the ultrasonic signal and a precise estimation of waves time of flight. Such information is used to feed hyperbolic or elliptic localization procedures, for accurate impact or damage localization.

Optimising transmission capacity: long distance and terrestrial applications

This paper identifies the important limiting processes in transmission capacity for amplified soliton systems. Some novel control techniques are described for optimizing this capacity. In particular, dispersion compensation and phase conjugation are identified as offering good control of jitter without the need for many new components in the system. An advanced average soliton model is described and demonstrated to permit large amplifier spacing. The potential for solitons in high-dispersion land-based systems is discussed and results are presented showing 10 Gbit s$^{-1}$ transmission over 1000 km with significant amplifier spacing.