Contenciones mecánicas en geriatría: propuestas técnicas y recomendaciones de uso en el ámbito social

The bibliographical revision of national gerontological literature reveals some confusion in the use of terms that refer to mechanical contentions, lack of dialogue with regards to ethical conflicts that suggest their use, a significant generalization of the claims against and the absence of positive references despite its high prevalence as shown by some authors. This paper presents some technical proposals on the definition, the use of terms and the use of mechanical contentions in the social sphere such as putting the ethical dialogue before the argumentation based on the prevalence, define them in terms of their intent, agree on a classification of the different contention methods, identify the types and levels of risk and intervene specifically and in terms thereof. Finally, recommendations are added with regards to risks, the decision process, prescription and the withdrawal process.

1ère journée vaudoise des pratiques infirmières en psychiatrie: actes des interventions

Introduction / Jean-Michel Kaision - Pratique de centre thérapeutique de jour / Yves Donon ... [et al.] - La contention interrogée / Didier Camus, Yves Cossy - Modèle de soins par référent / Catherine Matter, Jean-Bernard Moreillon - Soins en milieu carcéral / Joaquin Lopez - Groupes thérapeutiques d'affirmation de soi / Clarisse Waller, Aziz Salamat

The political ecology of weeds : a scalar approach to landscape transformations

How do plants that move and spread across landscapes become branded as weeds and thereby objects of contention and control? We outline a political ecology approach that builds on a Lefebvrian understanding of the production of space, identifying three scalar moments that make plants into 'weeds' in different spatial contexts and landscapes. The three moments are: the operational scale, which relates to empirical phenomena in nature and society; the observational scale, which defines formal concepts of these phenomena and their implicit or explicit 'biopower' across institutional and spatial categories; and the interpretive scale, which is communicated through stories and actions expressing human feelings or concerns regarding the phenomena and processes of socio-spatial change. Together, these three scalar moments interact to produce a political ecology of landscape transformation, where biophysical and socio-cultural processes of daily life encounter formal categories and modes of control as well as emotive and normative expectations in shaping landscapes. Using three exemplar 'weeds' - acacia, lantana and ambrosia - our political ecology approach to landscape transformations shows that weeds do not act alone and that invasives are not inherently bad organisms. Humans and weeds go together; plants take advantage of spaces and opportunities that we create. Human desires for preserving certain social values in landscapes in contradiction to actual transformations is often at the heart of definitions of and conflicts over weeds or invasives.

Les artistes visuels au Yémen, du soutien à la contestation de l'ordre politique

Cette thèse appréhende les rapports au politique des artistes visuels yéménites dans un contexte de domination, recouvrant trois États (les deux républiques qui précédent l'unification du Yémen et la république actuelle créée en 1990, jusqu'en 2015). En étudiant la domination en acte à travers une démarche ethnographique, ce travail interroge les conditions de production et d'action des artistes en soutien ou en contestation au régime, comme au cours du moment révolutionnaire de 2011. On observe ainsi le processus de politisation des mondes de l'art au Yémen contemporain, processus compris en tant qu'acquisition d'une signification politique par la pratique artistique et par les réseaux de relations entretenus par les artistes visuels. Ces requalifications de leur travail ou de leurs actions se font dans un contexte traversé par des luttes concurrentielles pour la répartition du pouvoir, aussi bien internes et propres à leurs mondes d'activité, qu'externes et en relation à l'espace politique institutionnel. La politisation des mondes de l'art apparaît dès lors moins comme un instrument d'accès à cet espace qu'une voie pour accéder à plus de visibilité, à la reconnaissance, et à un meilleur positionnement dans les rapports agonistiques qui configurent ces mondes. -- This thesis focuses on the study of Yemeni visual artists' relation to politics in a context of domination, covering three States (the two republics that precede Yemen's unification and the current republic established in 1990, until 2015). Studying domination in action througli an ethnographic approach, this work questions artists' conditions of production and of action in support to or in contestation of the regime- as in the case of the revolutionary period of 2011. It observes the politicization of art worlds in contemporary Yemen, a process understood as the acquisition of a political significance as observed in the artistic practice and in the dynamic networks that artists maintain. The requalification and reclassification of their work and their actions that results from the politicization of art worlds, takes place in a context of competitive struggles over distribution and access to sites of power. Such conflict over power occurs within their own worlds of activity as well as outside them and in relation to the domain of institutional politics. This thesis contends that the politicization of art worlds is more of a means to access visibility and recognition than a resource to participate in the political field. Through the politicization of art, artists are able to better position themselves within the agonistic relations that exist within art worlds.

Inertization of small-scale chemical wastes using iron phosphate glass

The viability of small-scale heavy-metal waste immobilization into iron phosphate glasses was investigated. Several waste forms containing different amounts of heavy-ion wastes were evaluated (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 26%, 33%, 40% and 50% by mass) and their X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that no crystallization occurred in glasses with waste concentrations up to 26%. The dissolution rates for all of the reported glass compositions (ca. 10-8 g cm-2 min-1) are similar to those reported for the materials most commonly used for waste vitrification. Iron phosphate glasses thus proved to be very useful for the immobilization of heavy-metal wastes, exhibiting good contention and chemical durability comparable to that of borosilicate glasses.

Energy expenditure in vocalizations of pigs under stress

Modern swine production faces many challenges nowadays, among which are productivity growth, meat quality improvement, decrease of environmental damage and reduction of cost production. Pigs spend energy to vocalizing, especially when they undergo stress. The waste of energy can increase the cost of production and lead to greater environmental damage. The goal of this study was to estimate the energy spent by pigs under the stress of castration and its effect on the animals' weight gain. Two groups of ten animals each were castrated, being one group with local anesthetic and the other without anesthetic. The piglets' vocalizations were recorded during different stages of the neutering process and then estimated of the amount of energy emitted during each vocalization. Afterwards, this energy was associated with the animals' weight gain. There was no difference in the total energy spent in both groups, since the energy used during the application of anesthetic was similar to the energy spent during the castration of the animals without anesthetic. There was also no correlation between energy spent and the animals' weight gain. It was possible to estimate the amount of energy emitted through vocalization. This energy spent by piglets in pain was greater than in other handling situations (contention, weighting and realease).

Uusia tulkintoja maailmanhistorian pahimmasta nälänhädästä

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Recueil de copies de pièces.

Contient : 1 « Pouvoir [donné par FRANÇOIS II] à messieurs de Sipierre et de Carnavalet, de gouverneurs generaux des personnes de messeigneurs les ducs d'Orleans, d'Engoulesme et d'Anjou, freres du roy et superintendans de leur maison... Donné à Moustiers sur Saulx, le quatriesme jour d'octobre mille cinq cents cinquante neuf » ; 2 « Epistola VIDI FABRI PIBRACII ad Carolum, Lotharingium cardinalem, 1559 ». En latin ; 3 « Vita Caroli noni, Galliae regis » ; 4 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] au parlement, pour deputer deux presidens pour se trouver en l'hostel episcopal de Paris pour assister en une assemblée qui s'y debvoit tenir, et lever la contention entre le prevost de Paris et le prevost des marchands... 1561 » ; 5 « Memoires de monsieur l'evesque de Limoges... SEBASTIEN DE LAUBESPINE,... ambassadeur pour le roy en Espagne. 1 octobre 1561 » ; 6 « Lettre de LOUYS DE BOURBON, prince DE CONDE, au roy de Navarre... D'Orleans, ce XIIIe jour de juin 1562 » ; 7 « Lettre de... LOUYS DE BOURBON,... à la royne... Escrit à Orleans, ce XIIIe jour de juin 1562 » ; 8 « Advertissement sur l'execution de l'edict par lequel l'année doit commencer le 1 janvier 1563 » ; 9 « Remonstrance au roy par les Estats de France », pour s'« opposer à la tyrannie de ceux de Guise » ; 10 « Vente du temporel des ecclesiastiques, edict du roy CHARLES [IX], donné à Sainct Germain en Laye, ou moys de may, l'an de grace mille cinq cents soixante trois » ; 11 « Lettre de RENEE DE FRANCE à Jean Calvin. Escrite à Montargis, le 21 mars 1563 » ; 12 « Partage que le connestable de Montmorency entend estre gardé par ses enfans en la succession de ses terres et seigneuries, et autres biens. A Paris, 21 janvier 1563 ». Suivi de la ratification dudit partage, donnée par les héritiers du connétable « au chastel de Chantilly, le huictieme jour de juin mille cinq cents soixante huict » ; 13 « Bulla sanctissimi domini PII???, divina providentia papae IV, super forma juramenti professionis fidei... Datum Romae, apud Sanctum Petrum, anno Incarnationis dominicae millesimo quingentesimo sexagesimo quarto, idibus novembris » ; 14 « Fausseté de deux gentilshommes normands??? contre un conseiller du parlement de Rouen. Mars??? 1564 » ; 15 « Deputez de par le roy [Charles IX] pour la conference de Calais avec la royne d'Angleterre, l'an 1565 » ; 16 « L'Histoire du diable de Laon. De Laon, ce 8 febvrier 1565 » ; 17 « Arrest d'innocence de monsieur l'admiral de Chastillon de la mort de monsieur de Guise. 29 janvier 1566 » ; 18 « Serment faict par le roy, la royne, messieurs les ducs d'Anjou et d'Alençon, et autres princes, seigneurs et mareschaux de France, d'observer et faire observer les articles de la paix, l'an 1570, 5 aoust » ; 19 « Passeport du roy pour madame l'admirale... 1571, 24 septembre » ; 20 « Conclusion du procureur general BOURDIN contre monsieur le cardinal de Chastillon, environ l'an 1566 » ; 21 « Remonstrance au roy et à son conseil, par monsieur le cardinal DE LORRAINE, l'an 1566, 12 janvier » ; 22 « Propos fascheux tenus au conseil, entre le cardinal de Lorraine et le chancelier de L'Hospital, l'an 1566 » ; 23 « Narré??? de ce qui se passa au conseil du roy tenu à Moulins, entre le cardinal de Lorraine et le chancelier de L'Hospital, l'an 1566, mars » ; 24 « Lettre du sieur DE FORQUEVAUX, ambassadeur du roy en Espagne, l'an 1566, 4 aoust » ; 25 « Lettres patentes du roy... CHARLES [IX]... touchant le procureur general de la royne, sa mere, et ses droicts et prerogatives, et que tous les officiers des terres de l'assignat de ladicte dame s'intituleront officiers du roy et de ladicte dame. A S. Germain, 25 may 1566 » ; 26 « Arrest de la cour de parlement, touchant les prerogatives du procureur general de la royne, mere du roy. Du mercredy 24 juillet 1566 » ; 27 « Autre Arrest de ladicte cour touchant ledict procureur general de la royne. Du vendredy XVI aoust 1566 » ; 28 « Traicté faict par le roy CHARLES IX avec Jean des Galans, Sr de Pezeroles, qui promettoit audit seigneur roy de transmuer tous metaux imparfaicts en fin or et argent. 5 novembre 1567 » ; 29 Octroi au roi Charles IX par la cour de parlement des « deniers des consignations... Du mardy 30 et dernier septembre 1567 » ; 30 Lettres patentes du roi « CHARLES » IX, ordonnant remise au commis à la trésorerie de l'Épargne, « maistre Pierre Defite », de tous les « deniers consignez en tous et chase???uns les greffes de la ville de Paris et autres jurisdictions quelsconques, tant royales que subalternes... Donné à Paris, le vingt neufe jour de septembre, l'an de grace mille cinq cents soixante sept » ; 31 « Lettres patentes par lesquelles le roy CHARLES IX institue son frere, le duc d'Anjou, son lieutenant general representant sa personne par tout son royaume. 12 novembre 1567 » ; 32 « Serment des associez de la ligue chrestienne et royale, l'an 1568, le 25 juin » ; 33 « Arrest de la cour du jeudy XVI novembre 1570 », en suite des lettres par lesquelles « le roy descharge les villages d'autour [la] ville » de « Paris pour autant qu'il se verra qu'ils auront esté rançonnez par les soldats de sa garde qui ont logé auxdicts villages, l'an 1570 » ; 34 « Harangue du roy CHARLES IX, faicte à sa cour de parlement, [le] 12 mars 1571 », touchant « la reformation des abus qui se commettent » dans l'administration de la justice ; 35 « Brevet du roy CHARLES IX pour le rang de monsieur le duc de Longueville ». 5 avril 1571 ; 36 « Confirmation dudict brevet du roy, par monsieur le duc d'Anjou, frere dudict seigneur roy. 16 octobre 1575 » ; 37 « Lettres patentes du roy CHARLES IX, pour le rang de duc de Longueville,... Duretal, decembre 1571 » ; 38 « Lettre du roy à Mr de Ferrals, son ambassadeur pres le pape, du 19 janvier 1572 » ; 39 « Extraict d'une lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] au sieur de Ferrals, du 7 febvrier 1572 » ; 40 « Memoire baillé à monsieur le legat Alexandrin, retournant à Rome », touchant principalement « le droict de nomination » du roi « sur les benefices consistoriaux estans es provinces de son royaume, que l'on pretend estre en obedience et non specifiés dans les concordats d'entre le St siege apostolique et Sadicte Majesté... Febvrier 1572 » ; 41 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monsieur de Ferrals, du dernier juillet 1572 » ; 42 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monseigneur le cardinal de Lorraine. Dernier juillet 1572 » ; 43 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monseigneur de Ferrals. Du 24 aoust 1572 » ; 44 « Instruction pour le Sr de Beauvillé, allant vers Sa Sainteté. Du 24 aoust 1572 » ; 45 « Lettre de la royne JEANNE D'ALBRET, escrite au feu roy Henry IVe, son fils. A Blois, le 8 mars 1572 » ; 46 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monsieur de Schombert, son ambassadeur pres des princes Alemans, touchant la mort de l'admiral de Chastillon, l'an 1572 » ; 47 « Lettre au roy, touchant le refus de l'electeur de Saxe d'entrer en ligue avec Sa Majesté, à cause de la journée de Saint Barthelemy. Ratenaw, 9 octobre 1572 » ; 48 « Lettre à monsieur Brulart sur le mesme subjet de la precedente. Dudict lieu de Ratenaw, le 10 octobre 1572 » ; 49 « Lettre à monsieur de Limoges. Du mesme lieu de Ratenaw, 1572 » ; 50 « Arrest rendu par la cour de parlement de Dole, au comté de Bourgongne, contre Gilles Garnier, natif de Lion, attaint et convaincu d'avoir, soubs la forme de loup garou, estranglé plusieurs enfans... 18 janvier 1573 » ; 51 « Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] à monsieur de Schomberg, en Alemagne, touchant l'eslection de son frere, le duc d'Anjou,??? pour roy de Polongne, 17 mars 1573 » ; 52 « Autre Lettre du roy [CHARLES IX] audict sieur de Schomberg, son ambassadeur pres les princes d'Alemagne. Du 21 apvril 1573 » ; 53 « Extraict de la lettre que la roine mere a escrit audict sieur de Schomberg. Dudict jour, XXIe apvril 1573 » ; 54 « Lettres patentes du roy CHARLES IX, en faveur du roy de Polongne, son frere, pour succeder à la couronne de France, quoyqu'absent, lors du decez dudict roy Charles sans enfans masles, le 10 septembre 1573 » ; 55 « Coppie du brevet dudict roy CHARLES, en faveur d'iceluy roy de Polongne. A Paris, le 22 d'aoust 1573 »

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre de « F[RANÇOIS], cardinal DE TOURNON,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare » ; 2 Lettre de « F[RANÇOIS], cardinal DE TOURNON,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... De Cologne, ce XIIIIe de febvrier » ; 3 Mémoire pour le sieur et la dame de Rochefort, contre le procureur général des eaux et forêts de Romorantin. 1528 ; 4 Lettre de « F[RANÇOIS], cardinal DE TOURNON,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... Escript à Paris, ce XXVme de may » ; 5 Lettre de CLAUDE « DODIEU [DE VELLY]... à Madame... Escript à Lyon, le premier jour de juillet » ; 6 Lettre de « FRANÇOIS DE MONTHOLON,... à madame... la duchesse de Chartres,... A Paris, ce cinqiesme octobre » ; 7 Lettre de PHILIBERT « BABOU » à « monseigneur d'Alluye et de Burye, tresorier de France... Escript de Meaulx, ce XXIIIe jour de septembre » ; 8 Dépêche, en latin, concernant les affaires d'Allemagne. « Colonia, XX martii 1573 » ; 9 Lettre de « Mr DE LORGES,... à monseigneur... le duc de Nevers,... A Lorges... ce XXIIIIe. mars... 1555 » ; 10 Lettre de « LEPREVOST,... à... messieurs de Gonnor et de Chaulne,... intendans [des] finances... De Teracie, ce XXIIIIme decembre 1581 » ; 11 Lettre de « LECONTE,... à monseigneur... de Gonnort,... De Rouen, ce mercredi matin IIIIe de novembre 1562 » ; 12 Lettre de « LECONTE,... à monseigneur... de Gonnort,... De Rouen, ce vendredi matin XXXe d'octobre 1562 » ; 13 Lettre de « LECONTE,... à monseigneur... de Gonnord,... De Rouen, ce samedi derrenier jour d'octobre 1562 » ; 14 Lettre de « LECONTE,... [Sr] DE VOYSVILIER,... à monseigneur... de Gonnor,... De Bourges, ce diemenche VIe jour de septembre » ; 15 Lettre de « HAZEN, F. CAVELIER, LIEVIN, gouverneur et eschevins de la ville de Meaulx... à monseigneur de Gonnor,... De Meaulx, ce IIIIe jour de septembre 1562 » ; 16 Lettre de « LECONTE,... [Sr] DE VOYSVILLIER,... à monseigneur... de Gonnor,... De St Just en Berry, ce mardi au soir premier jour de septembre 1562 » ; 17 Lettre de « LECONTE,... à monseigneur... de Gonnort,... De Chartres, ce lundi XIe jour de janvier 1562 » ; 18 Lettre de « LECONTE,... à monseigneur... de Gonnort,... De Neauphle l'Abbaye, ce jeudi matin VIe d'aoust 1562 » ; 19 Lettre de « LECONTE,... [Sr] DE VOYSVILIER,... à monseigneur... de Gonnort,... De Chartres, ce vendredi au soir XVe de janvier 1562 » ; 20 Lettre de « LECONTE,... [Sr] DE VOYSVILIER,... à monseigneur... de Gonnor,... De Bourges, ce jeudi matin IIIe de septembre 1562 » ; 21 Lettre de « LECONTE,... [Sr] DE VOYSVILIER,... à monseigneur... de Gonnort,... De Sr Just en Berry, ce samedi XXIIe jour d'aoust 1562 » ; 22 Lettre de « LECONTE,... à monseigneur... de Gonnort,... De Chartres, ce lundi XVIIIe jour de janvier 1562 » ; 23 Supplique adressée à l'Empereur par les députés du cercle électoral de Franconie et du Rhin supérieur réunis à la diète de Worms, 7 mars 1573. Pièce en allemand. Copie ; 24 Lettre de PHILIBERT « BABOU,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare et de Chartres,... De Paris, ce XXIIIIe jour de janvyer » ; 25 Procuration du souverain pontife pour l'administration de Rome en cas d'absence. Pièce en latin. Copie ; 26 Donation faite par « RENEE DE ERANCE,... duchesse de Ferrare », à sa fille « Leonor d'Est ». Minute ; 27 Donation faite par « RENEE DE FRANCE,... duchesse de Ferrare », à sa fille « Anne d'Est,... femme... de... Jacques de Savoye, duc de Genevoys et de Nemours ». Minute ; 28 Minute d'une lettre de RENEE DE FRANCE, duchesse de Ferrare, « à mon filz... le prince d'Urbin,... De Montargis, ce XV avril 1570 » ; 29 Minute d'une lettre, en italien, de RENEE DE FRANCE, duchesse de Ferrare, « all' illustrissima... sorella mia, la Sra duchessa d'Urbino,... Di Montargis, alli XV aprile 1570 » ; 30 Minute d'une lettre, en italien, de RENEE DE FRANCE, duchesse de Ferrare, à « monsor il vueschovo di Siniguaglia... Di Montargis, alli XV aprille 1570 » ; 31 Minute d'une lettre, en italien, de RENEE DE FRANCE, duchesse de Ferrare, « à monsor di Siniguaglia,... Di Montargis, alli XV aprile 1570 » ; 32 « Instructions que monsigneur le duc DE NEMOURS donne au Sr de Montferrand ». Minute ; 33 Mémoire présenté au conseil du roi par les seigneurs des cinq baronnies du Perche Gouet et les vassaux de la justice temporelle de l'abbaye de Bonneval, demandant à ressortir de la juridiction de Chartres ; 34 Donation faite par « RENEE DE FRANCE,... duchesse de Ferrare », à sa fille « Leonor d'Est ». Minute ; 35 Donation faite par « RENEE DE FRANCE,... duchesse de Ferrare », à sa fille « Lucresse d'Este,... femme... de... Francisque Maria, filz et heritier du... duc d'Urbin ». Minute ; 36 Donation faite par « RENEE DE FRANCE,... duchesse de Ferrare », à ses filles « Anne, Lucresse et Leonor d'Est ». Minute ; 37 « Articles proposés à monseigneur le prince de Nemours,... pour les mines de Genevois ». Minute ; 38 Mémoire relatif au « traité de la vente de Montargis » et à l'intérêt qu'y ont les dues de Nemours, de Guise et du Maine. Minute ; 39 « Memoire... pour servir d'instruction en la contention que monseigneur [de Nemours] a pour les chasses avecq monsieur de Souvray, capitaine des chasses de Fontainebleau ». Minute ; 40 « Double de l'estat des navires que le Sr de Fors fera tenir prestz pour le voyage de monseigneur de Guyse » ; 41 « Distribution et consommation des pouldrés faicte au camp du roy estant au Lyonnois, depuis l'arrivée de monseigneur le duc de Nemours, lieutenant general de ladicte armée et par ses ordonnances... Ce troisiesme may M.V.C. soixante trois » ; 42 Mémoire sur l'organisation et la discipline de l'armée ; 43 « L'Ordre qui semble que les mareschaux de camp de l'armée de monseigneur doibvent tenir et le pouvoir qu'ilz doibvent avoir pour la police » ; 44 Lettre de « DU MONTERUC,... à monsieur... de Prye,... lieutenant de la compaignie de monsieur le marquis de Vilars,... De Tours, ce IIIe d'octobre 1567 » ; 45 Traité de paix entre le roi « Charles » IX et les huguenots. « Faict à Angers, le IIIIe jour de febvrier 1570 ». Copie

From Fordism to neoconservatism : free trade and Canadian industrial policy in an era of globalism /

Nothing today affects the lives of people in countries throughout the industrialized and developing world as much as international trade. Nowhere is this more true than in Canada. Canada's involvement in international trade has a long history dating back to 1854 when it was a British colony. As a major trading country, Canada has always adopted a proactive industrial policy which has been largely responsible for its relative economic prosperi ty. But, wi th businesses now free to invest and divest under the terms of the CUFTA and the NAFTA, the most fundamental concerns for Canadians, in a borderless world, are what powers will the Canadian government have to shape industrial policy, and to what extent can Canada continue as a viable nationstate if it can no longer control its national economy? These are important concerns because, in world without borders, the adjustment process becomes more volatile and more difficult to manage. The CUFTA and the NAFTA not only create the rules for conducting trade, but they also establish a set of new rules for the Canadian government that will diminish its power. As a member of a new North American trading bloc, Canada will find itself subject to a set of forces requiring analysis beyond participation in a conventional free trade area. Because many of the traditional levers of government will now be subject to external control imposed by these agreements, Canada will not be able to mount certain policies in the future that it has relied on in the past. This reality limits the pro-active role of the Canadian state to use policies and programmes for the country's immediate national development. What this thesis attempts is an examination of the evolution of Canadian industrial policy, in effect, the transi tion from Fordism to Neoconservatism, and an assessment of Canada's future as a nation-state as it tries to find security and improved access in a free trade arrangement. Unless Canada takes steps to neutralize the asymmetry of power between itself and the United States through adjustment programmes, it is the contention of this thesis that its economic future is anything but stable.

Emergence of normative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour in adolescents : the roles of monitoring, attachment, and temperament /

Beliefs about the rightness or wrongness of engaging in various antisocial acts, referred to here as nonnative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour (nblab), have been shown to playa role in the emergence oflater antisocial behaviour. The current study represented an attempt to understand whether parental monitoring and parent-child attachment have differential relationships with these antisocial nonnative beliefs in adolescents of different temperaments. The participants, 7135 adolescents in 25 high schools (ages 10- 18 years, M = 15.7) completed a wide-ranging questionnaire as part of the broad Youth Lifestyle Choices - Community University Research Alliance project, whose goal is to identify and describe the major developmental pathways of risk behaviours and resilience in youth. Two aspects of monitoring (monitoring knowledge and surveillance/tracking), attachment security, and two measures of temperament (activity level and approach) were examined for main effects and in interactions as predictors of adolescent nonnative beliefs. All of these measures were based on adolescent self-ratings on either 3- or 4-point Likert-type scales. Several important results emerged from the study. Males were higher than females in nblab; parental monitoring knowledge and adolescent attachment security were negatively related to nblab; and temperamental activity level was positively related. Monitoring knowledge, the strongest of the predictors, was much more strongly related to nonnative beliefs than was parental surveillance/tracking, supporting the contention that it is how much parents actually know, and not their surveillance efforts, that predict adolescent nonnative beliefs. A surprising finding that is of the utmost importance was that, although several of the interactions tested were significant, none were considered to be of a meaningful magnitude (defined as sr^ > .01). The current study supported the suggestion that normative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour are multiply determined, and the results were discussed with respect to the observed differential relations of parental monitoring, parent-child attachment, temperament, age, and gender to antisocial normative beliefs in adolescents. Also discussed were the need to test other parenting, temperament, and other variables that may be involved in the development of nblab; the need to directly test possible mechanisms explaining the links among the variables; and the usefulness of longitudinal research in determining possible directions of causality and developmental changes in the relationships.

Desire and the paths of recognation [sic] in Hegel's intersubjectivity

This thesis poses two fundamental issues regarding Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity. Firstly, it examines Kojeve's problematic interpretation of Hegelian intersubjectivity as being solely rooted in the dialectic of lordship and bondage. It is my contention that Kojeve conflates the concepts of recognition {Anerkennung) with that of desire (Begierde), thereby reducing Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity to a violent reduction of the other to the same. This is so despite the plenary of examples Hegel uses to define intersubjectivity as the mutual (reciprocal) recognition between the self and the other. Secondly, it examines Hegel's use of Sophocles' Antigone to demonstrate the notion of the individual par excellence. I contend that Hegel's use of Antigone opens a new methodological framework through which to view his philosophy of intersubjectivity. It is Antigone that demonstrates the upheaval of an economy of exchange between the self and the other, whereby the alterity of the other transcends the self Ultimately, Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity must be reexamined, not only to dismiss Kojeve's problematic interpretation, but also to pose the possibility that Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity can viably account for a philosophy of the other that has a voice in contemporary philosophical debate.

An investigation of the nature and role of historicality in the thought of Dilthey and Heidegger

Introduction The question of the meaning, methods and philosophical manifestations of history is currently rife with contention. The problem that I will address in an exposition of the thought of Wilhelm Dilthey and Martin Heidegger, centers around the intersubjectivity of an historical world. Specifically, there are two interconnected issues. First, since all knowledge occurs to a person from within his or her historical age how can any person in any age make truth claims? In order to answer this concern we must understand the essence and role of history. Yet how can we come to an individual understanding ofwhat history is when the meanings that we use are themselves historically enveloped? But can we, we who are well aware of the knowledge that archaeology has dredged up from old texts or even from 'living' monuments of past ages, really neglect to notice these artifacts that exist within and enrich our world? Charges of wilful blindness would arise if any attempt were made to suggest that certain things of our world did not come down to us from the past. Thus it appears more important 2 to determine what this 'past' is and therefore how history operates than to simply derail the possibility for historical understanding. Wilhelm Dilthey, the great German historicist from the 19th century, did not question the existence of historical artifacts as from the past, but in treating knowledge as one such artifact placed the onus on knowledge to show itself as true, or meaningful, in light ofthe fact that other historical periods relied on different facts and generated different truths or meanings. The problem for him was not just determining what the role of history is, but moreover to discover how knowledge could make any claim as true knowledge. As he stated, there is a problem of "historical anarchy"!' Martin Heidegger picked up these two strands of Dilthey's thought and wanted to answer the problem of truth and meaning in order to solve the problem of historicism. This problem underscored, perhaps for the first time, that societal presuppositions about the past and present oftheir era are not immutable. Penetrating to the core of the raison d'etre of the age was an historical reflection about the past which was now conceived as separated both temporally and attitudinally from the present. But further than this, Heidegger's focus on asking the question of the meaning of Being meant that history must be ontologically explicated not merely ontically treated. Heidegger hopes to remove barriers to a genuine ontology by II 1 3 including history into an assessment ofprevious philosophical systems. He does this in order that the question of Being be more fully explicated, which necessarily for him includes the question of the Being of history. One approach to the question ofwhat history is, given the information that we get from historical knowledge, is whether such knowledge can be formalized into a science. Additionally, we can approach the question of what the essence and role of history is by revealing its underlying characteristics, that is, by focussing on historicality. Thus we will begin with an expository look at Dilthey's conception of history and historicality. We will then explore these issues first in Heidegger's Being and Time, then in the third chapter his middle and later works. Finally, we shall examine how Heidegger's conception may reflect a development in the conception of historicality over Dilthey's historicism, and what such a conception means for a contemporary historical understanding. The problem of existing in a common world which is perceived only individually has been philosophically addressed in many forms. Escaping a pure subjectivist interpretation of 'reality' has occupied Western thinkers not only in order to discover metaphysical truths, but also to provide a foundation for politics and ethics. Many thinkers accept a solipsistic view as inevitable and reject attempts at justifying truth in an intersubjective world. The problem ofhistoricality raises similar problems. We 4 -. - - - - exist in a common historical age, presumably, yet are only aware ofthe historicity of the age through our own individual thoughts. Thus the question arises, do we actually exist within a common history or do we merely individually interpret this as communal? What is the reality of history, individual or communal? Dilthey answers this question by asserting a 'reality' to the historical age thus overcoming solipsism by encasing individual human experience within the historical horizon of the age. This however does nothing to address the epistemological concern over the discoverablity of truth. Heidegger, on the other hand, rejects a metaphysical construel of history and seeks to ground history first within the ontology ofDasein, and second, within the so called "sending" of Being. Thus there can be no solipsism for Heidegger because Dasein's Being is necessarily "cohistorical", Being-with-Others, and furthermore, this historical-Being-in-the-worldwith- Others is the horizon of Being over which truth can appear. Heidegger's solution to the problem of solipsism appears to satisfy that the world is not just a subjective idealist creation and also that one need not appeal to any universal measures of truth or presumed eternal verities. Thus in elucidating Heidegger's notion of history I will also confront the issues ofDasein's Being-alongside-things as well as the Being of Dasein as Being-in-the-world so that Dasein's historicality is explicated vis-a-vis the "sending of Being" (die Schicken des S eins).

Multinational drug corporations, intellectual property rights and the Canadian state : a historical and critical analysis

This study critically analyzes the historical role and influence of multinational drug cotpOrations and multinational corporations in general; the u.s. government and the Canadian state in negotiating the global recognition ofIntellectual Property Rights (IPR) under GATT/NAFTA. This process began in 1969 when the Liberal government, in response to high prices for brand-name drugs amended the Patent Act to introduce compulsory licensing by reducing monopoly protection from 20 to seven years. Although the financial position ofthe multinational drug industry was not affected, it campaigned vigorously to change the 1969 legislation. In 1987, the Patent Act was amended to extend protection to 10 years as a condition for free trade talks with the u.s. Nonetheless, the drug industry was not satisfied and accused Canada of providing a bad example to other nations. Therefore, it continued to campaign for global recognition ofIPR laws under GATT. Following the conclusion of the GATTI Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement (TRIPS) in 1991, the multinational drug industry and the American government, to the surprise of many, were still not satisfied and sought to implement harsher conditions under NAFTA. The Progressive Conservative government readily agreed without any objections or consideration for the social consequences. As a result, Bill C-91 was introduced. It abandoned compulsory licenses and was made retroactive from December 21, 1991. It is the contention of this thesis that the economic survival of multinational corporations on a global scale depends on the role and functions of the modem state. Similarly, the existence of the state depends on the ideological-political and socioeconomic assistance it gives to multinational corporations on a national and international scale. This dialectical relation of the state and multinational corporations is explored in our theoretical and historical analysis of their role in public policy.

A sequential analysis of therapist scaffolding and child concept formation in narrative therapy

Narrative therapy is a postmodern therapy that takes the position that people create self-narratives to make sense of their experiences. To date, narrative therapy has compiled virtually no quantitative and very little qualitative research, leaving gaps in almost all areas of process and outcome. White (2006a), one of the therapy's founders, has recently utilized Vygotsky's (1934/1987) theories of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and concept formation to describe the process of change in narrative therapy with children. In collaboration with the child client, the narrative therapist formalizes therapeutic concepts and submits them to increasing levels of generalization to create a ZPD. This study sought to determine whether the child's development proceeds through the stages of concept formation over the course of a session, and whether therapists' utterances scaffold this movement. A sequential analysis was used due to its unique ability to measure dynamic processes in social interactions. Stages of concept formation and scaffolding were coded over time. A hierarchical log-linear analysis was performed on the sequential data to develop a model of therapist scaffolding and child concept development. This was intended to determine what patterns occur and whether the stated intent of narrative therapy matches its actual process. In accordance with narrative therapy theory, the log-linear analysis produced a final model with interactions between therapist and child utterances, and between both therapist and child utterances and time. Specifically, the child and youth participants in therapy tended to respond to therapist scaffolding at the corresponding level of concept formation. Both children and youth and therapists also tended to move away from earlier and toward later stages of White's scaffolding conversations map as the therapy session advanced. These findings provide support for White's contention that narrative therapists promote child development by scaffolding child concept formation in therapy.