Comprehensive evaluation of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer performance with retransmissions

Supported by IEEE 802.15.4 standardization activities, embedded networks have been gaining popularity in recent years. The focus of this paper is to quantify the behavior of key networking metrics of IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled nodes under typical operating conditions, with the inclusion of packet retransmissions. We corrected and extended previous analyses by scrutinizing the assumptions on which the prevalent Markovian modeling is generally based. By means of a comparative study, we singled out which of the assumptions impact each of the performance metrics (throughput, delay, power consumption, collision probability, and packet-discard probability). In particular, we showed that - unlike what is usually assumed - the probability that a node senses the channel busy is not constant for all the stages of the backoff procedure and that these differences have a noticeable impact on backoff delay, packet-discard probability, and power consumption. Similarly, we showed that - again contrary to common assumption - the probability of obtaining transmission access to the channel depends on the number of nodes that is simultaneously sensing it. We evidenced that ignoring this dependence has a significant impact on the calculated values of throughput and collision probability. Circumventing these and other assumptions, we rigorously characterize, through a semianalytical approach, the key metrics in a beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 system with retransmissions.

State of Iowa, Single Audit Report, Independent Auditor's Reports, Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report - Financial Section, Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards, Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs, June 30, 2004

State Audit Reports

The AO comprehensive classification of pediatric long-bone fractures: a web-based multicenter agreement study.

The first AO comprehensive pediatric long-bone fracture classification system has been proposed following a structured path of development and validation with experienced pediatric surgeons. A Web-based multicenter agreement study involving 70 surgeons in 15 clinics and 5 countries was conducted to assess the reliability and accuracy of this classification when used by a wide range of surgeons with various levels of experience. Training was provided at each clinic before the session. Using the Internet, participants could log in at any time and classify 275 supracondylar, radius, and tibia fractures at their own pace. The fracture diagnosis was made following the hierarchy of the classification system using both clinical terminology and codes. kappa coefficients for the single-surgeon diagnosis of epiphyseal, metaphyseal, or diaphyseal fracture type were 0.66, 0.80, and 0.91, respectively. Median accuracy estimates for each bone and type were all greater than 80%. Depending on their experience and specialization, surgeons greatly varied in their ability to classify fractures. Pediatric training and at least 2 years of experience were associated with significant improvement in reliability and accuracy. Kappa coefficients for diagnosis of specific child patterns were 0.51, 0.63, and 0.48 for epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and diaphyseal fractures, respectively. Identified reasons for coding discrepancies were related to different understandings of terminology and definitions, as well as poor quality radiographic images. Results supported some minor adjustments in the coding of fracture type and child patterns. This classification system received wide acceptance and support among the surgeons involved. As long as appropriate training could be performed, the system classification was reliable, especially among surgeons with a minimum of 2 years of clinical experience. We encourage broad-based consultation between surgeons' international societies and the use of this classification system in the context of clinical practice as well as prospectively for clinical studies.

Life experiences of elderly with cancer pain: the existential comprehensive approach

OBJECTIVE Understanding the experiences of elderly with cancer pain. METHOD Qualitative research based on Heidegger's phenomenology. 12 elderly cancer patients from a city in northwest Paraná were interviewed from November 2013 to February 2014. RESULTS Analysis performed by vague, median and interpretive understanding which resulted in two ontological themes: Cancer pain: unveiling the imprisonment and impositions experienced by the elderly, and Unveiling the anguish of living with cancer pain; it revealed not only how the elderly experience pain in their daily lives, but also how hard it is to live with its particularities. CONCLUSION Cancer pain has biopsychosocial repercussions for the elderly, generating changes in their existence in the world, requiring holistic and authentic care.

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 2006

In accordance with Iowa Code Section 8A.502(8) we are pleased to submit the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) for the State of Iowa for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2006. As required by State statute, this report has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for governments as promulgated by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). The report is presented in three sections as follows: • The Introductory Section includes this transmittal letter, the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) Certificate of Achievement for the fiscal year 2005 CAFR, an organizational chart of State government, and a list of principal State officials. • The Financial Section contains the independent auditor’s report on the Basic Financial Statements, Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A), the Basic Financial Statements, and Notes to the Financial Statements. The Financial Section also contains Required Supplementary Information (RSI), other than the MD&A, and supplementary information in the form of combining financial statements and schedules. • The Statistical Section includes financial trend information, revenue capacity information, debt capacity information, demographic and economic information, and operating information. The Department of Administrative Services is responsible for both the accuracy of the presented data, and the completeness and fairness of the presentation. We believe the information presented is accurate in all material respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State’s financial activity.

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 1997

In accordance with Iowa Code Section421.3(5), we are please to sbmit the Comprehensive Annual Finanical Report (CAFR) for the State of iowa for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1997. The Department of Revenue and Finance is responsible for both the accuracy in all materials respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State's finanical activity. This report is prepared in accordance with generally accepted accountinfg principles (GAAP) for governments Standards Board (GASB).

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 1998

In accordance with Iowa Code Section421.3(5), we are please to submit the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) for the State of Iowa for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1998. The Department of Revenue and Finance is responsible for both the accuracy in all materials respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State's financial activity. This report is prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for governments Standards Board (GASB).

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 2000

In accordance with Iowa Code Section421.3(5), we are please to sbmit the Comprehensive Annual Finanical Report (CAFR) for the State of iowa for the fiscal year ending in June. The Department of Revenue and Finance is responsible for both the accuracy in all materials respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State's finanical activity. This report is prepared in accordance with generally accepted accountinfg principles (GAAP) for governments Standards Board (GASB).

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 2001

In accordance with Iowa Code Section421.3(5), we are please to sbmit the Comprehensive Annual Finanical Report (CAFR) for the State of iowa for the fiscal year ending in June. The Department of Revenue and Finance is responsible for both the accuracy in all materials respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State's finanical activity. This report is prepared in accordance with generally accepted accountinfg principles (GAAP) for governments Standards Board (GASB).

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 2002

In accordance with Iowa Code Section421.3(5), we are please to sbmit the Comprehensive Annual Finanical Report (CAFR) for the State of iowa for the fiscal year ending in June. The Department of Revenue and Finance is responsible for both the accuracy in all materials respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State's finanical activity. This report is prepared in accordance with generally accepted accountinfg principles (GAAP) for governments Standards Board (GASB).

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 2003

In accordance with Iowa Code Section421.3(5), we are please to submit the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) for the State of Iowa for the fiscal year ending in June. The Department of Administrative Services is responsible for both the accuracy in all materials respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State's financial activity. This report is prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for governments Standards Board (GASB).

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 2004

In accordance with Iowa Code Section421.3(5), we are please to submit the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) for the State of Iowa for the fiscal year ending in June. The Department of Administrative Services is responsible for both the accuracy in all materials respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State's financial activity. This report is prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for governments Standards Board (GASB).

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 2005

In accordance with Iowa Code Section 8A.502(8) we are pleased to submit the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) for the State of Iowa for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2005. The report is presented in three sections as follows: • The Introductory Section includes this transmittal letter, the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) Certificate of Achievement for the fiscal year 2004 CAFR, an organizational chart of State government, and a list of principal State officials. • The Financial Section contains the independent auditor’s report on the Basic Financial Statements, Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A), the Basic Financial Statements, and Notes to the Financial Statements. The Financial Section also contains Required Supplementary Information (RSI), other than the MD&A, and supplementary information in the form of combining financial statements and schedules. This letter is intended to be read in conjunction with the MD&A. • The Statistical Section highlights selected financial and demographic information, generally presented on a multi-year basis. The Department of Administrative Services is responsible for both the accuracy of the presented data, and the completeness and fairness of the presentation. We believe the information presented is accurate in all material respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State’s financial activity. This report has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for governments as promulgated by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). As a part of the statewide accounting system upgrade during fiscal year 2005, the implementation team performed a comprehensive review of the adequacy of internal controls and budgetary controls of the system. The team determined that internal controls continue to be in place to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that assets are safeguarded against unauthorized use or disposition, and that financial records from all appropriate sources are reliable for preparing financial statements and maintaining accountability. The concept of reasonable assurance recognizes the cost of internal controls should not exceed the benefits likely to be derived from their use. To monitor the adequacy of internal controls, the Auditor of State reviews internal control procedures as an integral part of departmental audits.

Iowa Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, 2007

We are pleased to submit the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) for the State of Iowa for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2007. As required by State statute, this report has been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for governments as promulgated by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). The Department of Administrative Services and the Department of Management are responsible for both the accuracy of the presented data, and the completeness and fairness of the presentation. We believe the information presented is accurate in all material respects and the necessary disclosures have been made which enable the reader to obtain an understanding of the State’s financial activity.