A compreensão de reação química como um sistema complexo a partir da discussão dos erros e dificuldades de aprendizagem de estudantes do ensino médio

The study of chemical reactions is among the most important contents to the understanding of Chemistry discipline in basic education. However, there are still few studies about chemical reactions as a complex system because, generally, this content is presented in textbooks, taught and even researched in a fragmented form. The thesis here presented aims to investigate, identify and characterize the mistakes and learning difficulties of the students about chemical reactions as a complex system, using for that purpose the analysis of the answers of 126 exams of candidates for the bachelor’s degree in Chemistry Teaching on the entrance exam for the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The mistakes and learning difficulties about the parameters ΔG°, Kp, Ea and of the calculation of the amount of substance in a chemical reaction have been identified, as well as the levels of development of the ability to interpret the chemical reaction as a system. The main theoretical source of this study is structured based on the mistakes and learning difficulties (NÚÑEZ, RAMALHO, 2012), of the chemical reactions as complex systems (NÚÑEZ, 1994; RESHETOVA, 1988; SANDERSON, 1968). As methodology, it was prioritized the analysis of the answers to the exams and the interview with the teachers. The results showed typical mistakes in the study of this subject, especially low levels and skill development. No student was able to integrate the different aspects in the systemic understanding of the chemical reaction. From the interviews with Chemistry teachers from High School, it was determined the reasons the teachers assign to those mistakes and learning difficulties. The interviews revealed that the teachers do not work in the perspective of integration of the contents which leads the students to present difficulties and make mistakes related to the content previously mentioned. The study presents a proposal for the organization of the contents of Chemistry discipline for High School as a possibility of a dialectic systemic integration of contents, understanding that this systematic vision, leads to important contributions to the development of the theoretical thinking of the students. We can mention as one of the conclusions of this study, the fact that the non-systemic organization of contents do not favor this kind of thinking in students.

Étude des relations entre le développement professionnel des enseignants du postsecondaire et leur bien-être psychologique au travail

Réalisé en milieu collégial (cégep)

Étude des relations entre le développement professionnel des enseignants du postsecondaire et leur bien-être psychologique au travail

Réalisé en milieu collégial (cégep)

Exploring Perceptions of Middle Class Urban Indian Women Regarding Socio-Cultural Deterrents Influencing Participation in Adult and Continuing Educational Programs

Unlike its childhood counterpart, adult and continuing education is a voluntary activity, where adult learners partake in educational programs for the sake of realizing some explicit or implicit goal. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between socio-cultural influences and deterrents to participation of middle class urban Indian women in adult and continuing educational programs. Darkenwald and Merriam’s (1982) theory of non-participation was selected as the theoretical lens used to guide this study. This study involved collecting qualitative data to analyze participant views and was collected through 16 semi-structured interviews to explore participants’ individual perceptions concerning socio-cultural deterrents influencing participation of middle class urban Indian women in adult and continuing educational programs. Qualitative data were analyzed to discover emerging themes and sub-themes. In the second phase of the study, a modified Deterrent to Participation Scale – General (DPS-G) was used to measure data collected from the surveys completed by participants, that included specific demographic questions. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the relationships between the demographic questions and the deterrent identified on the DPS-G. The interview and survey data were used convergently to understand the relationship between socio-cultural influences and deterrents impacting participant participation in adult and continuing educational programs. The findings of the study indicated that the biggest socio-cultural influence deterring participation among middle class urban Indian women in adult and continuing educational programs is marriage. It is an Indian social norm that comes with a set of pre-defined roles and expectations, and married women find themselves consumed by fulfilling the marital and familial expectations and responsibilities and participation in adult and continuing educational program is furthest from their mind. Middle class urban Indian women do realize the importance of educational pursuits, but do not feel that they can, after marriage. They are open, however, to pursuing adult educational programs in the form of short-term skill development programs leading to income generation, although they would lead primarily to home-based work enterprises.

No second chance: the experiences of junior neonatal nurses in providing end-of-life care for babies and families in the NNU

Background

An infant’s death is acutely stressful for parents and professionals. Little is known about junior nurses’ experiences providing end-of-life care in Neonatal Units (NNU).

Objectives

To better understand junior nurses’ experiences providing end-of-life care in NNU, the study explored the challenges and opportunities inherent in their practice relating to providing such care to babies and their families.

Methods

Neonatal nurses (n=12) with less than 3 years’ experience who were undergoing a neonatal education programme participated. Two focus groups were convened each with 6 nurses. The Ethics Committee at the relevant University approved the study. Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used in the focus groups to build consensus around the challenges faced by junior nurses, alongside suggested developments in improving future care provision. Primary analysis involved successive rounds of ranking and decision making whilst secondary analysis involved thematic analysis.

Results

The study identified the pressures these nurses felt in having only one chance to ‘get it right’ for the infants and their families. They perceived the need for further ‘education and training’ highlighting that improved education provision would include both additional courses and internal training sessions. Greater ‘support’ from mentors themselves more experienced in this aspect of care within the NNU was identified as important in addressing issues around confidence building and skill development.

Conclusions

The results highlight junior nurses’ need for specific education and mentorship around end-of-life care for babies. This presentation will outline the implications for practice, education and further research.

Contextes de formation formel, non formel ou informel: développement de compétences de direction d’école de langue française au Canada

Pour parfaire les compétences des nouvelles directions d’école, nous constatons l’émergence de programmes de formation proposés par des universités, des districts scolaires, etc. Le but de notre étude est d’identifier les contextes de formation formel, non formel ou informel qui ont le plus aidé les nouvelles directions d’école dans le développement de leurs compétences d’une part, et ceux qui seraient mieux à même de les aider à l’avenir. Dans le cadre de cette recherche qualitative, 101 acteurs-trices de l’éducation ont été interrogé-es. Les résultats montrent que les trois contextes de formation (formel, non formel et informel) semblent avoir contribué au développement des compétences des nouvelles directions, alors que le contexte non formel, et plus particulièrement les ateliers et le soutien du district scolaire, s’avère être celui pouvant le plus aider les nouvelles directions à développer leurs compétences dans le futur. (DIPF/Orig.)

L’inclusion scolaire dans l’enseignement primaire: L’évaluative formative comme source de progression collective?

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le champ des recherches concernant les pratiques inclusives en milieu scolaire ordinaire dans l’enseignement primaire. En France, le système éducatif propose de scolariser les élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers soit en classe ordinaire, soit en classe spécialisée, bien que les gouvernements valorisent l’accueil en milieu ordinaire depuis la loi de 2005. Or, ceci questionne les pratiques des acteurs de l’école sur la prise en charge de ces élèves. Partant des travaux montrant que les enseignants utilisant l’évaluation formative gèrent mieux la diversité des élèves, nous étudions ici dans quelle mesure cette fonction de l’évaluation aiderait les élèves présentant des besoins éducatifs particuliers à acquérir des connaissances grâce aux feedbacks émis lors d’évaluations orales et de corrections collectives. L’analyse des données recueillies à l’aide d’entretiensavec des enseignants et d’observations d’élèves fait ressortir les attitudes des acteurs, les interactions et les régulations. (DIPF/Orig.)

Planung des Lernfeldunterrichtes im Spannungsfeld von Geschäftsprozessorientierung und lernfeldübergreifender Kompetenzentwicklung. Das Hamburger Konzept kooperativer curricularer Entwicklungsarbeit

Der Hamburger Schulversuch EARA (Erprobung neu strukturierter Ausbildungsformen im Rahmen des Ausbildungskonsenses 2007-2010“) wurde durch in Konsortium der Universität Hamburg evaluiert und wissenschaftlich begleitet. Die Schulversuchsevaluation gliederte sich in einen summativen und einen formativen Teil (vgl. EARA 2012, 11 f.). Im Rahmen der formativen Evaluation wurden intensive curriculare Entwicklungsarbeiten geleistet, die durch eine enge Kooperation von wissenschaftlicher Begleitung und Projektschulen geprägt waren. Dieser Beitrag stellt die theoretischen Grundlagen der gemeinsamen Curriculumentwicklung im Schulversuch EARA dar. Diese sind umfassend in der Kooperation mit der beruflichen Schule für Büro und Personalmanagement Bergedorf für das Berufsbild Kaufleute für Bürokommunikation umgesetzt worden. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst zentrale Herausforderungen der schulnahen Curriculumentwicklung im Kontext des Lernfeldansatzes dargestellt, um dann im zweiten Abschnitt die im Schulversuch EARA zum Tragen gekommenen Lösungsansätze zu beschreiben. Die spezifischen Herausforderungen waren (1) eine veränderte curriculare Entwicklungslogik, (2) die notwendige curriculare Rekonstruktion von Lernfeldern, (3) die Schwierigkeiten prozessübergreifender Kompetenzentwicklung und (4) die geforderte Verknüpfung von Prozess- und Systemperspektive in den Lernsituationen. Die Lösungsvorschläge für diese Herausforderungen münden im Konzept der Hamburger Kompetenzmatrix und werden am Beispiel von Ergebnissen aus dem Projekt EARA dargestellt. Der Beitrag endet mit der Bilanzierung von Erfolgen und Desideraten.

Authentizität und Lernen - das Fach in der Fachdidaktik. Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Chemie und Physik Jahrestagung in Berlin 2015

Die 42. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Chemie und Physik (GDCP) wurde im September 2015 an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ausgerichtet. Zum Tagungsthema „Authentizität und Lernen - Das Fach in der Fachdidaktik“ diskutierten neben den Plenarreferentinnen und -referenten eine große Anzahl an Tagungsgästen. Der vorliegende Band umfasst die ausgearbeiteten Beiträge der Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer. (DIPF/Orig.)

O ensino do empreendedorismo: o papel do docente, os métodos pedagógicos e a sua relação com a intenção empreendedora

Can entrepreneurship be taught, or be learned? This is a question that brings a broad debate to the table. Indubitably, education has an essential role in attitude development and competences promotion. This assumption has fostered entrepreneurship initiatives and course proliferation, seeking to teach entrepreneurship to individuals. The increasing importance of the entrepreneurial spirit leads to the creation and promotion of entrepreneurship initiatives and encouragement of youngsters to have entrepreneurial profiles. Today, entrepreneurship education has a crucial role promoting entrepreneurial mindset s in younger people. It stimulates competence and skill development, which extends beyond the business world. The effects of such education depend on strategy and teaching pedagogies, but mostly on its effective implementation. This gives teachers and higher education institutions the challenge of finding nontraditional methodologies and alternative ways to teach the subject. Therefore, this study aims to explore, through the theory of planned behavior, the effects of entrepreneurship education and its relationship with entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, the essential and challenging role of the teacher is explored, contributing to a better understanding of its significance in entrepreneurship education that is remarkably poorly explored in the literature. Findings reinforce the strength of the theory of planned behavior as an intention measure; in addition, students were found to increase their entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurial knowledge and institutional context perceptions after taking a higher education course. Concerning teachers, a consensus was found between their education aims and similarities among their pedagogic methods, topics and forms of evaluation, along with time and resource management struggles.

Economic competence and financial literacy of young adults. Status and challenges

This book will concentrate on economic competence and financial literacy of young adults in the US, Europe and South America. The subjects of the research are mainly individuals who have begun an apprenticeship or university education. Economic competence and financial literacy are of special interest for this group because they are usually in the unique position of being responsible for managing their own financial affairs autonomously, often for the first time. Furthermore, economic competence is key to social participation and active citizenship. (DIPF/Orig.)

Développement de capacités narratives des enfants bilingues: l’acquisition de l’espagnol dans le contexte suisse-allemand

La présente contribution vise à analyser les capacités langagières d’enfants bilingues espagnol-suisse allemand à l’occasion de la production orale de récits d’expériences personnelles. En se focalisant sur la production orale en espagnol avant le début de l’école primaire, cette étude explore le développement précoce des capacités narratives considérées comme un important précurseur de l’alphabétisation initiale des enfants (Dickinson & Tabors, 2001, entre autres). Notre étude se base sur un échantillon de textes produits par 24 enfants répartis en deux groupes d’âge, 3 et 5 ans. Nous analysons également un questionnaire soumis aux familles des enfants participants, questionnaire qui interroge les pratiques linguistiques à la maison et la biographie langagière de ces enfants. L’étude menée révèle des différences entre les deux groups d’âge ainsi qu’un lien entre la performance discursive des enfants et les pratiques langagières familiales. Elle a en outre permis de repérer des capacités en espagnol qui potentiellement pourraient favoriser les capacités narratives dans la langue de l’entourage – le suisse-allemand, d’abord, et ensuite l’allemand standard. Enfin, ces résultats nous amènent à réfléchir aux conditions qui favorisent la conservation de la langue de la migration et ses apports potentiels à la scolarisation. (DIPF/Orig.)

Three-capital approach to the study of young people who excel in vocational occupations: A case of WorldSkills competitors and entrepreneurship

This paper examines the entrepreneurial inclinations of young people who achieved excellence in vocational occupations. We propose a three-capital approach to the study of entrepreneurship. Relying on the existing theories and original qualitative and quantitative data analyses, findings from interviews with 30 entrepreneurial and 10 non-entrepreneurial WorldSkills competitors show that psychological capital, social capital and human capital can be combined to explore how young people who excel in vocational occupations develop entrepreneurial mindsets. We show that training for and participation in the largest vocational skills event globally - WorldSkills competition - develops selected aspects of three capitals. However, we also discover that the entrepreneurial motivation precedes competitors' involvement with WorldSkills. (DIPF/Orig.)

Martin Fischer / Matthias Becker / Georg Spöttl (Hrsg.). Kompetenzdiagnostik in der beruflichen Bildung, Probleme und Perspektiven. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Martin Fischer / Matthias Becker / Georg Spöttl (Hrsg.). Kompetenzdiagnostik in der beruflichen Bildung, Probleme und Perspektiven, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang 2011 (236 S.; ISBN 978-3-631-61660-4)

Organisatorische Umsetzung eines E-Learning-Konzepts einer Hochschule am Beispiel des Zentrums virtUOS der Universität Osnabrück

Die ELAN-Initiative des Landes Niedersachsen treibt zurzeit den vermehrten Einsatz moderner E-Learning-Konzepte in Form dreier Pilotprojekte mit dem Ziel voran, landesweit ein akademisches Kompetenznetzwerk aufzubauen. Sämtliche Hochschulen des Landes sollen von den Kompetenzen der jeweils anderen Universitäten und Fachhochschulen profitieren und die Lehre damit effizienter gestalten. Die an einem dieser Piloten beteiligte Universität Osnabrück nahm die Initiative zum Anlass, ein neues Dienstleistungszentrum zu gründen, dessen Aufgabe sich durch die Unterstützung der multi- und telemedialen Lehre definiert. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die Organisation dieses Zentrums, dessen Forschungs- und Dienstleistungen und zeigt die daraus resultierenden Vorteile auf. (DIPF/Orig.)