Pressure drop coefficients for elliptic and circular sections in one, two and three-row arrangements of plate fin and tube heat exchangers

The objective of the present work is the experimental determination of pressure drop coefficients (loss coefficients) for elliptic and circular sections in one, two and three-row arrangements of plate fin and tube heat exchangers. The experiments permitted to correlate the dimensionless loss coefficient with the flow Reynolds number in the rectangular channel formed by the plate fins. The experimental technique consisted of the measurement of the longitudinal pressure distribution along the flow channel, for several values of air mass flow rate. The total number of data runs, each one characterized by the flow Reynolds number, was 216. The present geometry is used in compact heat exchangers for air conditioning systems, heaters, radiators, and others. Also, it is verified the influence of the utilization of elliptic tubes, instead of circular ones, in the pressure drop. The measurements were performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 1900.

Causação circular do crescimento das economias em desenvolvimento: uma ponte entre as abordagens evolucionária e pós keynesiana

Based on the Post Keynesian approach and on the Evolutionary literature, this study seeks to demonstrate the causal relationships between the National Innovation System and the national and international financial systems. This study shows that there is a circular causation in the less developed economies that contributes to the immaturity of its National Innovation System and to its structural external vulnerability. Conclusions highlight that the cycles in the less developed economies mirror the cycles of international liquidity.

William Hamilton Merritt Welland Canal circular, July 12, 1823

William Hamilton Merritt (1793-1862) was a soldier, merchant, and politician who was instrumental in the promotion and development of the Welland Canal. After serving with the Lincoln militia during the War of 1812, Merritt became a merchant in St. Catharines, and purchased some land on Twelve Mile Creek on which he ran a sawmill and constructed a grist mill. He initially envisioned a canal between the Welland River and Twelve Mile Creek, which evolved into a plan to link Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. This would enable goods from western Canada to be conveniently shipped to Montreal and Great Britain through the St. Lawrence, while bypassing the Niagara portage. His plan met with opposition for financial and political reasons, as well as from those along the Niagara portage whose businesses would suffer if the canal were built. Despite this opposition, the Welland Canal Company was chartered by the Upper Canadian assembly in January, 1824. Construction on the canal began later that year, and was completed in 1829.

William Hamilton Merritt Welland Canal circular, July 12, 1823

William Hamilton Merritt (1793-1862) was a soldier, merchant, and politician who was instrumental in the promotion and development of the Welland Canal. After serving with the Lincoln militia during the War of 1812, Merritt became a merchant in St. Catharines, and purchased some land on Twelve Mile Creek on which he ran a sawmill and constructed a grist mill. He initially envisioned a canal between the Welland River and Twelve Mile Creek, which evolved into a plan to link Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. This would enable goods from western Canada to be conveniently shipped to Montreal and Great Britain through the St. Lawrence, while bypassing the Niagara portage. His plan met with opposition for financial and political reasons, as well as from those along the Niagara portage whose businesses would suffer if the canal were built. Despite this opposition, the Welland Canal Company was chartered by the Upper Canadian assembly in January, 1824. Construction on the canal began later that year, and was completed in 1829

El cura del Sagrario de Querétaro, refuta un folleto, que con el título: Lo que creen los protestantes ha hecho circular en esta ciudad, Mr. Almon W. Greeman, ministro protestante de la iglesia llamada Evangélica

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Relación que en apoyo de la representación en contra de la circular de 17 de enero próximo pasado presenta al Supremo Gobierno, el ciudadano Pedro Vander-Linden.

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Comunicación circular que el Exmo. Sr. Don Manuel de la Peña y Peña, estendió en el año de 1845, como ministro de relaciones, para dirigirla a los gobiernos y asambleas de partamentales, sobre la cuestión de paz o guerra, según el estado que guardaban en aquella época

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Circular expedida por el C. Licenciado Protasio P. Tagle, Ministro de Gobernación, en que se dan a conocer las negociaciones entabladas con el C. Lic. José María Iglesias, para dar término a la guerra civil, y que fueron rotas por su parte

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Circular del Ilmo. Sr. Doctor Don Cresencio Carrillo y Ancona Obispotitular de Lero y Coadjutor de Yucatán sobre la coronación de Ntra.Sra. de Guadalupe y sobre el jubileo sacerdotal de su Santidad el Señor León XIII y de su Señoría Ilustrisíma Dignísi

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Circular sobre la sagrada predicación

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Circular Diocesana, expedida por el Ilmo. Sr. Obispo de Cuernavaca,con motivo de la función que esta Sagrada Mitra celebrará en la Colegiata de Guadalupe...

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Circular dirigida por el Ilmo. Sr. Arzobispo de México al Ilmo. y Ve. Cabildo Metropolitano, al de la insigne Colegiata de Guadalupe, al clero secular y regular y a todos sus diocesanos

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