Measurement of semileptonic branching fractions of B mesons to narrow D-** states - art. no. 1711803

Using the data accumulated in 2002-2004 with the D0 detector in proton-antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron collider with a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, the branching fractions of the decays B ->(D) over bar (0)(1)(2420)mu(+)nu(mu)X and B ->(D) over bar (*0)(2)(2460)mu(+)nu(mu)X and their ratio have been measured: B (b) over bar -> B)xB(B -> (D) over bar (0)(1)mu(+)nu(mu)X)xB((D) over bar (0)(1)-> D(*-)pi(+))=[0.087 +/- 0.007(stat)+/- 0.014(syst)]%; B((b) over bar -> B)xB(B ->(D) over bar (*0)(2)mu(+)nu(mu)X)xB((D) over bar (*0)(2)-> D(*-)pi(+))=[0.035 +/- 0.007(stat)+/- 0.008(syst)]% and [B(B ->(D) over bar (*0)(2)mu(+)nu(mu)X)xB((D) over bar (*0)(2)-> D(*-)pi(+))]/[B(B ->(D) over bar (0)(1)mu(+)nu(mu)X)xB((D) over bar (0)(1)-> D(*-)pi(+))]=0.39 +/- 0.09(stat)+/- 0.12(syst), where the charge conjugated states are always implied.

Distribution of endogenous type B and type D sheep retrovirus sequences in ungulates and other mammals.

The jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), which appears to be a type B/D retrovirus chimera, has been incriminated as the cause of ovine pulmonary carcinoma. Recent studies suggest that the sequences related to this virus are found in the genomes of normal sheep and goats. To learn whether there are breeds of sheep that lack the endogenous viral sequences and to study their distribution among other groups of mammals, we surveyed several domestic sheep and goat breeds, other ungulates, and various mammal groups for sequences related to JSRV. Probes prepared from the envelope (SU) region of JSRV and the capsid (CA) region of a Peruvian type D virus related to JSRV were used in Southern blot hybridization with genomic DNA followed by low- and high-stringency washes. Fifteen to 20 CA and SU bands were found in all members of the 13 breeds of domestic sheep and 6 breeds of goats tested. There were similar findings in 6 wild Ovis and Capra genera. Within 22 other genera of Bovidae including domestic cattle, and 7 other families of Artiodactyla including Cervidae, there were usually a few CA or SU bands at low stringency and rare bands at high stringency. Among 16 phylogenetically distant genera, there were generally fewer bands hybridizing with either probe. These results reveal wide-spread phylogenetic distribution of endogenous type B and type D retroviral sequences related to JSRV among mammals and argue for further investigation of their potential role in disease.

Majmūʻah [microform] : Tuḥfah-ʾi Shāhjahānī : sharḥ-i risālah-ʾi Ādāb-i Muṭālaʻah, ḥall-i tarkīb-i manṭiq maʻa munhayāt-i ʻajībah, sharḥ-i Tahẕīb bi-ḥavāshī-i jadīdah /

Microfilm.

Tuḥfah-ʾi Shāhjahānī [microform] : sharḥ-i risālah-ʾi Ādāb-i muṭālaʻah, ḥall-i tarkīb-i manṭiq maʻa munhayāt-i ʻajībah, sharḥ-i Tahẕīb bi-ḥawāshī-i jadīdah /

Microfilm.

Kitāb al-lmdād bi-Maʻrifat ʻUlū al-ʾIsnād /

Mode of access: Internet.

Vitamin D intake needed to maintain target serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in participants with low sun exposure and dark skin pigmentation is substantially higher than current recommendations

Cutaneous cholecalciferol synthesis has not been considered in making recommendations for vitamin D intake. Our objective was to model the effects of sun exposure, vitamin D intake, and skin reflectance (pigmentation) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in young adults with a wide range of skin reflectance and sun exposure. Four cohorts of participants (n = 72 total) were studied for 7-8 wk in the fall, winter, spring, and summer in Davis, CA [38.5° N, 121.7° W, Elev. 49 ft (15 m)]. Skin reflectance was measured using a spectrophotometer, vitamin D intake using food records, and sun exposure using polysulfone dosimeter badges. A multiple regression model (R^sup 2^ = 0.55; P < 0.0001) was developed and used to predict the serum 25(OH)D concentration for participants with low [median for African ancestry (AA)] and high [median for European ancestry (EA)] skin reflectance and with low [20th percentile, ~20 min/d, ~18% body surface area (BSA) exposed] and high (80th percentile, ~90 min/d, ~35% BSA exposed) sun exposure, assuming an intake of 200 IU/d (5 ug/d). Predicted serum 25(OH)D concentrations for AA individuals with low and high sun exposure in the winter were 24 and 42 nmol/L and in the summer were 40 and 60 nmol/L. Corresponding values for EA individuals were 35 and 60 nmol/L in the winter and in the summer were 58 and 85 nmol/L. To achieve 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L, we estimate that EA individuals with high sun exposure need 1300 IU/d vitamin D intake in the winter and AA individuals with low sun exposure need 2100-3100 IU/d year-round.

Measurements of branching fraction ratios and CP asymmetries in B±→DCPK± decays in hadron collisions

We reconstruct B+/- -> D K+/- decays in a data sample collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider corresponding to 1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We select decay modes where the D meson decays to either K- pi+ (flavor eigenstate) or K- K+, pi- pi+ (CP-even eigenstates), and measure the direct CP asymmetry A_CP+ = 0.39 +/- 0.17(stat) +/- 0.04(syst), and the double ratio of CP-even to flavor eigenstate branching fractions R_CP+ = 1.30 +/- 0.24(stat) +/- 0.12(syst). These measurements will improve the determination of the CKM angle gamma. They are performed here for the first time using data from hadron collisions.

Constraining scalar leptoquarks from the K and B sectors

Upper bounds at the weak scale are obtained for all lambda(ij)lambda(im) type product couplings of the scalar leptoquark model which may affect K-0 - (K) over bar (0), B-d - (B) over bar (d), and B-s - (B) over bar (s) mixing, as well as leptonic and semileptonic K and B decays. Constraints are obtained for both real and imaginary parts of the couplings. We also discuss the role of leptoquarks in explaining the anomalously large CP-violating phase in B-s - (B) over bar (s) mixing.

Avaliação da eficácia de uma nova formulação de anfotericina B poliagregada em diferentes esquemas terapêuticos no tratamento da esporotricose experimental causada por Sporothrix brasiliensis

A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea, crônica, causada por espécies termo-dimórficas do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. Esta micose apresenta diferentes manifestações clínicas sendo mais comum a forma linfocutânea. Casos graves causados por Sporothrix brasiliensis têm sido descritos recentemente, exigindo um tratamento prolongado com antifúngicos de alta toxicidade como a anfotericina B-desoxicolato ou suas versões menos tóxicas, mas de alto custo. Neste trabalho visamos testar in vitro e in vivo a eficácia de uma nova formulação intravenosa de anfotericina B poliagregada (P-AmB) e testar in vivo sua versão semi-sólida (AmB tópica), comparando-a com o itraconazol (ITC) e a anfotericina B-desoxicolato (D-AmB). Ensaios de susceptibilidade in vitro com S. brasiliensis mostraram que esta espécie é suscetível aos antifúngicos testados. Para os testes de eficácia in vivo foram estabelecidos um modelo de esporotricose disseminada e outro de esporotricose subcutânea, causados por S. brasiliensis. No modelo de esporotricose disseminada camundongos BALB/c foram inoculados intravenosamente com leveduras de S. brasiliensis e, 72 h pós-infecção, tratados sob diferentes regimes terapêuticos: i) uma monoterapia de ITC, D-AmB ou P-AmB; ii) uma combinação terapêutica entre D-AmB e ITC ou P-AmB e ITC; iii) um regime de pulso com D-AmB ou P-AmB. A sobrevivência (n= nove) e a carga fúngica em órgãos internos (n= três, no mínimo) foram avaliadas, sendo observado que o regime de pulso com D-AmB ou P-AmB foi o mais efetivo em prolongar a sobrevivência dos animais e reduzir a carga fúngica nos órgãos, seguido pela combinação terapêutica, porém o tratamento com D-AmB e ITC foi a combinação mais efetiva. A monoterapia com ITC e P-AmB e D-AmB foram menos eficazes, sendo corroborados pelas análises histopatológicas. Ensaios de toxicidade in vivo com as diferentes drogas revelaram que ITC e D-AmB induziram a uma toxicidade hepática e renal nos animais, respectivamente, mas P-AmB não induziu a nenhuma toxicidade. Nos ensaios de citoxicidade in vitro foi observado que ITC foi a menos citotóxica e hemolítica e a mais seletiva das drogas testadas, seguida por P-AmB, que foi menos citotóxica e mais seletiva que D-AmB. No modelo de esporotricose subcutânea camundongos da mesma linhagem foram inoculados por via subcutânea com conídios de S. schenckii e de S. brasiliensis (n=9/ grupo). Os animais infectados com S. brasiliensis apresentaram regressão das lesões primárias e disseminação. Usando o modelo de esporotricose subcutânea murina causada por S. brasiliensis testamos peliminarmente a formulação tópica de AmB poliagregada, que reduziu a extensão das lesões de animais infectados. Este é o primeiro trabalho a avaliar diferentes regimes de tratamento da esporotricose disseminada murina causada por S. brasiliensis utilizando ITC, D-AmB e uma nova formulação menos tóxica de anfotericina B poliagregada. O estudo revelou que o regime de pulso foi o mais eficaz para as formulações intravenosas de AmB. Nosso estudo também estabeleceu pioneiramente um modelo de esporotricose subcutânea induzido por S. brasiliensis, que se revelou uma ferramenta útil para comparar a virulência das espécies do complexo S. schenckii e para testar a eficácia de antifúngicos contra essas novas espécies.

Isolation of the main light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex from thylakoid membranes of marine alga, Bryopsis corticulans by a direct method

The main chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex (LHC 11) has been isolated directly from thylakoid membranes of marine green alga (Bryopsis corticulans Setch.) by two consecutive runs of anion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. LHC 11 proteins in the membrane extracts treated with 3% n-Octyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (OG) obtained specific binding ability on Q Sepharose column, and thus were isolated from the thylakoid membranes in a highly selective fraction. The monomeric, trimeric and oligomeric subcomplexes of LHC 11 have been obtained by fractionation of the LHC 11 mixes with sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The SDS-PAGE analysis of peptide composition and absorption spectrum showed that LHC 11 monomers, trimers and oligomers prepared through this work were intact and in high purity. Our report is the first to show that it is possible to purify LHC If directly from thylakoid membranes without extensively biochemical purification.

中国明对虾核转录因子NF-κB家族基因的克隆与表达分析

对虾流行病爆发以来，我国乃至世界的对虾产业一直受到各种虾病的困扰，对虾养殖业严重受阻。解决这一问题的关键是加强对虾免疫机制的研究，并在此基础上寻找对虾疾病防治的有效方法。Rel/NF-κB是一类核转录因子，在无脊椎动物的先天性免疫中，起着极为重要的作用。 本论文根据其他无脊椎动物中NF-κB家族基因Relish和Dorsal的保守氨基酸序列分别设计简并引物，从中国明对虾血细胞cDNA中先后克隆到了Relish和Dorsal基因的部分片段，并结合SMART-RACE技术分别获得了中国明对虾Relish基因（FcRelish）和Dorsal基因（FcDorsal）的cDNA 全长。 FcRelish的cDNA 全长为2157个碱基，其中开放阅读框为1512个碱基，编码504个氨基酸；FcRelish蛋白的推导分子量为57373.5 Da，理论等电点为7.00。FcDorsal基因的cDNA 全长为1627个碱基，其中开放阅读框为1071个碱基，编码357个氨基酸；FcDorsal蛋白的推导分子量为39780.7 Da，理论等电点为8.85。 分析了FcRelish基因和FcDorsal基因的在血细胞、淋巴器官、肠和肌肉等12个组织中的表达水平。组织表达结果表明FcRelish和FcDorsal在淋巴器官和血细胞中表达水平明显高于其他组织，而淋巴器官和血细胞是对虾免疫系统中最重要的两个组织，由此可以推测中国明对虾中的Relish和Dorsal可能与免疫关系密切。 本论文还利用实时荧光定量PCR技术，对灭活鳗弧菌刺激，以及WSSV病毒刺激后，对虾血细胞和淋巴器官中FcRelish基因和FcDorsal基因的转录水平进行了研究。FcRelish基因在WSSV病毒刺激后，在血细胞和淋巴器官中都出现了波浪形变化，说明FcRelish对WSSV病毒刺激产生了应答。在灭活鳗弧菌刺激后，FcRelish在血细胞中变化不明显，而在淋巴器官中出现了两次明显的下调上调交替，出现这种现象的具体原因有待探究。在WSSV病毒刺激后，血细胞和淋巴器官中FcDorsal的转录表达呈波浪形变化。而在鳗弧菌刺激后，FcDorsal在血细胞和淋巴器官中的转录均在短时间内出现明显的上调表达，说明FcDorsal对鳗弧菌非常敏感。 作为核转录因子的NF-κB蛋白的转录激活作用需要在细胞质中通过蛋白水解作用来激活，为了进一步阐明NF-κB对病菌感染的应答机制，需要进一步研究这两种转录因子在蛋白水平的变化，以便从分子水平阐明NF-κB在对虾天然免疫中的作用。

Structural studies on a novel fucogalactan sulfate extracted from the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica

A low molecular weight fucogalactan, obtained from the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica, was separated into three fractions (LF1, LF2 and LF3) by DEAE-Sepharose FF column chromatography. All three fractions contained predominantly fucose, sulfate group and galactose. The results showed that the main fraction LF2 consisted of L-fucose, D-galactose and sulfate at a molar ratio 6:1:9. Structural study on the LF2 was carried out by NMR spectroscopy. The backbone of LF2 was primarily (1 -> 3)-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose residues (75%) and a few (1 -> 4)-alpha-L-fucopyranose linkages (25%). The branch points were at C-4 of 3-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose residues by beta-D-galactopyranose unites (35%, molar ratio) or at C-2 of 3-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose residues by non-reducing terminal fucose unites (65%, molar ratio). Sulfate groups occupied at position C-4 or C-2, sometimes C-2, 4 to fucose residues, and C-3 and/or C-4 to galactose residues. The structure of LF2 was supposed as following: [GRAPHICS] (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

塔A和塔B地区古地温与热演化史研究

1）依据镜质组反射率（或由沥青、无定形干酪根换算成的镜质组反射率）拟合计算沉积盆地及生油层古地温是一种比较实用而又简便可行的方法。2）从十二口井井温数据分析，除X6井(2.0℃/100M)和X1井(2.05℃/100M)外，其它十口井的现地温梯度均小于2℃/100M。塔里木盆地的现地温梯度是较低的。3）拟合计算古地温的结果表明，塔B和塔A地区古地温梯度偏低半呈下降的趋势：塔B地区古生代隆起区古地温梯度为3.5℃/100M，凹陷区为3.0℃/100M，中生代古地温梯度为2.5-2.7℃/100M，新生代古地温梯度为2.0-2.2℃/100M。塔A及塔C地区：古生代隆起区的古地温梯度为3.5℃/100M，凹陷区为3.0℃/100M；中生代古地温梯度为2.5℃/100M，新生代为2.0-2.2℃/100M，今地温梯度为2.0℃/100M。4）古地温拟合计算结果表明：塔B地区志留系至二叠系地层基本被剥蚀，有的部位下古地层也遭到部分剥蚀。寒武-奥陶系总厚度在3000-4000米以上，生油层的生油期持续时间很长。寒武系底的生油期从寒武纪末到石炭纪（522-342Ma），目前普遍处在干气阶段。奥陶系底的生油期从奥陶纪末期一直持续到第三纪，90%的地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末（早海西运动以后）之后（见图3-12），目前普遍处于凝析油-湿气阶段。塔A地区志留、泥盆系基本被剥蚀殆尽，而寒武-奥陶系基本未被剥蚀，总厚度在2000-4000米之间。寒武系底的生油期从寒武纪末期到泥盆纪（511-362Ma），至今大部分处于生气阶段。奥陶系底的生油期从泥盆纪一直到第三纪（404-40Ma），约30%的地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末（早海西运动）之后（见图3-？），至今部分生油岩处于生气阶段。由于受加里东和海西运动的影响，塔A和塔B地区古生界地层普遍存在“二次生油”的现象。两地区石炭-二叠系一般在第三纪开始生油，生油期普遍较短。相对塔B和塔A地工而言，塔C地区受构造运动而遭剥蚀的程度要小得多。寒武-奥陶系总厚度范围为2100-8200米，因此生油层的生油期持续时间很长。寒武系底的生油期从中寒武世到石炭纪（536.5-305Ma）。奥陶系底的生油期从晚奥陶世一直到第三纪晚期（439.5-16.5Ma），仅少数地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末（早海西运动）之后，目前大部分处于凝析油-湿气到干气阶段。石炭、二叠、三叠及侏罗系生油层目前大都处于“生油窗”内。总之，本区是塔A和塔B地区的主要油源区。5）通过对有机包裹体类型和荧光性质的鉴定、数量的统计、以及盐水溶液包裹体均一温度的测定，可以初步了解有机质热演化程度及含油气情况。6）对中生代样品，Tmax反映的成熟度与其它参数基本一致，而对于古生代样品，由于样品成熟度增大，Tmax失去指示成熟度的作用。原油和生油岩生物标志化合物反映的成熟度基本上与其它指标一致，因此在缺乏反射率资料的地区，可用生物标志化合物近似反映成熟度的变化。

Autonomia w nauce języka obcego – co osiągnęliśmy i dokąd zmierzamy?

Niniejszy tom poświęcony jest niezwykle istotnemu zagadnieniu w dydaktyce języków obcych, jakim jest autonomia, rozumiana nie tylko jako zdolność i chęć uczniów do przejęcia choćby części odpowiedzialności za własną naukę, ale również jako gotowość nauczycieli do wyjścia poza ramy instytucjonalne i stworzenia warunków, w których postawy i zachowania o charakterze autonomicznym mogą być rozwijane. Książka stanowi zbiór artykułów opartych na wybranych referatach wygłoszonych podczas konferencji pod hasłem Autonomia ucznia w nauczaniu języków obcych – co osiągnęliśmy i dokąd zmierzamy, zorganizowanej w maju 2007 roku przez Instytut Neofilologii Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej w Koninie oraz Zakład Filologii Angielskiej Wydziału Pedagogiczno-Artystycznego UAM w Kaliszu. Można ją również uznać za kontynuację rozważań nad autonomią zawartych w publikacji z 2004 roku, zatytułowanej Autonomia w nauce języka obcego i będącej pokłosiem pierwszej konferencji poświęconej tej właśnie tematyce.

Hypercapnic acidosis attenuates pulmonary epithelial wound repair by an NF-kappa B dependent mechanism

Background: Hypercapnic acidosis exerts protective effects in acute lung injury but may also slow cellular repair. These effects may be mediated via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), a pivotal transcriptional regulator in inflammation and repair.