992 resultados para Zea Mays


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Neste trabalho realizou-se a purificação das enzimas α e β-amilases de malte de milho combinando os processos de adsorção em leito expandido com o fracionamento por etanol. Alimentaram-se 5 mL de uma solução a 2% de malte de milho em tampão fosfato 0,05 M a pH 5 em uma coluna contendo as resinas de troca iônica Amberlite IRA 410, em leito fixo de 4 cm fluidizado para 8 cm. A eluição foi promovida com NaCl 0,25M com 14 mL/minuto de vazão descendente e o material eluído foi fracionado com álcool etílico nas concentrações de 40-70%, 50-80% e 60-90% (v/v) a 20 e 30 ºC. A recuperação da atividade e o fator de purificação foram de 95% e 23 vezes, respectivamente, na primeira etapa. A melhor condição de fracionamento das enzimas foi apresentada a 50-80% de álcool e 20 ºC, e o fator de purificação ficou acima de 100 vezes.

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This research aimed to develop tortilla chips (TC) high in antioxidants from extruded and nixtamalized blue corn flours prepared with calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and calcium lactate C6H10O6Ca. Tortilla chips were made with extruded flours [0.1% Ca(OH)2; 0.9% C6H10O6Ca; without calcium] and nixtamalized flours [1% Ca(OH)2; 2.95% C6H10O6Ca] using the frying process. Total anthocyanin, total phenolics content, antioxidant activity, color, texture, and oil content were determined. The color of tortilla chips from extruded flours (TCEF) showed high values of the parameters a* and b* indicating a reduction in the blue color. These color parameters were significantly different from those observed in tortilla chips from nixtamalized flours (TCNF), which tended to be more blue. The TCEF retained 15% anthocyanins, 34% phenolics, and 54% antioxidant activity. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that anthocyanins and phenolics correlated significantly with antioxidant activity and color. TCEF with both calcium sources showed higher fracturability compared with that of TCNF. Oil absorption showed an opposite effect, with lower oil content in TCEF. Nixtamalization and extrusion with C6H10O6Ca resulted in flours and TC high in anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, representing an alternative production process for corn snack high in antioxidants.

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AbstractMaize is considered a source of carotenoids; however, these compounds are highly unstable, degraded by high temperatures, exposure to light and presence of oxygen. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the moisture and type of drying applied to grains on the level of carotenoids in yellow maize. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (2 × 4 factorial), two levels of initial moisture at the harvest (22 and 19%) and three types of drying (in the sun; in the shade and in a dryer) and control (no drying). The samples of grains after drying with 12% of final moisture were analyzed by concentration of total carotenoids, carotenes (α-carotene + β-carotene), monohydroxilated carotenoids (β-cryptoxanthin), and xanthophylls (lutein + zeaxanthin). Initial moisture, type of drying and the interaction between moisture versus drying influence (p≤0.05) the levels of carotenoids in grains. This is the first report about the drying conditions and harvest’s initial moisture as influence on the profile and content of carotenoids in maize grains. Based on the results, this work suggested that the harvest be carried out preferably when the grains present 22% humidity, with drying in a dryer or in shade for further use or storage.

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, Especialista en Producción Agrícola) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Especialidad en producción Agrícola) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Especialidad en Producción Agrícola) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Botánica) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Botánica) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Producción Agrícola) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Producción Agrícola) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Producción Agrícola) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias en Producción Agrícola) UANL, 2014.