People's banks: a record of social and economic success,

Introduction. -- The general idea. -- The two problems. -- The two aspects of the question. -- Credit to agriculture. -- The "credit associations" of Schulze-Delizsch. -- Raiffeisen village banks. -- Adaptations. -- "Assisted" co-operative credit. -- Co-operative credit in Austria and Hungary. -- The "Banche popolari" of Italy. -- The "Casse rurali" of Italy. -- Co-operative credit in Belgium. -- Co-operative credit in Switzerland. -- Co-operative credit in France. -- Offshoots and congerers. -- Co-operative credit in India. -- Conclusion. -- Index.

Records of social and economic history.

Mode of access: Internet.

Social and economic aspects of Swedish population movements, 1750-1933,

Mode of access: Internet.

The Social and Economic Impacts of a Washington State Carbon Tax

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Personal uses and perceived social and economic effects of advertising in Bulgaria and Romania

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to uncover the underlying dimensions of, and examine the similarities and differences in, personal uses of advertising, perceived socio-economic effects of advertising, and consumer beliefs and attitudes toward advertising in Bulgaria and Romania. Moreover, it aims to identify the relative importance of the predictors of attitudes toward advertising in the two countries. Design/methodology/approach - The paper draws upon findings of previous research and theoretical developments by Bauer and Greyser, Sandage and Leckenby, and Pollay and Mittal. The study uses a stratified random sample of 947 face-to-face interviews with adult respondents from major urban areas in Bulgaria (507) and Romania (440). Variables are measured on multi-item scales as a typical application of the reflective indicator model. Findings - Results show that there are significant differences between Romanian and Bulgarian respondents in terms of their attitudes toward advertising. Romanians are more positive about advertising as an institution than the instruments of advertising. Romanians seem to accept the role of advertising in a free market economy, but have less confidence in advertising claims and techniques. Bulgarian respondents seem more sceptical toward advertising in general and are less enthusiastic about embracing the role of advertising as an institution. Moreover, Bulgarians are highly negative towards the instruments advertising uses to convey its messages to consumers. Research limitations/implications - The research findings reflect the views of urban dwellers and may not be generalisable to the wider population of the two countries. Interviewer bias was reduced by eliminating verbal or non-verbal cues to the respondents, and by the use of stratified random sampling. Practical implications - The paper suggests that the regulatory role of codes of advertising practice and industry regulating bodies should be enhanced, and their ability to protect consumers enforced. Marketing campaigns should be more inclusive to involve diverse social groups and reflect generally-accepted social norms. Originality/value - This study reveals that, while general attitudes toward advertising may be similar, attitudes toward the institution and instruments of advertising may differ even in countries with geographic proximity and low cultural distance. �� Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

About Problems of Decision Making in Social and Economic Systems

The reasons of a restricted applicability of the models of decision making in social and economic systems. 3 basic principles of growth of their adequacy are proposed: "localization" of solutions, direct account of influencing of the individual on process of decision making ("subjectivity of objectivity") and reduction of influencing of the individual psychosomatic characteristics of the subject (" objectivity of subjectivity ") are offered. The principles are illustrated on mathematical models of decision making in ecologically- economic and social systems.

The Return of Institutions. On the Latest Change in the Research on Social and Economic Development

The paper describes the latest change in the research on social and economic development of states. This change is characterized mainly by a strong emphasis put on the role of institutions as key instruments of reducing the development gap between countries. It is argued that in the years after 1989 institutions have disappeared from mainstream academia and major intellectual debates because of: (1) the widespread belief in global convergence of capitalism and (2) the modernization theory which prevailed in the social science in the 1990s. The article indicates that institutions were once again brought into focus as a result of (1) a wider debate about the institutional sources of growth and development sparked by Acemoglu and Robinson���s Why Nations Fail, (2) the beginning of the global economic crisis of 2008 triggered by the fall of American investment bank Lehman Brothers (3) diversified consequences of the economic crisis seen all over Europe and the USA which illustrate (4) the institutional varieties of capitalism.

MIGRATION PATTERNS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES: ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC EXPLANATIONS

Young adult migration is a key factor in community development. The goal of this paper is to study what kinds of places attract young adults and what kinds are losing them. Linear regression is conducted to analyze what place-specific factors explain migration patterns among young adults. These factors include economic, social, and environmental variables. This study finds that social and environmental factors are just as important as economic ones. Specifically, employment in the arts increases young adult net migration. Environmental variables, for example, natural amenities and protected federal lands are particularly important in rural settings in attracting young adults. These findings suggest that policy makers interested in attracting and retaining young adults should pay closer attention to social and environmental factors and consider creating more opportunities for arts employment in general. For rural areas, improving the attractiveness of natural amenities and better protection of federal lands is also recommended.

Understanding, defining and assessing food systems��� social and economic sustainability indicators: implementation of mixed methodologies for policy insights

Sustainability encompasses the presence of three dimensions that must coexist simultaneously, namely the environmental, social, and economic ones. The economic and social dimensions are gaining the spotlight in recent years, especially within food systems. To assess social and economic impacts, indicators and tools play a fundamental role in contributing to the achievements of sustainability targets, although few of them have deepen the focus on social and economic impacts. Moreover, in a framework of citizen science and bottom-up approach for improving food systems, citizen play a key role in defying their priorities in terms of social and economic interventions. This research expands the knowledge of social and economic sustainability indicators within the food systems for robust policy insights and interventions. This work accomplishes the following objectives: 1) to define social and economic indicators within the supply chain with a stakeholder perspective, 2) to test social and economic sustainability indicators for future food systems engaging young generations. The first objective was accomplished through the development of a systematic literature review of 34 social sustainability tools, based on five food supply chain stages, namely production, processing, wholesale, retail, and consumer considering farmers, workers, consumers, and society as stakeholders. The second objective was achieved by defining and testing new food systems social and economic sustainability indicators through youth engagement for informed and robust policy insights, to provide policymakers suggestions that would incorporate young generations ones. Future food systems scenarios were evaluated by youth through focus groups, whose results were analyzed through NVivo and then through a survey with a wider platform. Conclusion addressed the main areas of policy interventions in terms of social and economic aspects of sustainable food systems youth pointed out as in need of interventions, spanning from food labelling reporting sustainable origins to better access to online food services.

CONSOLIDA����O OU MUDAN��A? UMA AN��LISE FEMINISTA DA PASTORAL DA CRIAN��A

O objetivo central desta tese �� investigar o potencial de transforma����o social da organiza����o n��o-governamental, ligada a CNBB(Confedera����o Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil).- Pastoral da Crian��a - para a liberta����o de mulheres que l�� atuam, das rela����es de domina����o e opress��es inerentes ao contexto kyriarchal. Esta pesquisa procura considerar o espa��o religioso subjacente �� organiza����o em decorr��ncia das influ��ncias das CEBs (Comunidades Eclesiais de Base) e do MRCC (Movimento de Renova����o Cat��lica Carism��tica). �� feita pesquisa de campo na regi��o de Curitiba com observa����es e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com doze mulheres atuando na Pastoral da Crian��a, valorizando-se a rela����o intersubjetiva entre pesquisadora e pessoas envolvidas na pesquisa. A an��lise qualitativa de dados em rela����o ao marco te��rico feminista desenvolvido em Ci��ncias Sociais pela sociologia, psican��lise e tamb��m a teologia, mostra o discurso das representa����es sociais das mulheres envolvidas, a percep����o de suas pr��prias identidades e a import��ncia da organiza����o na constru����o de suas vidas. Nos traz a conclus��o que a organiza����o reproduz o perfil tradicional de mulheres na fun����o materna e facilita a forma����o de redes comunit��rias. Averigua-se que a Pastoral da Crian��a est�� vinculada ao sistema neoliberal de pensamento que reproduz os discursos de domina����o do sistema kyriarchal da hierarquia da Igreja Cat��lica e da medicina higienista. Essas institui����es de apropriam da vida e dos corpos das mulheres e os reduzem ��s suas fun����es meramente biol��gicas, reprodutivas e de cuidados. A Pastoral da Crian��a �� caracterizada por atividades que n��o consideram as causas estruturais da pobreza, mas apenas tentam amenizar os seus efeitos e conseq����ncias. Em suas capacita����es, a organiza����o usa a forma banc��ria de educa����o que reproduz as rela����es de domina����o e depend��ncia de mulheres pobres. A organiza����o, mesmo com a estrutura da ideologia religiosa analisada, n��o est�� vinculada sistematicamente em um espa��o religioso. Sugere-se em rela����o �� situa����o da organiza����o, a abertura das id��ias e valores feministas nos campos da sa��de e religi��o a fim de promover a liberta����o e empoderamento reais de mulheres pobres. Esta recomenda����o est�� ligada com a abertura, a necessidade de reflex��o e de conhecimento, mostradas pelas mulheres entrevistadas durante a pesquisa de campo. Considera-se como limita����o aos resultados da pesquisa, o local pesquisado por n��o ter influ��ncias de movimentos sociais.(AU)