En studie av GIH-studenters erfarenheter av friluftsliv och naturmiljöaktiviteter före utbildning

Syftet med denna studie var att med hjälp av en enkätmetod kartlägga blivande GIH-studenters erfarenhetsbakgrund avseende naturmiljöaktivitet, natursäkerhet och friluftsliv före utbildningen vid GIH. I denna enkätundersökning deltog 92 studenter som just påbörjat sina studier vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan (GIH) i Stockholm höstterminen 2007. Av hela studentpopulationen som deltog i undersökningen var 48 % män och 52 % kvinnor. Av hela populationen som besvarat enkäten var 48 studenter från Lärarprogrammet, 26 studenter från Hälsopedagogprogrammet och 18 studenter från Tränarprogrammet. Enkäten introducerade följande definitioner: Naturmiljöaktivitet – aktivitet som bedrivs i naturen t.ex. orientering, simning, skridskor eller längdskidåkning och där aktiviteten är det väsentliga. Friluftsliv – Aktivitet och vistelse i naturmiljö i syfte att erhålla naturupplevelser samt stimulans och rekreation av psykisk och/eller fysisk art, med eller utan inslag av prestation och utan krav på tävlingsprestation. I skolan bedrivs friluftsliv alternativt naturmiljöaktivitet inom begreppet "Friluftsdag". I enkätens inledning fick deltagarna i undersökningen svara på frågor om ålder, kön, skolbakgrund samt utbildningsort. Resterande tio frågor avsåg att kartlägga erfarenheterna av naturmiljöaktivitet och friluftsliv på fritid och i skolan (grundskola och gymnasium). Frågorna omfattade huvudsakligen kvantifierade svar men även kortfattade beskrivningar förekom som klassificerades i efterhand. Deltagarna fick även gradera sina upplevda kunskaper och färdigheter inom exempelvis olika naturmiljöaktiviteter, miljökunskap (ekologi) samt övernattning och matlagning utomhus. I den avslutande frågan kartlades deltagarnas simkunnighet. En majoritet (ca 70 %) av både manliga och kvinnliga studenter som påbörjar sin utbildning vid GIH har endast en viss eller endast en liten erfarenhet av naturmiljöaktiviteter. Studenter från landsbygden utmärker sig inte när det gäller stor erfarenhet av naturmiljöaktivitet och friluftsliv, frekvensen är lägre hos dem som bott/studerat på landet jämfört med stadsbor. I jämförelsen rörande förekomsten av naturmiljöaktivitet i skolan och på fritiden ligger tonvikten på naturmiljöaktivitet. Endast en begränsad del av svaren representerar aktiviteter som är typiska för friluftsliv med fokus på vistelse och upplevelse av naturen. Friluftsdagarnas innehåll verkar ha divergerat så mycket att även s.k. arenaidrotter som t.ex. friidrott förekommer under friluftsdagarna. Det är viktigt att lärare i skolan och organisationer som verkar för friluftsliv är medvetna om distinktionen mellan naturmiljöaktivitet och friluftsliv. Om enbart naturmiljöaktiviteten fokuseras finns det risk för att naturupplevelsen förflackas och friluftslivet inte blir något annat än fysisk aktivitet i naturen.

Rapport GIH 2008-projektet : Kartläggning av idrottslärarstudenters bakgrundsfaktorer, fysiska prestationsnivå samt implementering av metoder för integrering av teori och praktik samt idrottslig kompetensutveckling i GIH-utbildningen

Lärarstudenter GIH 2008

Musikens påverkan på film : En studie i musikens påverkan på tittarens tolkning av en karaktär.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att bidra med en djupare förståelse för hur musik påverkar uppfattningen av en karaktär i en film. Uppsatsen jämför resultaten från de som studerar inom ämnet musikproduktion med de som studerar inom ämnet bildproduktion på Högskolan Dalarna. Den undersökning som har bedrivits var av både kvantitativ och kvalitativ karaktär. Deltagarna i undersökningen har fått se en filmsekvens i tre olika versioner. Först utan musik, sedan med skräckmusik och avslutningsvis med spänningsmusik. Undersökningen är baserad på Johnny Wingstedts teorier om hur vi påverkas av musiken i vår vardag. Beroende på vilken musik de fick höra i samband med klippen så påverkades deras uppfattning av både karaktären samt handlingen i filmen.

Assessing the physical environment of older people’s residential care facilities: development of the Swedish version of the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (S-SCEAM)

Background There is emerging evidence that the physical environment is important for health, quality of life and care, but there is a lack of valid instruments to assess health care environments. The Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (SCEAM), developed in the United Kingdom, provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical environment of residential care facilities for older people. This paper reports on the translation and adaptation of SCEAM for use in Swedish residential care facilities for older people, including information on its validity and reliability. Methods SCEAM was translated into Swedish and back-translated into English, and assessed for its relevance by experts using content validity index (CVI) together with qualitative data. After modification, the validity assessments were repeated and followed by test-retest and inter-rater reliability tests in six units within a Swedish residential care facility that varied in terms of their environmental characteristics. Results Translation and back translation identified linguistic and semantic related issues. The results of the first content validity analysis showed that more than one third of the items had item-CVI (I-CVI) values less than the critical value of 0.78.  After modifying the instrument, the second content validation analysis resulted in I-CVI scores above 0.78, the suggested criteria for excellent content validity. Test-retest reliability showed high stability (96% and 95% for two independent raters respectively), and inter-rater reliability demonstrated high levels of agreement (95% and 94% on two separate rating occasions). Kappa values were very good for test-retest (κ= 0.903 and 0.869) and inter-rater reliability (κ= 0.851 and 0.832). Conclusions Adapting an instrument to a domestic context is a complex and time-consuming process, requiring an understanding of the culture where the instrument was developed and where it is to be used. A team, including the instrument’s developers, translators, and researchers is necessary to ensure a valid translation and adaption. This study showed preliminary validity and reliability evidence for the Swedish version (S-SCEAM) when used in a Swedish context. Further, we believe that the S-SCEAM has improved compared to the original instrument and suggest that it can be used as a foundation for future developments of the SCEAM model.

Shared-decision making in designing new healthcare environments : ready to take off for improved quality

Background Successful implementation of new methods and models of healthcare to achieve better patient outcomes and safe, person-centered care is dependent on the physical environment of the healthcare architecture in which the healthcare is provided. Thus, decisions concerning healthcare architecture are critical because it affects people and work processes for many years and requires a long-term financial commitment from society. In this paper, we describe and suggest several strategies (critical factors) to promote shared-decision making when planning and designing new healthcare environments. Discussion This paper discusses challenges and hindrances observed in the literature and from the authors extensive experiences in the field of planning and designing healthcare environments. An overview is presented of the challenges and new approaches for a process that involves the mutual exchange of knowledge among various stakeholders. Additionally, design approaches that balance the influence of specific and local requirements with general knowledge and evidence that should be encouraged are discussed. Summary We suggest a shared-decision making and collaborative planning and design process between representatives from healthcare, construction sector and architecture based on evidence and end-users’ perspectives. If carefully and systematically applied, this approach will support and develop a framework for creating high quality healthcare environments.

Sarah Ida Levine Scrapbook

Sarah Ida Levine was born in 1872 and died on June 12, 1934. This scrapbook contains photographs, obituary, a story of Sarah's life by her great-great-granddaughter, scans of various documents, deeds, bills of sale, and also includes biographical information on Sarah's brother, Johnny "Dutch" Levine (1876[?] or 1881[?] - 1950), on their father "Tati" and his sister, Annie Henki Cook, on the Abraham Philip branch of the Levine family, on some Shiro family history, as well as some Wolman/Rosenthal/Saperstein history.

O processo de objetivação, constituição e desdobramento da ontologia dos afetos no Peru : 1530-1630

Resumo não disponível.

Método para funcionamento eficiente e eficaz de uma unidade judiciária: como a representação dos processos de trabalho por meio de fluxogramas pode revolucionar a prestação do serviço jurisdicional nos Juizados Especiais Cíveis

A reforma do Poder Judiciário revela um cenário de insatisfação com o serviço de prestação da tutela jurisdicional. Dentre várias possíveis incursões busca-se com a presente dissertação sustentar que a aplicação de método organizacional de registro das rotinas de trabalho em fluxograma tem potencial elevado para gerar relevante melhoria no tempo de duração do processo. Procedeu-se a explicação de como funciona a técnica de construção de fluxograma, bem como suas vantagens como método organizacional do processo de trabalho a fim de que o leitor tenha condições de bem compreender os trechos de fluxograma construídos. A fim de justificar o potencial do método com fluxogramas também foi realizada exploração de conhecimentos científicos sobre o funcionamento do cérebro humano, fazendo-se demonstração de que a linguagem simbólica do fluxograma melhor atende ao sistema de processamento de informações do cérebro e demonstrando quanto do atual sistema de comunicação tem limitado a evolução do trabalho nas atividades judiciárias e quanta melhoria pode o sistema proposto gerar. Em virtude do alto nível de detalhamento do fluxograma não é possível consolidá-lo numa página de livro, razão pela qual o fluxograma foi desmembrado em pequenos trechos para ser apresentado e explicado. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado na realidade diária de um Juizado Especial Cível durante quatro anos, desde a análise do sistema até as execuções e revisões finais das rotinas de trabalho criadas e registradas em fluxograma. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese construída, vez que houve redução do tempo de trâmite processual, diminuição do número de processos, multiplicação da força de trabalho, dispensa de grandes esforços no treinamento de servidores e aumento de qualidade na realização de cada rotina de trabalho, sem que houvesse necessidade de investimentos financeiros com contratação de mão de obra ou aquisição de equipamentos. Fica evidente que o uso de fluxograma na gestão de uma unidade judiciária será tão importante para o planejamento quanto para uma execução eficiente e eficaz do serviço de prestação jurisdicional.

An exploratory study on how to improve the economy of American Samoa

Deep in the South Pacific region about 2,300 miles southwest of the Hawaiian islands1 lies a United States territory that many Americans have never heard of nor known anything about. However, some famous Americans such as Troy Polamalu of the Pittsburgh Steelers, semi retired professional wrestler Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson, and Hawaii Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard have genealogical roots there. More importantly, many of the Territory’s sons and daughters have served and lost their lives for the United States flag and the cause of freedom around the world. This place is called American Samoa, a collection of seven islands that if glued together would have a total landmass of approximately 76 square miles, just a tad bigger than the capital city of the United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, there were 55,519 residents of American Samoa in 2010.1 The majority of them are ethnic Samoans, a Polynesian sect that traces its history back to early migrants from Southeast Asia who settled the islands around 1500 B.C.2 3 The climate is warm all year long and the forests along the mountains are ripe with vegetation. The main island is Tutuila with its beautiful and coveted landlocked harbor that was used as a coaling station by the United States naval ships during World War II. In fact, it was the Pago Pago Harbor that diminished the impact of the 2009 Tsunami that devastated the Samoan islands by channeling the waters of the Pacific Ocean towards the end of the harbor instead of flooding many other villages surrounding the Pago Pago Bay area. Lives and property were destroyed near the end of the Harbor but it could have been worse for the entire Bay area. Locally grown foods include coconut, taro, banana, guava, sugar cane, papaya, yam, pineapple, and breadfruit. It is completely surrounded by the Pacific Ocean from which the locals obtain a variety of seafood. There is a popular saying in Samoa that goes, “In Samoa, it is impossible to starve 1 American Samoa Department of Commerce, 2012 Statistical Yearbook, http://www.doc.as/wpcontent/uploads/2011/06/2012-Statistical-Yearbook-1.pdf 2 U.S. Census Bureau News, U.S. Census Bureau Releases 2010 Census Population Counts for American Samoa, http://www.census.gov/2010census/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn177.html (Aug. 24, 2011). 3 3 J. Robert Shaffer, American Samoa: 100 Years Under the United States Flag (Honolulu, Hawaii: Island Heritage Publishing, 2000), 34. 4 because people live off of the land’s and the ocean’s abundant resources.” To the west of American Samoa lies a larger group of four islands that make up the Sovereign State of Samoa, which became independent from New Zealand in 1962. Samoa and American Samoa share the same language, culture, and religion but are divided by government and political systems. The focus of this study will be on American Samoa, which became a United States territory in 1900 when the principal chiefs of Tutuila (the largest island in American Samoa) ceded the islands to the United States.

Eficácia de diferentes formulações no controle da mosca haematobia irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados

This study evaluated the effectiveness of cypermethrin (5%) associated to Dichlorvos (45%) and piperonyl butoxide (25%) against Haematobia irritans in naturally infested cattle. 60 Nelore females, aging about 50 months, were separated into four groups with 15animals each. After randomization by the number of flies, the groups were divided in the following treatments: T1 = control, T2 and T4 = treated with the association under study at concentrations of 1: 400 and 1: 800, respectively, T3 = treated with cypermethrin 15% + clorpirivos 25% + citronella 1% (positive control) at a concentration of 1:800. Counst of flies were taken 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post treatment (DPT). In the third DPT, treatments T2, T3 and T4 showed efficacy over 98%. At the seventh day, it was found in animals treated with the compound containing piperonyl butoxide efficacy of 95.61 and 97.3% in the control of flies at dose of 1: 800 and 1: 400, respectively. While cattle in the T3 group demonstrated efficacy of 93.82%. The effectiveness of antiparasitic remained above 95% at 14 degrees DPT in both groups T2 and T4. In the same experimental day, animals of group T3 showed effectiveness of 88.24%. At 21 degrees DPT, only the T2 group, was significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the number of flies when compared to other treatments. Therefore, it was found in this study, the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide on the antiparasitic activity of synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates, representing an effective alternative in the chemotherapy control by the parasitism for horn flies in cattle.

Enhancement of optical absorption by modulation of the oxygen flow of TiO2 films deposited by reactive sputtering

Oxygen-deficient TiO2 films with enhanced visible and near-infrared optical absorption have been deposited by reactive sputtering using a planar diode radio frequency magnetron configuration. It is observed that the increase in the absorption coefficient is more effective when the O-2 gas supply is periodically interrupted rather than by a decrease of the partial O-2 gas pressure in the deposition plasma. The optical absorption coefficient at 1.5 eV increases from about 1 x 10(2) cm(-1) to more than 4 x 10(3) cm(-1) as a result of the gas flow discontinuity. A red-shift of similar to 0.24 eV in the optical absorption edge is also observed. High resolution transmission electron microscopy with composition analysis shows that the films present a dense columnar morphology, with estimated mean column width of 40nm. Moreover, the interruptions of the O-2 gas flow do not produce detectable variations in the film composition along its growing direction. X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman experiments indicate the presence of the TiO2 anatase, rutile, and brookite phases. The anatase phase is dominant, with a slight increment of the rutile and brookite phases in films deposited under discontinued O-2 gas flow. The increase of optical absorption in the visible and near-infrared regions has been attributed to a high density of defects in the TiO2 films, which is consistent with density functional theory calculations that place oxygen-related vacancy states in the upper third of the optical bandgap. The electronic structure calculation results, along with the adopted deposition method and experimental data, have been used to propose a mechanism to explain the formation of the observed oxygen-related defects in TiO2 thin films. The observed increase in sub-bandgap absorption and the modeling of the corresponding changes in the electronic structure are potentially useful concerning the optimization of efficiency of the photocatalytic activity and the magnetic doping of TiO2 films. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4724334]

Phosphate closes the solution structure of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase catalyses the sixth step of the shikimate pathway that is responsible for synthesizing aromatic compounds and is absent in mammals, which makes it a potential target for drugs development against microbial diseases. Here, we report the phosphate binding effects at the structure of the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This enzyme is formed by two similar domains that close on each other induced by ligand binding, showing the occurrence of a large conformation change. We have monitored the phosphate binding effects using analytical ultracentrifugation, small angle X-ray scattering and, circular dichroism techniques. The low resolution results showed that the enzyme in the presence of phosphate clearly presented a more compact structure. Thermal-induced unfolding experiments followed by circular dichroism suggested that phosphate rigidified the enzyme. Summarizing, these data suggested that the phosphate itself is able to induce conformational change resulting in the closure movement in the M. tuberculosis 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crystallographic studies of fish hemoglobins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ammonia volatilization losses from surface-applied urea with urease and nitrification inhibitors

Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) have the potential to improve N-use efficiency of applied urea and minimize N losses via gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH 3) to the atmosphere and nitrate (NO3-) leaching into surface and ground water bodies. There is a growing interest in the formulations of coating chemical fertilizers with both UI and NI. However, limited information is available on the combined use of UI and NI applied with urea fertilizer. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treating urea with both UI and NI to minimize NH 3 volatilization. Two experiments were set up in volatilization chambers under controlled conditions to examine this process. In the first experiment, UR was treated with the urease inhibitor NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide] at a rate of 1060 mg kg -1 urea and/or with the nitrification inhibitor DCD (dicyandiamide) at rates equivalent to 5 or 10% of the urea N. A randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replicates was used: 1) UR, 2) UR + NBPT, 3) UR + DCD 10%, 4) UR + NBPT + DCD 5%, and 5) UR + NBPT + DCD 10%. The fertilizer treatments were applied to the surface of an acidic Red Latosol soil moistened to 60% of the maximum water retention and placed inside volatilization chambers. Controls chambers were added to allow for NH 3 volatilized from unfertilized soil or contained in the air that swept over the soil surface. The second experiment had an additional treatment with surface-applied DCD. The chambers were glass vessels (1.5 L) fit with air inlet and outlet tubings to allow air to pass over the soil. Ammonia volatilized was swept and carried to a flask containing a boric acid solution to trap the gas and then measured daily by titration with a standardized H 2SO 4 solution. Continuous measurements were recorded for 19 and 23 days for the first and second experiment, respectively. The soil samples were then analyzed for UR-, NH4+-, and NO3--N. Losses of NH 3 by volatilization with unamended UR ranged from 28 to 37% of the applied N, with peak of losses observed the third day after fertilization. NBPT delayed the peak of NH 3 losses due to urease inhibition and reduced NH 3 volatilization between 54 and 78% when compared with untreated UR. Up to 10 days after the fertilizer application, NH 3 losses had not been affected by DCD in the UR or the UR + NBPT treatments; thereafter, NH 3 volatilization tended to decrease, but not when DCD was present. As a consequence, the addition of DCD caused a 5-16% increase in NH 3 volatilization losses of the fertilizer N applied as UR from both the UR and the UR + NBPT treatments. Because the effectiveness of NBPT to inhibit soil urease activity was strong only in the first week, it could be concluded that DCD did not affect the action of NBPT but rather, enhanced volatilization losses by maintaining higher soil NH4+ concentration and pH for a longer time. Depending on the combination of factors influencing NH 3 volatilization, DCD could even offset the beneficial effect of NBPT in reducing NH 3 volatilization losses. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.