U.S. Under Secretary of State Richardson's address on Western Europe, NATO. Address made to the Chicago Council on Foreign Affairs, January 21 1970

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Economic Policy Voting and Incumbency: Unemployment in Western Europe

The economic voting literature has been dominated by the incumbency-oriented hypothesis, where voters reward or punish government at the ballot box according to economic performance. The alternative, policy-oriented hypothesis, where voters favor parties closest to their issue position, has been neglected in this literature. We explore policy voting with respect to an archetypal economic policy issue – unemployment. Voters who favor lower unemployment should tend to vote for left parties, since they “own” the issue. Examining a large time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) pool of Western European nations, we find some evidence for economic policy voting. However, it exists in a form conditioned by incumbency. According to varied tests, left incumbents actually experience a net electoral cost, if the unemployment rate climbs under their regime. Incumbency, then, serves to break any natural economic policy advantage that might accrue to the left due to the unemployment issue.

Rehabilitation programs and facilities of western Europe : a report of a survey covering 12 countries /

Mode of access: Internet.

From fief to indenture : the transition from feudal to non-feudal contract in western Europe /

Includes index.

The culture of western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, an introduction.

Includes bibliography.

Notes on the pinks of western Europe /

Descriptions of species in Latin.

The making of western Europe; being an attempt to trace the fortunes of the children of the Roman empire,

Mode of access: Internet.

The later Middle Ages; a history of western Europe, 1254-1494,

Mode of access: Internet.

Competition in the grain market of western Europe /

Cover title.

Recent developments in agricultural production and food consumption in Western Europe /

Chiefly tables.

Food balances in foreign countries : Part 1 : Estimates for 16 countries of Western Europe.

"Prepared by the European Analysis Branch."

A synopsis of the Orthoptera of western Europe ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Economic policy in Western Europe;

Mode of access: Internet.