Overland recycling system for animal waste treatment /

Jan. 1979.

Recycling and the consumer : solid waste management.

Mode of access: Internet.

Separating paper at the waste source for recycling /

"This report (SW-128) was prepared for the Office of Solid Waste Management Programs by Stephen Lingle"--Page 2 of cover.

A planning guide for residential recycling programs in Illinois : drop-off, curbside, yard waste /

"Printed: January 1988."

Local solid waste and recycling officials directory /

Description based on: [1994]; title from cover.

Recycling grant results : a summary of round 2 grants conducted from June 1988 - August 1989 under the Illinois Solid Waste Management Act.

"September 1989."

The responsiveness summary of permit decisions for the city of Lake Forest and DK Recycling Systems, Inc.'s landscape waste compost facility and landscape waste transfer station, Lake Forest, Illinois : hearing file no. 325-97.

"January 1998."

Superfund Reform Act of 1994 : hearings before the Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste Management of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on S. 1834, a bill to amend the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, and for other purposes, February 10; March 2; and April 12, 1994-< >

Shipping list no.: 94-0216-P.

A review of barriers to kerbside recycling household waste in the UK

The aim of this work is to use systematic review methodology to answer the question “What are the current barriers to kerbside recycling of household waste in the UK?” A systematic search of electronic databases and journals was undertaken to identify academic published work. A critical scoping review of research published between 2000 – 2008 profiles theory and research design. The systematic review identified twelve relevant papers, of which seven contain original data. To define the current barriers the explanations of barriers were systematically aggregated into four main categories: household / individual behaviour; services / local situation; attitudes / motivation; information and knowledge. The purpose of the work is to inform future marketing campaigns which will assist the UK to reach the statutory targets of waste diversion. The synthesis will be useful to environmental professionals working in waste authorities and researchers and students. The framework offers an opportunity to develop better marketing and communications strategies to help more people recycle more things more often and will inform future recycling policy development.

Waste 4:electronic-scrap recycling

The Haloclean process, a rotary kiln process for pyrolysis, developed by researchers at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany makes it possible to recover copper and precious metals from the scrap, ready for recycling. Pyrolysis neatly turns brominated electronic scrap plastics into recyclable copper and methanol feedstock while removing the halogens. The process has demonstrated its ability to recycle brominated electronic scrap in extensive parametric studies. A method suitable for the selective production of HBr in the presence of chlorine is the treatment of the pyrolysis oils with molten polypropylene. This treatment is offers the possibility to use the gas and liquid fraction from pyrolysis of electronic scrap as fossil fuel substitute in copper smelter processes or as feedstock for methanol production via gasification.

Construction and demolition waste as a source of PVC for recycling

Construction and demolition waste can contain considerable amounts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This paper describes a study of the recycling of PVC pipes collected from such waste materials. In a sorting facility for the specific disposal of construction and demolition waste, PVC was found to represent one-third of the plastics separated by workers. Pipes were sorted carefully to preclude any possible contamination by poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) found in the waste. The material was ground into two distinct particle sizes (final mesh of 12.7 and 8 mm), washed, dried and recycled. The average formulation of the pipes was determined based on ash content tests and used in the fabrication of a similar compound made mainly of virgin PVC. Samples of recycled pipes and of compound based on virgin material were subjected to tensile and impact tests and provided very similar results. These results are a good indication of the application potential of the recycled material and of the fact that longer grinding to obtain finer particles is not necessarily beneficial.

Benchmarks for recycling practices in commercial office building refurbishment : data collection challenges

In recent years considerable effort has gone into quantifying the reuse and recycling potential of waste generated by residential construction. Unfortunately less information is available for the commercial refurbishment sector. It is hypothesised that significant economic and environmental benefit can be derived from closer monitoring of the commercial construction waste stream. With the aim of assessing these benefits, the authors are involved in ongoing case studies to record both current standard practice and the most effective means of improving the eco-efficiency of materials use in office building refurbishments. This paper focuses on the issues involved in developing methods for obtaining the necessary information on better waste management practices and establishing benchmark indicators. The need to create databases to establish benchmarks of waste minimisation best practice in commercial construction is stressed. Further research will monitor the delivery of case study projects and the levels of reuse and recycling achieved in directly quantifiable ways

Waste minimisation in office refurbishment projects : an Australian perspective

The refurbishment of commercial buildings is growing as a percentage of overall construction activity in Australia and this trend is likely to continue. Refurbishment generates a significant waste stream much of which is potentially reusable or recyclable. Despite this potential, several factors are known to unnecessarily inhibit the amount of recycling that actually occurs on renovation projects. In order to identify the reasons causing this reluctance, a process of project monitoring and expert consultation was carried out. Twenty three experts experienced in commercial refurbishment projects and three waste contractors with specific knowledge of construction waste were interviewed. Records of receipts for waste from a case study project reveal three principal factors inhibiting recycling rates: the presence of asbestos in the building; the continued occupation of the building during construction; and the breaking up of a large project into small separate contracts thereby reducing economies of scale. To ascertain the potential for improvement, current rates for reuse and recycling of materials were collected from the experts. The results revealed a considerable variation in practice between companies and indicated key areas which should be targeted to improve performance.

The efficacy of waste management plans in Australian commercial construction refurbishment projects

Renovation and refurbishment of the existing commercial building stock is a growing area of total construction activity and a significant generator of waste sent to landfill in Australia. A written waste management plan (WMP) is a widespread regulatory requirement for commercial office redevelopment projects. There is little evidence, however, that WMPs actually increase the quantity of waste that is ultimately diverted from landfill. Some reports indicate an absence of any formal verification or monitoring process by regulators to assess the efficacy of the plans. In order to gauge the extent of the problem a survey was conducted of twenty four consultants and practitioners involved in commercial office building refurbishment projects to determine the state of current practice with regard to WMPs and to elicit suggestions with regard to ways of making the process more effective. Considerable variation in commitment to recycling policies was encountered indicating a need to revisit waste minimisation practices if the environmental performance of refurbishment projects is to be improved.