In situ dehydration behavior of veszelyite (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3·2H2O: A single-crystal X-ray study

The rare mixed copper-zinc phosphate mineral veszelyite (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3·2H2O space group P21/c, a = 7.5096(2), b = 10.2281(2), c = 9.8258(2) Å, β = 103.3040(10)°, V = 734.45(3) Å3 was investigated by in situ temperature-dependent single-crystal X-ray structure refinements. The atomic arrangement of veszelyite consists of an alternation of octahedral and tetrahedral sheets. The Jahn-Teller distorted CuO6 octahedra form sheets with eight-membered rings. The tetrahedral sheet composed of PO4 and ZnO3(OH) tetrahedra shows strong topological similarities to that of cavansite, gismondine, and kipushite.Diffraction data of a sample from Zdravo Vrelo, near Kreševo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) have been measured in steps of 25 up to 225 °C. Hydrogen positions and the hydrogen-bond system were determined experimentally from the structure refinements of data collected up to 125 °C. At 200 °C, the hydrogen-bonding scheme was inferred from bond-valence calculations and donor-acceptor distances. The hydrogen-bond system connects the tetrahedral sheet to the octahedral sheet and also braces the Cu sheet.At 150 °C, the H2O molecule at H2O2 was released and the Cu coordination (Cu1 and Cu2) decreased from originally six- to fivefold. Cu1 has a square planar coordination by four OH groups and an elongate distance to O3, whereas Cu2 has the Jahn-Teller characteristic elongate bond to H2O1. The unit-cell volume decreased 7% from originally 734.45(3) to 686.4(4) Å3 leading to a formula with 1 H2O pfu. The new phase observed above 150 °C is characterized by an increase of the c axis and a shortening of the b axis. The bending of T-O-T angles causes an increasing elliptical shape of the eight-membered rings in the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets. Moreover a rearrangement of the hydrogen-bond system was observed.At 225 °C, the structure degrades to an X-ray amorphous residual due to release of the last H2O molecule at H2O1. The stronger Jahn-Teller distortion of Cu1 relative to Cu2 suggests that Cu1 is fully occupied by Cu, whereas Cu2 bears significant Zn. H2O1 is the fifth ligand of Cu2. Zn at Cu2 is not favorable to adopt planar fourfold coordination. Thus, if the last water molecule is expelled the structure is destabilized.This study contributes to understanding the dehydration mechanism and thermal stability of supergene minerals characterized by Jahn-Teller distorted octahedra with mixed Cu, Zn occupancy.

Smart meter privacy by suprression of low power frequency components

This paper focuses on the problems associated with privacy protection in smart grid. We will give an overview of a possible realization of a privacy-preserving approach that encompasses privacy-utility tradeoff into a single model. This approach proposes suppression of low power frequency components as a solution to reduce the amount of information leakage from smart meter readings. We will consider the applicability of the procedure to hide the appliance usage with respect to the type of home devices.

Mediterranean Sea Region, East, 1690-1699 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Accuratissima orientalioris districtus maris Mediterranei tabula, authore Iusto Danckerts. It was published by Iusto Danckerts, between 1690 and 1699. Scale [ca. 1:5,300,000]. Covers the eastern Mediterranean Sea region. Map in Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Mediterranean Sea Region, 1690-1699 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the untitled historic paper map: [Mediterranean sea], authore Iusto Danckerts. It was published by Iusto Danckerts, between 1690 and 1699. Scale [ca. 1:5,300,000]. Covers the Mediterranean Sea region. Map in Latin. Source map issued on two sheets, now pasted together. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial features, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Mediterranean Sea Region, 1700-1710 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte nouvelle de la mer Mediterranée : divisée en mer de Levant et de Ponant, subdivisés en leurs principales parties ou mers : avec les observations des Mrs. de l'Académie, dressée par ... Sanson. It was published by chez Pierre Mortier, between 1700 and 1710. Scale [ca. 1:4,375,000]. Covers the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea regions. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Europe & Mediterranean Sea Region, 1705 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Toonneel des oorlogs in't zuider deel van Europa, door Carel Allard = Theatre de la guerre dans l'Europe meridionale, par Charles Allard. It was published by C. Allard in 1705. Scale [ca. 1:6,800,000]. Covers a portion of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea region. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the eastern portion of the map. Map in Dutch and French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1730-1739 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Routes des postes et des voitures pour les marchandises et pour les voyages par l'Empire dans les principaux Etats de l'Europe, T. Stemmers, sculp. It was published by chez Reinier & Iosue Ottens, between 1730 and 1739. Scale [ca. 1:2,500,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Depths shown by shading.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, ca. 1816 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Deutschland und der gröste Theil der umliegenden Staaten : oder Mittel-Europa in 35 Blättern : nach astronomischen Ortsbestimmungen und den besten Special-Karten, mit Rücksicht auf die neuesten Grenz-Bestimmungen entworfen, zufolge der Wiener Congress-Akte, des Pariser Friedens vom 21ten Nov. 1815, und der neuesten Austauschungen 1816, von H.H. Gotthold ; geschrieben und gestochen von H. Kliewer ; sämtliche Gebürge im Atlas sind gezeichnet und gestochen von Paulus Schmidt, so wie auch die Sectionen 3,11,16,18,19,21,25,26,31 von demselben gestochen worden. It was published by Simon Schropp & Co., ca. 1816. Scale [ca. 1:1,100,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, ground cover, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by shading. Includes also inset index map.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1859 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Neueste Eisenbahn-Karte von Central-Europa : mit genauer Angabe aller Stationen und den influirenden Post-Verbindungen, nach dem neuesten und zuverlässigsten Quellen bearbeitet von U. Hendschel. It was published by Carl Jügel's Verlag in 1859. Scale 1:1,900,000. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, railroads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also scale comparison chart and index of political units.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1872 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Neueste Eisenbahn-Karte von Central-Europa : mit genauer Angabe aller Stationen und den influirenden Post-Verbindungen, nach dem neuesten und zuverlässigsten Quellen bearbeitet von U. Hendschel. It was published by Carl Jügel's Verlag in 1872. Scale 1:1,900,000. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, railroads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also scale comparison chart and index of political units.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe Region, 1695 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: L'Empire d'Allemagne, divisé en tous ses estats : a l'usage de Monseigneur Le Duc De Bourgogne = Nova Imperii Germanici descriptio, in omnes suos circulos, electoratus, &c divisi : ad usum serenissimi Burgundiae Ducis, par ... H. Iaillot. It was published by H. Jaillot in 1695. Scale [ca. 1:2,400,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in French and Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe, 1813 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte générale d'Allemagne comprenant l'empire d'Autriche, la Confédération du Rhin, le Dannemarck, la Prusse et la Pologne, une partie de la Suède, des empires de France, de Russie et de Turquie : avec l'indication des principales routes de ces états et du théâtre de la guerre, gravée par E. Collin. It was published by Direction générale de l'imprimerie in 1813. Scale [ca. 1:2,350,000]. Covers primarily Central Europe and adjacent portions of Europe. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset of Saint Petersburg.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Balkan Peninsula Region, 1800 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Charte vom Türkischen Reiche in Europa : nach den neuesten astronomischen Ortsbestim[m]ungen entworfen und berichtiget auf der Sternwarte Seeberg bey Gotha, gezeichnet von I. C. M. Reinecke. It was published by Verlag des Industrie-Comptoirs in 1800. Scale [ca. 1:3,500,000]. Covers the Balkan Peninsula region. Map in German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Balkan Peninsula Region, ca. 1805 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de la Turquie d'Europe, en 15 feuilles : comprenant toute la côte orientale de la Mer Adriatique, l'archipel, la Morée, l'île de Candie, la Crimée et la partie occidentale de la mer Noire, par P.G. Chanlaire, directeur de l'Atlas national de France. It was published by Chez l'Auteur, Rue Geoffroy-Langevin No. 7, près celle St. Avoye, ca. 1805. Scale [ca. 1:830,000]. Covers the Balkan Peninsula region. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Balkan Peninsula Region, 1700-1709 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Estats de l'Empire des Turqs en Europe : divisés suivant l'estendue des beglerbeglicz, ou gouvernements dans lequels sont marquées les residences, des sangiacs qui'en dependent : ou sont encor la Transylvanie, La Valaquie, la Modavie, La Petite Tartarie &tc, tributaires des Turqs : à l'usage de monseigneur le Duc de Bourgogne, par H. Jaillot. It was published by Chez P. Mortier, between 1700 and 1709. Scale [ca. 1:5,000,000]. Covers the Balkan Peninsula region. Map in French and Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.