419 resultados para Wanderheuschrecken, Flugstoffwechsel, Locusta migratoria, Flugmuskulatur, Trehalose, Trehalaseaktivität


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Fil: Díaz, Candela Victoria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

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We report an investigation of the effects of increases in pCO2 on the survival, growth and molecular physiology of the neritic amphipod Gammarus locusta which has a cosmopolitan distribution in estuaries. Amphipods were reared from juvenile to mature adult in laboratory microcosms at three different levels of pH in nominal range 8.1-7.6. Growth rate was estimated from weekly measures of body length. At sexual maturity the amphipods were sacrificed and assayed for changes in the expression of genes coding for a heat shock protein (hsp70 gene) and the metabolic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh gene). The data show that the growth and survival of this species is not significantly impacted by a decrease in sea water pH of up to 0.5 units. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that there was no significant effect of growth in acidified sea water on the sustained expression of the hsp70 gene. There was a consistent and significant increase in the expression of the gapdh gene at a pH of ~7.5 which, when combined with observations from other workers, suggests that metabolic changes may occur in response to acidification. It is concluded that sensitive assays of tissue physiology and molecular biology should be routinely employed in future studies of the impacts of sea water acidification as subtle effects on the physiology and metabolism of coastal marine species may be overlooked in conventional gross "end-point" studies of organism growth or mortality.

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The accumulation of the disaccharide trehalose in anhydrobiotic organisms allows them to survive severe environmental stress. A plant cDNA, SlTPS1, encoding a 109-kD protein, was isolated from the resurrection plant Selaginella lepidophylla, which accumulates high levels of trehalose. Protein-sequence comparison showed that SlTPS1 shares high similarity to trehalose-6-phosphate synthase genes from prokaryotes and eukaryotes. SlTPS1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in S. lepidophylla. DNA gel-blot analysis indicated that SlTPS1 is present as a single-copy gene. Transformation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae tps1Δ mutant disrupted in the ScTPS1 gene with S. lepidophylla SlTPS1 restored growth on fermentable sugars and the synthesis of trehalose at high levels. Moreover, the SlTPS1 gene introduced into the tps1Δ mutant was able to complement both deficiencies: sensitivity to sublethal heat treatment at 39°C and induced thermotolerance at 50°C. The osmosensitive phenotype of the yeast tps1Δ mutant grown in NaCl and sorbitol was also restored by the SlTPS1 gene. Thus, SlTPS1 protein is a functional plant homolog capable of sustaining trehalose biosynthesis and could play a major role in stress tolerance in S. lepidophylla.

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This research explores the impacts of the most recent U.S. economic crisis on the Mexican immigrant labour market, specifically from the town of Tunkás, Yucatan. Based on Bourdieu.’s theory of Capital production, and the transnational theoretical perspective, this study aims to build a conceptual frame for the migrant’s social capital in modern societies. A key element of this analysis is that a pioneer migrant-woman has initiated the tunkaseño social network in Los Angeles and Orange County, California; and has set the route to migrate to North. Finally this analysis presents how U.S. worksite enforcement policy affects the labour market that tunkaseños encounter in Southern California in the midst of a financial crisis. Tunkás, our Mayan community, native from the Southern Mexican state of Yucatan has experienced a constant migration process to California ever since the Bracero Program started. Mayan migrants have acquired new responsibilities, and a hybrid identity as transnational citizens. Yucatecan migration is defined as a contemporary Mexican migration, mostly undocumented, exacerbated during the nineties, in the midst of the Mexican financial crisis from 1994 to 1997. The present work is part of a broader research that discusses the transformation of Mexican migration patterns of different states of Mexico. This project is based on fieldwork in the communities of origin and destination. As well, on the survey results and life stories obtained during 2005-2006, and 2008-2009 by MMFRP1, where I took part in both editions as a researcher...

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Desde 2004, Médicos Sin Fronteras (MSF) ha proporcionado apoyo médico y psicosocial a los solicitantes de asilo y migrantes retenidos en diferentes centros de detención de inmigrantes en toda Europa (en Grecia, Malta, Italia y Bélgica), donde la vida, la salud y la dignidad humana de las personas vulnerables se ponen en riesgo.

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A partir de la pregunta principal de investigación: ¿qué funciones sociales cumple la fotografía en las migraciones humanas internacionales, particularmente en la experiencia migratoria de pobladores de Tonatico, Estado de México, a Chicago, Illinois?, la tesis: (a) transcurre desde la indagación en los antecedentes de la fotografía de la migración entre México y Estados Unidos; (b) se apoya en obras de John Berger y Jean Mohr (Un séptimo hombre, y, Otra manera de contar), de Pierre Bourdieu (La fotografía: un arte intermedio, y, en Pierre Bourdieu. Argelia imágenes del desarraigo, obra concebida por Franz Schultheis y Christine Frisinghelli), y de Bruno Latour (París ciudad invisible, con fotografías de Emilie Hermant), en las que estos autores usan la fotografía ―y reflexionan sobre ese uso― para comprender la experiencia migratoria, la experiencia social, y los indicios, las huellas, los mapas y panoramas a que da lugar la fotografía ―o se hacen visibles a partir de ésta―; (c) desde la perspectiva de quien ha emigrado y de quien permanece en el lugar de origen, abunda en casos para comprender ―y aprehender― las funciones sociales que la fotografía cumple desde una experiencia migratoria de importancia histórica, social, demográfica, económica y cultural, como es la emigración de habitantes de Tonatico, Estado de México, a Chicago y el norte de su área metropolitana, particularmente a la municipalidad de Waukegan, Illinois ―ahí, y en comunión con el lugar de origen─, es donde la experiencia se concreta, se hace individual y única; ahí, en ese contexto, se define ―casi siempre― su rumbo y su destino; (d) la interpretación de la experiencia migratoria y el papel que la fotografía tiene en ésta, deviene de la mirada de los que emigraron y de los que permanecen en (o han retornado a) el lugar de origen. La fotografía da origen a la palabra de quienes viven la experiencia migratoria directamente, y su voz a las interpretaciones y supuestos que intentan recoger lo aprehendido; (e) finalmente, platea (e.1) que la fotografía de los emigrados (en su migración), y la fotografía que se hace para ellos (de su migración), se asocia a una búsqueda de sentido, de una razón práctica, objetiva, de la migración, y por tanto, de la separación y las rupturas que ésta produce. En la experiencia migratoria nada es impersonal, y cualquier conjetura involucra a las personas que la viven directamente. (e.2) que en Tonatico, si bien la experiencia migratoria es compartida socialmente, las fotografías siguen siendo fundamentalmente parte de la experiencia familiar y personal; aun en el contexto actual de producción, circulación, intercambio y almacenamiento masivo de imágenes fotográficas. (e.3) Mediante la fotografía se comunica y se comparte la experiencia social, aun en donde (como en Tonatico) la migración es tan común que no da ya lugar al asombro, pero sí a la memoria colectiva e individua. En ésta última, las fotografías más valoradas son las que no se comparten, son las que quedan reservadas al espacio privado. (e.4) La fotografía no totaliza la experiencia migratoria, pero es una forma de comunicar y significar ésta. El papel que la fotografía tiene en esa experiencia está ligado a pensamientos y sentimientos ─muchas veces impenetrables─ motivados por ausencia, distancia, zozobra, afectos, discontinuidades, pérdidas, rupturas, abandonos. La fotografía, entonces, se valora en la experiencia migratoria por su capacidad de evocar personas, lugares, tiempos, circunstancias, relaciones; de hacer las veces de alguien ausente; de animar la memoria, la nostalgia, la melancolía; de descubrir e informar novedades, advenimientos, logros, cambios, progresos, éxitos, realizaciones; de estimular o de reprimir el deseo de emigrar.

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No emplear la terminología correcta tiene otras consecuencias más allá de las semánticas. Hay que esforzarse más en educar a las personas —especialmente a aquellas cuyas palabras van a tener una gran repercusión— en el uso correcto de la terminología relacionada con la migración.

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Microfilmed for preservation

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Thesis (doctoral)--Grossherzoglich Mecklenburgische Landesuniversitat Rostock.

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Trehalose is a well known protector of biostructures like liposomes and proteins during freeze-drying, but still today there is a big debate regarding its mechanism of action. In previous experiments we have shown that trehalose is able to protect a non-phospholipid-based liposomal adjuvant (designated CAF01) composed of the cationic dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) and trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (TDB) during freeze-drying [D. Christensen, C. Foged, I. Rosenkrands, H.M. Nielsen, P. Andersen, E.M. Agger, Trehalose preserves DDA/TDB liposomes and their adjuvant effect during freeze-drying, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Biomembr. 1768 (2007) 2120-2129]. Furthermore it was seen that TDB is required for the stabilizing effect of trehalose. Herein, we show using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique that a high concentration of TDB present at the water-lipid interface results in a surface pressure around 67 mN/m as compared to that of pure DDA which is approximately 47 mN/m in the compressed state. This indicates that the attractive forces between the trehalose head group of TDB and water are greater than those between the quaternary ammonium head group of DDA and water. Furthermore, addition of trehalose to a DDA monolayer containing small amounts of TDB also increases the surface pressure, which is not observed in the absence of TDB. This suggests that even small amounts of trehalose groups on TDB present at the water-lipid interface associate free trehalose to the liposome surface, presumably by hydrogen bonding between the trehalose head groups of TDB and the free trehalose molecules. Hence, for CAF01 the TDB component not only stabilizes the cationic liposomes and enhances the immune response but also facilitates the cryo-/lyoprotection by trehalose through direct interaction with the head group of TDB. Furthermore the results indicate that direct interaction with liposome surfaces is necessary for trehalose to enable protection during freeze-drying.