125 resultados para Transportadores macromoleculares


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Several pharmaceutical products have been developed in recent years aiming to enhance the treatment of diseases by increasing the effectiveness of drugs. Many of these new products are based on new drug delivery systems. Among these, microemulsions, which were first studied in 1943 by Hoar and Schulman, is of great interest. Microemulsion can be defined as a thermodynamically stable, isotropic, translucent and transparent system of two immiscible liquids stabilized by a surfactant film located in the oil / water interface. The aim os this work was the incorporation of Amphotericin B and Simvasatin to a microemulsion system and analyzes its physicochemical properties and their therapeutical activity when incorporated into this system. Some very promising results were achieved as the reduction of the toxicity and maintenance of the efficacy of the Amphotericin B incorpored into a microemulsion, which was demonstrated in the in vitro pharmacotoxicological study. As for the incorporation of Simvastatin in microemulsion, it was observed a significant improvement in the potential antiinflammatory and anti-infective properties when the system was use to treat infected wounds (simvastatin pleiotropic effects). Therefore, it can be concluded that the incorporation of these drugs into microemulsion system reveal the potential of microemulsions as a promising and novel dosage form, qualifying them for future trials in order to make them available in the pharmaceutical market

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In this paper we investigate the spectra of band structures and transmittance in magnonic quasicrystals that exhibit the so-called deterministic disorders, specifically, magnetic multilayer systems, which are built obeying to the generalized Fibonacci (only golden mean (GM), silver mean (SM), bronze mean (BM), copper mean (CM) and nickel mean (NM) cases) and k-component Fibonacci substitutional sequences. The theoretical model is based on the Heisenberg Hamiltonian in the exchange regime, together with the powerful transfer matrix method, and taking into account the RPA approximation. The magnetic materials considered are simple cubic ferromagnets. Our main interest in this study is to investigate the effects of quasiperiodicity on the physical properties of the systems mentioned by analyzing the behavior of spin wave propagation through the dispersion and transmission spectra of these structures. Among of these results we detach: (i) the fragmentation of the bulk bands, which in the limit of high generations, become a Cantor set, and the presence of the mig-gap frequency in the spin waves transmission, for generalized Fibonacci sequence, and (ii) the strong dependence of the magnonic band gap with respect to the parameters k, which determines the amount of different magnetic materials are present in quasicrystal, and n, which is the generation number of the sequence k-component Fibonacci. In this last case, we have verified that the system presents a magnonic band gap, whose width and frequency region can be controlled by varying k and n. In the exchange regime, the spin waves propagate with frequency of the order of a few tens of terahertz (THz). Therefore, from a experimental and technological point of view, the magnonic quasicrystals can be used as carriers or processors of informations, and the magnon (the quantum spin wave) is responsible for this transport and processing

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Oxygen carriers are metal oxides which have the ability to oxidize and reduce easily by various cycles. Due to this property these materials are widely usedin Chemical-Looping Reforming processes to produce H2 and syngas. In this work supports based on MCM-41 and La-SiO2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method. After the synthesis step they were calcined at 550°C for 2 hours and characterized by TG, XRD, surface area using the BET method and FTIR spectroscopy. The deposition of active phase, in this case Nickel, took place in the proportions of 5, 10 and 20% by weight of metallic nickel, for use as oxygen carriers.The XRD showed that increasing in the content of Ni supported on MCM-41 resulted in a decrease in spatial structure and lattice parameter of the material. The adsorption and desorption curves of the MCM-41 samples exhibited variations with the increase of Ni deposited. Surface area, average pore diameter and wall density of silica showed significant changes , due to the increase of the active phase on the mesoporous material. By other hand, in the samples with La-SiO2 composition was not observed peaks characteristic of hexagonal structure, in the XRD diffractogram. The adsorption/desorption isotherms of nitrogen observed are type IV, characteristic of mesoporous materials. The catalytic test indicates that the supports have no influence in the process, but the nickel concentration is very important, because the results for minor concentration of nickel are not good. The ratio H2/O2 was close to 2, for all 15 cycles involving the test storage capacity of O2, indicating that the materials are effective for oxygen transport

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Dispersions composed of polyelectrolyte complexes based on chitosan and poly(methacrylic acid), PMAA, were obtained by the dropping method and template polymerization. The effect of molecular weight of PMAA and ionic strength on the formation of chitosan/poly(methacrylic acid), CS/PMAA, complexes was evaluated using the dropping method. The increase in molecular weight of PMAA inhibited the formation of insoluble complexes, while the increase in ionic strength first favored the formation of the complex followed by inhibiting it at higher concentrations. The polyelectrolyte complexation was strongly dependent on macromolecular dimensions, both in terms of molecular weight and of coil expansion/contraction driven by polyelectrolyte effect. The resultant particles from dropping method and template polymerization were characterized as having regions with different charge densities: chitosan predominating in the core and poly(methacrylic acid) at the surface, the particles being negatively charged, as a consequence. Albumin was adsorbed on templatepolymerized CS/PMAA complexes (after crosslinking with glutardialdehyde) and pH was controlled in order to obtain two conditions: (i) adsorption of positively charged albumin, and (ii) adsorption of albumin at its isoelectric point. Adsorption isotherms and zeta potential measurements showed that albumin adsorption was controlled by hydrogen bonding/van der Waals interactions and that brushlike structures may enhance adsorption of albumin on these particles

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Nas últimas décadas tem havido uma crescente abordagem física no estudo de moléculas e sistemas macromoleculares de interesse biológico. Essa abordagem inclui tanto aspectos experimentais quanto teóricos. de fato, há um vasto campo a ser explorado pela física nessa área. Discutimos neste texto as características gerais e formação básica do profissional interessado em ter como objeto o estudo de sistemas biomoleculares, tanto em nível de graduação como na pós-graduação. Nessa linha de pensamento, assuntos como a formação básica e os fundamentos biológicos e físicos são discutidos.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

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O presente estudo descreve um método eficiente e simples utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) acoplada a detector de fluorescência para determinação dos parâmetros cinéticos da captação de glutamato (glu) no sistema nervoso central (SNC). O tecido retiniano embrionário de ave com sete dias de desenvolvimento foi incubado com concentrações conhecidas de glu (50-500 μM) por dez minutos. Os níveis do aminoácido derivado a partir de ortoftaldeído (OPA) no meio de incubação foram mensurados. Após avaliar a diferença entre a concentração de glu inicial e a final no meio, foi determinada a saturação do mecanismo de captação (Km = 8,2 e Vmax = 9,8 nmol/mg proteína/minuto). Estas determinações foram dependentes e independentes de sódio e temperatura, indicando que o mecanismo que regula a diminuição dos níveis de glu no SNC, é a captação via transportadores de alta afinidade. Além disso, o cloreto de zinco (ZnCl) (um inibidor do transportador glu/aspartato) foi utilizado em diversas concentrações e evocou diminuição da captação de glu. Com isto, destaca-se a elevada aplicabilidade desta metodologia. Além deste trabalho caracterizar metodologia alternativa para avaliar captação de glu no SNC usando CLAE, também pode ser importante ferramenta para estudos relacionados à caracterização do transporte do neurotransmissor durante injúrias no SNC.

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A Chromobacterium violaceum é uma beta-proteobactéria Gram-negativa comum da microbiota tropical e um patógeno oportunista para animais e humanos. A infecção causada pela C. violaceum apresenta alta taxa de mortalidade, mas os mecanismos da patogenicidade ainda não foram caracterizados. Como outros microorganismos ambientais, essa bactéria está exposta a condições externas muito variáveis, que exigem grande adaptabilidade e sistemas de proteção eficientes. Entre esses sistemas encontra-se um operon arsRBC de resistência ao arsênio, metaloide danoso à saúde humana associado a lesões de pele, doenças neurológicas e câncer. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as alterações na expressão proteica de C. violaceum ATCC 12472 na presença do arsenito e caracterizar as diversas proteínas secretadas pela bactéria. As proteínas da C. violaceum foram analisadas por eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massas. A análise proteômica revelou que o arsenito induz um aumento na quantidade das proteínas envolvidas na resposta ao estresse oxidativo, reparo do DNA e metabolismo energético. Entre as proteínas secretadas, foram identificados fatores de virulência (metalopeptidases, colagenase e toxinas), transportadores, proteínas de proteção contra estresses e com potencial aplicação biotecnológica. Os resultados mostraram que a C. violaceum possui um arsenal molecular de adaptação que a torna capaz de conservar suas atividades celulares e provocar lesões em outros organismos.