Characteristics of culturally and linguistically diverse mental health clients

The present study examined Queensland Transcultural Mental Health Centre (QTMHC) client characteristics in order to provide a better understanding for development of future health service delivery models. Archived data that was collected for 1499 clients over two years period (2007-2009) was analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi squares. The results indicated that clients were referred from a range of sources and were generally adults. There were more women than men, who sought services. At least half of the clients had language barriers and relied on bilingual workers. Most frequently expressed mental health issues were mood disorder symptoms, followed by symptoms of schizophrenia and psychosis and anxiety. Acculturation strains and stressors were described as the most common psychosocial issues. Mental health and psychosocial issues differed for age, gender and world regions from which the CALD clients originated. The findings provided an understanding of clients who seek services at QTMHC. Various ways in which transcultural services and data bases can be further improved are discussed.

Cultivating the pedagogy of experience through international field trips : beyond the national context

Urban and regional planners, in the era of globalization, require being equipped with necessary skill sets to better deal with complex and rapidly changing economic, sociocultural, political, and environmental fabrics of cities and their regions. To provide such skill sets, urban and regional planning curriculum of Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, offers planning practice in the international context. This article, first, reports the findings of pedagogic analyses of the international field trips conducted to Malaysia, Korea, Turkey, and Taiwan. The article, then, discusses the opportunities and constraints of exposure of students to planning practice beyond the Australian context.

Dislocations of desire : the transnational movement of gifts within the Vietnamese diaspora

Gifts have intrigued and challenged scholars ever since interest in the subject was piqued by Marcel Mauss who, in 1925, wrote the book The gift: The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies. Although ethnographic studies of giftgiving have been mostly confined to small-scale communities, scholars have more recently turned their attention to industrial societies, with studies of Christmas giving, Japanese gift-giving, etc. Now, as studies of consumption are entering a phase of efflorescence, it is time to re-evaluate gift-giving. The recent rapid expansion in the transnational flow of people, objects and ideas has had an impact on the social conditions associated with new global patterns of consumption. In this atmosphere of overlapping cultural, economic and political worlds, there is a need to look again at the objects that pass between us as gifts...

Understanding cultural competence in a multicultural nursing workforce : registered nurses’ experience in Saudi Arabia

Purpose In Saudi Arabia, the health system is mainly staffed by expatriate nurses from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Given the potential risks this situation poses for patient care, it is important to understand how cultural diversity can be effectively managed in this multicultural environment. The purpose of this study was to explore notions of cultural competence with non-Saudi Arabian nurses working in a major hospital in Saudi Arabia. Design Face-to-face, audio-recorded, semistructured interviews were conducted with 24 non-Saudi Arabian nurses. Deductive data collection and analysis were undertaken drawing on Campinha-Bacote’s cultural competence model. The data that could not be explained by this model were coded and analyzed inductively. Findings Nurses within this culturally diverse environment struggled with the notion of cultural competence in terms of each other’s cultural expectations and those of the dominant Saudi culture. Discussion The study also addressed the limitations of Campinha-Bacote’s model, which did not account for all of the nurses’ experiences. Subsequent inductive analysis yielded important themes that more fully explained the nurses’ experiences in this environment. Implications for Practice The findings can inform policy, professional education, and practice in the multicultural Saudi setting.

Rethinking cultural sensitivity

The concept of cultural sensitivity is located within the tradition of anthropology and the history of colonisation and immigration in Australian society. This history provides a basis for examining the largely uncritical introduction of cultural considerations to the discipline of nursing. This paper argues that contemporary understandings of multiculturalism in nursing and health care policy tend to obscure, ignore and thus perpetuate notions of racial superiority. Recent works in transcultural nursing are med to illustrate the way in which ahistorical and therefore quite arbitrary traits are attributed to particular cultural groups. This perspective, given legitimacy in terms of cultural sensitivity, encourages political neutrality and thereby avoids questioning the discriminatory practices embedded in fundamental social relations.

Rethinking cultural sensitivity : a response to criticism

We welcome Olga Kanitsaki’s comments on our paper ‘Rethinking cultural sensitivity’ (Nursing Inquiry 1996 3: 3-10) and appreciate the opportunity to respond. The main point we seek to emphasize here is the fundamental difference between our position and that of Kanitsaki. Our analysis is based on the recognition that the term ‘culture’ is historically and politically grounded. Its meaning changes over time and its contemporary usage (and popularity) thus demands explanation. The analytical task we undertook in our work was to emphasize the politics of culture rather than posing the political as one of a number of cultural dimensions (alongside the social, religious or technological)...

Lost in translation? : Translating allusions in two of Reginald Hill's Dalziel & Pascoe novels

This study examines strategies used to translate various thematic and character delineating allusions in two of Reginald Hill's detective novels, The Wood Beyond and On Beulah Height and their Swedish translations Det mörka arvet and Dalen som dränktes. In this study, thematic allusions and allusions used in character delineation are regarded as intertextual networks. Intertextual networks comprise all the texts that are in one way or another embedded into a text, all the texts referred to in it and even the texts somehow rejected from a text's own canon. Studying allusions as intertextual networks makes it warranted to pay minute attention to even the smallest of details. Seen together, these little details form extensive networks of meaning that readers use to interpret the text. Allusion can be defined as a reference, often covert or indirect, to another text in a way that brings into the text some of the associations of that other text. A text is here understood broadly, hence sources of allusions include all cultural texts from literature and history to cinema and televisions serials. Allusions are culture bound and each culture tends to allude to its own cultural products. The set of transcultural allusions is therefore fairly small. Translation strategies are translatorial ways of solving translation problems. Being culture-bound, allusions are potential translation problems. In order to transmit the thoughts evoked by the allusions in source text readers to the target text readers translators may add guidance to the translated text. Often guidance is not added, which may result in changes in handling of themes or character delineation, clear in the source text but confusing or incomprehensible in the target text. However, norms in target culture may not always allow the translators the possibility to make the text comprehensible. My analyses of translation strategies show that in the two translated novels studied minimum change is a very frequently used strategy. This results in themes and character delineation losing some of the effect they have in the source texts. Perhaps surprisingly, the result is very much the same even where it is possible to discern that the two translators have had differing translation principles. Keywords: allusions, intertextuality, literary translation, translation strategies, norms, crime fiction, Hill, Reginald

La música orquestal peruana de 1945 a 2005 : Identidades en la diversidad

Peruvian orchestral music 1945–2005. Identities in diversity Peruvian music for orchestra has not been studied as a whole before, and is hardly known by Peruvian musicians and public. The aim of the thesis is to give a panoramic view of Peruvian orchestral music after 1945, study the particular historical context in which these works were created and how they reflect the search for a musical identity of its own, be it individual, local, national or Latin American. Identity is a construction that changes permanently, and individuals can share many identities at the same time. This is a central issue in multicultural societies as the Peruvian, and music is an important mean for constructing cultural identity. The hypothesis of this research is that orchestral work is a medium for Peruvian composers to express their relationship with traditional and popular musics of the country in different ways, from quotation of melodies to a more abstract appropiation of concepts or suggestive title references. Representative works by selected composers, of different techniques, styles or special reception are chosen and analyzed. Research methodology includes analysis of works with various methods according to their stylistic and technical features, in order to find the particular ways in which composers have approached or expressed diverse identities. The investigation shows that Peruvian orchestral music includes works in the main stylistic trends and using the main compositional techniques of the modernist and postmodern periods. It also shows that the construction and expression of particular identities through the study and use of other Peruvian musical traditions is a constant interest shared by composers of different age and esthetic. In a multicultural society as the Peruvian, characterized by its diversity, different forms of transcultural composition are an important mean of dealing with identity issues in music. This thesis also includes for the first time a list of all orchestral works composed in the country or by Peruvian composers in the period, their composers and genres. KEYWORDS: Peruvian music, contemporary music for orchestra, identity

Media convergence

"The book brings together experts from Media and Communication Studies with Postcolonial Studies scholars to illustrate how the two fields may challenge and enrich each other. Its essays introduce readers to selected topics including »Media Convergence«, »Transcultural Subjectivity«, »Hegemony«, »Piracy« and »Media History and Colonialism«. Drawing on examples from film, literature, music, TV and the internet, the contributors investigate the transnational dimensions in today's media, engage with local and global media politics and discuss media outlets as economic agents, thus illustrating mechanisms of power in postcolonial and neo-colonial mediascapes."--Publisher website

Knowledge unlatched : A global library consortium model for funding Open Access scholarly books

Specialist scholarly books, including monographs, allow researchers to present their work, pose questions and to test and extend areas of theory through long-form writing. In spite of the fact that research communities all over the world value monographs and depend heavily on them as a requirement of tenure and promotion in many disciplines, sales of this kind of book are in free fall, with some estimates suggesting declines of as much as 90% over twenty years (Willinsky 2006). Cashstrapped monograph publishers have found themselves caught in a negative cycle of increasing prices and falling sales, with few resources left to support experimentation, business model innovation or engagement with digital technology and Open Access (OA). This chapter considers an important attempt to tackle failing markets for scholarly monographs, and to enable the wider adoption of OA licenses for book-length works: the 2012 – 2014 Knowledge Unlatched pilot. Knowledge Unlatched is a bold attempt to reconfigure the market for specialist scholarly books: moving it beyond the sale of ‘content’ towards a model that supports the services valued by scholarly and wider communities in the context of digital possibility. Its success has powerful implications for the way we understand copyright’s role in the creative industries, and the potential for established institutions and infrastructure to support the open and networked dynamics of a digital age.

O despertar do budismo no ocidente no século XXI: contrbuição ao debate

Esta tese apresenta como um dos seus aspectos fundamentais a compreensão de outra cultura, outra versão, outro conjunto de valores: o pensamento indiano, berço da Ahamkãra a consciência individual, o eu e das práticas ascéticas de origem pré-ariana e autóctone. No interior dessa tradição, foram escolhidos os ensinamentos do Buddha Shãkyamuni, por sua absoluta originalidade na concepção da individualidade, transformando radicalmente as concepções de subjetividade existentes em sua época. O intuito, ao buscar uma tradição em tudo diferente da nossa, é, por dirigir o foco para o mais contrastante, iluminar nossa própria tradição, enriquecer o campo de discussão das novas matrizes de subjetivação em nossa sociedade ocidental pós-moderna e globalizada. Com essa abordagem objetiva-se contribuir para o debate em torno do despertar do budismo ocidental, no séc. XXI, lançando algumas linhas de reflexão que auxiliem, por um lado, a contextualizar esse acontecimento, e, por outro, a ampliar o debate sobre as questões relativas à noção de sujeito, utilizada pelos teóricos da psicanálise, através da apresentação de uma outra versão, a do eu budista. A comparação entre uma forma de individualidade oriunda de uma sociedade tradicional e holista e a forma da individualidade contemporânea, oriunda de uma sociedade secularizada e individualista, é possível através do que Harpham denomina imperativo ascético, uma força estruturante primária e transcultural. Nesse sentido visualiza-se uma relação entre as práticas ascéticas e a construção do eu. Segundo Mauss, o eu também é uma categoria universal, presente em todas as culturas. Assim como se encontram variações sobre o repertório das práticas ascéticas disponíveis em diferentes culturas, encontram-se variações na forma da subjetividade, de acordo com o seu solo cultural e sua paisagem mental. Fizemos uma conexão entre as práticas ascéticas indianas e o que denominamos de identificação mística, a partir da qual foi possível inferir essa imbricação entre ascetismo, construção e sacralização do eu nos primórdios da civilização indiana. Com o budismo ocorre uma espécie de descentramento, a sacralização é estendida a todo o cosmo, as práticas de meditação sintonizam com todos os seres, com todos os animais, para eliminar as causas do sofrimento. O budismo nasce com uma vocação universalista e leva para fora das fronteiras da Índia esse eu construído a partir dos conceitos da Ãhimsa, a não-violência, e da noção de ausência de existência inerente, inscritos no pensamento budista há dois mil e quinhentos anos, despertando o interesse do ocidente após um longo período de obscurecimento.

Insatisfacción corporal y práctica de actividad física y deportiva en adolescentes de Gipuzkoa

238 p.

Validade e confiabilidade do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida para Pacientes Orto-cirúrgicos (B-OQLQ)

O Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) foi desenvolvido em 2000 e validado em 2002, com o objetivo de analisar os impactos e benefícios do tratamento orto-cirúrgico na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a validade de construto e confiabilidade da versão brasileira deste instrumento, B-OQLQ, para verificar se, no processo de adaptação transcultural, as propriedades psicométricas do questionário original foram mantidas. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo seccional com uma amostra composta por cento e um pacientes com necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) e na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), utilizando o B-OQLQ na forma de autopreenchimento. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 26,51 (dp= 9,25), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (58,42%; n=59) e maior que 21 anos (n=68, 67,33%). Quanto ao tipo de cirurgia, 42,57% (n=43) da amostra necessitavam fazer procedimento cirúrgico que envolveria as duas bases ósseas, 16,83% (n=17) necessitavam operar apenas uma das bases ósseas e para 40,59% (n=41) dos pacientes ainda não era possível definir qual o tipo de cirurgia seria necessária. Uma ortodontista treinada examinou os dentes dos pacientes para registrar o Índice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados (CPOD). A validade de construto foi acessada através do teste de correlação de Spearman entre as pontuações do B-OQLQ e do questionário Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) e das pontuações do B-OQLQ com as pontuações obtidas através de indicadores subjetivos e objetivos de saúde. A confiabilidade foi acessada em termos de consistência interna e estabilidade (teste-reteste), utilizando-se o alfa de Cronbach e o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI), respectivamente. Os escores do B-OQLQ se correlacionaram significativamente com: o escore total do OHIP-14 (rs=0,70, p<0,001), a saúde bucal percebida (rs=-0,24, p=0,02), a qualidade de vida medida por um item único de avaliação (rs=-0,29, p=0,03), a satisfação com a aparência física (rs=-0,40, p<0,001) e a satisfação com a aparência facial (rs=-0,39, p=0,0001). Foi encontrada uma associação entre a faixa etária e o escore total do B-OQLQ (p=0,0012), sendo que pacientes maiores de 21 anos obtiveram escores mais elevados que pacientes mais novos. A associação entre o escore total do B-OQLQ e o tipo de cirurgia não foi estatisticamente significativa. O alfa de Cronbach e o CCI foram 0,95 e 0,90, respectivamente. Os domínios do B-OQLQ que mais causaram impacto na qualidade de vida foram aspectos sociais da deformidade (13,0; dp= 10,54) e estética facial (11,81; dp= 6,23). A versão brasileira do questionário OQLQ se mostrou um instrumento válido e confiável, com boas propriedades psicométricas podendo, portanto, ser considerada um instrumento apropriado para acessar o impacto da deformidade dentofacial na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores desta condição.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Nonarthritic Hip Score para o Brasil

A avaliação da qualidade de vida tem sido cada vez mais utilizada pelos profissionais da área de saúde para mensurar o impacto de doenças na vida dos pacientes, bem como para avaliar os resultados dos tratamentos realizados. O crescente interesse por protocolos de pesquisa clínica em doenças não degenerativas do quadril tem encontrado muitos obstáculos na avaliação objetiva de seus resultados, principalmente nos estudos de observação de novas intervenções terapêuticas, como a artroscopia. O Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) é um instrumento de avaliação clínica, desenvolvido originalmente em inglês, cujo objetivo é avaliar a função da articulação do quadril em pacientes jovens e fisicamente ativos. O objetivo desse estudo foi traduzir esse instrumento para a língua portuguesa, adaptá-lo para a cultura brasileira e validá-lo para que possa ser utilizado na avaliação de qualidade de vida de pacientes brasileiros com dor no quadril, sem doença degenerativa. A metodologia utilizada é a sugerida por Guillemin et al. (1993) e revisado por Beaton et al. (2000), que propuseram um conjunto de instruções padronizadas para adaptação cultural de instrumentos de qualidade de vida, incluindo cinco etapas: tradução, tradução de volta, revisão pelo comitê, pré-teste e teste, com reavaliação dos pesos dos escores, se relevante. A versão de consenso foi aplicada em 30 indivíduos. As questões sobre atividades esportivas e tarefas domésticas foram modificadas, para melhor adaptação à cultura brasileira. A versão brasileira do Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS-Brasil) foi respondida por 64 pacientes com dor no quadril, a fim de avaliar as propriedades de medida do instrumento: reprodutibilidade, consistência interna e validade. A reprodutibilidade foi 0,9, mostrando uma forte correlação; a consistência interna mostrou correlação entre 0,8 e 0,9, considerada boa e excelente; a validade foi considerada respectivamente boa e excelente; a correlação entre NAHS-Brasil e WOMAC foi 0,9; e a correlação entre o NAHS-Brasil e Questionário Algofuncional de Lequesne foi 0,79. O Nonarthritic Hip Score foi traduzido para a língua portuguesa e adaptado à cultura brasileira, de acordo com o conjunto de instruções padronizadas para adaptação cultural de instrumentos de qualidade de vida. Sua reprodutibilidade, consistência interna e validade foram também demonstradas.