Learning across business sectors: facets of innovation in aerospace and construction

Innovation is notoriously difficult to define and is invariably intertwined with issues of knowledge creation, continuous improvement and organisational change. An extensive literature classifies numerous types of innovation and militates against any simplistic attempt at definition. It is widely accepted that innovation is at least partly dependent upon the surrounding environment. Industry recipes and institutionally embedded practices shape the environment within which innovation occurs. Recent research directions have addressed the diffusion of innovation and its dependence upon social and institutional structures. In this respect, it is highly pertinent to compare the way that innovation is interpreted and enacted in different industrial sectors. The comparison between UK aerospace and construction is especially revealing because the two sectors are so different and therefore constitute radically different climates for innovation. Empirical research is reported based on semi-structured interviews with practitioners from both sectors. Interpretations of innovation are found to differ dramatically between aerospace and construction. Within the context of an ongoing struggle to define innovation, both industries are striving to become more innovative. The aerospace sector is found to emphasise technical innovation whereas the construction sector emphasises process innovation. An overriding cultural bias in Western economies towards technological innovation results in the common perception that aerospace is much more innovative than construction. The experienced realities of practitioners in the two sectors are much more complex.

Mediterranean agriculture under climate change: adaptive capacity, adaptation, and ethics

In the coming decades, the Mediterranean region is expected to experience various climate impacts with negative consequences on agricultural systems and which will cause uneven reductions in agricultural production. By and large, the impacts of climate change on Mediterranean agriculture will be heavier for southern areas of the region. This unbalanced distribution of negative impacts underscores the significance and role of ethics in such a context of analysis. Consequently, the aim of this article is to justify and develop an ethical approach to agricultural adaptation in the Mediterranean and to derive the consequent implications for adaptation policy in the region. In particular, we define an index of adaptive capacity for the agricultural systems of the Mediterranean region on whose basis it is possible to group its different sub-regions, and we provide an overview of the suitable adaptation actions and policies for the sub-regions identified. We then vindicate and put forward an ethical approach to agricultural adaptation, highlighting the implications for the Mediterranean region and the limitations of such an ethical framework. Finally, we emphasize the broader potential of ethics for agricultural adaptation policy.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions

This study focuses on regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and offers a complex model of start-ups, Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index (REDI) and six domains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (culture, formal institutions, infrastructure and amenities, IT, Melting Pot and demand). Altogether they capture the contextual features of socioeconomic, institutional and information environment in cities. To explain variations in entrepreneurship in a cross-section of 70 European cities, we utilize exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling for regional systems of entrepreneurship using individual perception surveys by Eurostat and the REDI. This study supports policymakers and scholars in development of new policies conducive to regional systems of innovation and entrepreneurship and serves as a basis for future research on urban entrepreneurial ecosystems.

Physical attributes of kaolinitic and oxidic oxisols resulting from different usage systems

A mineralogia da fração argila e os sistemas de uso exercem fundamental importância na estrutura do solo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, caulinítico (LVd), e, de um Latossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico, oxídico (LVef), sob diferentes sistemas de uso, localizados no município de Jaboticabal (SP), Brasil. Os sistemas de uso foram: cana-de-açúcar; algodão e mata. Foram avaliadas a densidade do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,1, 0,1-0,2, 0,2-0,3, 0,3-0,4 m. O Latossolo caulinítico (LVd) apresentou maior densidade do solo e menor porosidade total, macro e microporosidade. O uso aumentou a densidade do solo na profundidade de 0,0-0,3 m, com efeitos maiores no Latossolo caulinítico, principalmente na profundidade de 0,1-0,2 m na área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar.

Planejamento e ordenamento territorial do turismo na região metropolitana de Natal-RN

This work entitled "Planning and Tourism Territorial Management in the Metropolitan Region of Natal-RN" analyzes the tourism and its relationship to (re) production of socio-territorial inequalities in the metropolitan region of Natal (RMNatal) to from the planning and territorial management of the activity. For both, the methodological procedures were undertaken from research held about of literature on tourism, planning and territorial management, surveying and public policy analysis of tourism in national and local as well as the construction of levels of integration and differentiation of metropolitan municipalities in relation to tourism. Besides the shortage of studies on this subject, this research has shown that public policies focused on this sector has come under a great fragility in regard to tourism planning in Brazil and in Rio Grande do Norte, causing the planning activity is a strong array of fragmentation and socio-territorial inequalities in RMNatal

Os elementos do espaço turístico da fronteira Brasil-bolívia

The geographical space aimed by this study was the Brazil-Bolivia border, involving the urban areas of the Brazilian city, Corumbá, and the Bolivian ones, Puerto Quijarro and Puerto Suárez. The objective of this study was to analyze the touristic border spaces, speculating about their similarities and divergences regarding integrated planning. Secondary data, resulting from field work, was used in the methodology. The border generates a tangled web of relationships and streams. The presented spatial elements mix complex rationalities, sometimes approaching, sometimes denying and even disregarding the possibilities that can be translated by the border.

Report of the meeting on methodologies for disaster assessment-a regional approach

.--Background.--Agenda item 1 Welcome and opening remarks.--Agenda item 2 The Vulnerability of Small Island Developing States.--Agenda item 3 Methodologies for Risk Reduction at the Community Level.--Agenda item 4 Methodologies for Disaster Impact Assessment.--Agenda item 5 Ongoing Initiatives in Disaster Risk Reduction.--Agenda item 6 Optimizing the use of existing methodologies for addressing disasters.--Agenda item 7 Innovative financing mechanisms for risk reduction.--Agenda item 8 Regional collaboration for disaster risk reduction.--Agenda item 9 Simulation exercise.--Agenda item 10 Wrap-up, reflection and charting the way forward.--The Way Forward.--Immediate Tasks.--Annex - List of Participants.

Avaliação tecnológica, operacional e de gestão de sistemas híbridos para geração de eletricidade na Região Amazônica

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em contribuir com o conhecimento sobre os sistemas híbridos de energia implantados na Região Amazônica e baseados no aproveitamento das fontes de energia solar, eólica e diesel-elétrica. O trabalho apresenta primeiramente o estado-da-arte dos sistemas híbridos, caracterizando sua evolução histórica, os principais tipos e classificações, a composição básica e os prós e contras da eletrificação usando esses tipos de sistemas. Em seguida, é feita a identificação e a descrição dos sistemas regionais através das referências bibliográficas existentes e de informações coletadas em pesquisas de campo. As características técnicas, operacionais, econômicas e de gerenciamento desses sistemas são analisadas sucintamente, servindo de base às proposições de modelos para sistemas híbridos, que influenciam diretamente sobre a estratégia de operação e gestão dos sistemas híbridos regionais. Esses modelos, depois de implementados, permitirão a otimização da operação dos sistemas e sua sustentabilidade.

Paraguai 2012: o papel do Brasil e a ação da Unasul

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Continuidades y rupturas en el discurso regional argentino : El proceso de construcción conceptual de la Pampa

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo comparar las principales propuestas de regionalización del territorio argentino buscando establecer -a partir de su relevamiento, análisis y comparación- continuidades y rupturas en torno a la construcción conceptual de la Pampa. Esta preocupación se establece dentro de la perspectiva que señala que la geografía regional -en tanto modalidad de escritura geográfica que apela a la distinción, nominación y ordenamiento de entidades subnacionales para ofrecer interpretaciones de conjunto sobre el territorio y la sociedad de un país-, en sus diversas propuestas, implica modos de representar y de abordar las asimetrías internas de una sociedad. Se profundiza, entonces, tanto en los diversos paradigmas sobre los cuales se han establecido dichas propuestas como en las construcciones que estas han desarrollado de la región en cuestión. Se trata de una unidad geográfica que ha sido recurrentemente imaginada como poseedora de una supuesta centralidad basada en el peso demográfico e industrial, el nivel de la productividad agropecuaria, la generación de grandes riquezas económicas, su historia, y el rol aglutinador/articulador de la economía y la política

Continuidades y rupturas en el discurso regional argentino : El proceso de construcción conceptual de la Pampa

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo comparar las principales propuestas de regionalización del territorio argentino buscando establecer -a partir de su relevamiento, análisis y comparación- continuidades y rupturas en torno a la construcción conceptual de la Pampa. Esta preocupación se establece dentro de la perspectiva que señala que la geografía regional -en tanto modalidad de escritura geográfica que apela a la distinción, nominación y ordenamiento de entidades subnacionales para ofrecer interpretaciones de conjunto sobre el territorio y la sociedad de un país-, en sus diversas propuestas, implica modos de representar y de abordar las asimetrías internas de una sociedad. Se profundiza, entonces, tanto en los diversos paradigmas sobre los cuales se han establecido dichas propuestas como en las construcciones que estas han desarrollado de la región en cuestión. Se trata de una unidad geográfica que ha sido recurrentemente imaginada como poseedora de una supuesta centralidad basada en el peso demográfico e industrial, el nivel de la productividad agropecuaria, la generación de grandes riquezas económicas, su historia, y el rol aglutinador/articulador de la economía y la política

Continuidades y rupturas en el discurso regional argentino : El proceso de construcción conceptual de la Pampa

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo comparar las principales propuestas de regionalización del territorio argentino buscando establecer -a partir de su relevamiento, análisis y comparación- continuidades y rupturas en torno a la construcción conceptual de la Pampa. Esta preocupación se establece dentro de la perspectiva que señala que la geografía regional -en tanto modalidad de escritura geográfica que apela a la distinción, nominación y ordenamiento de entidades subnacionales para ofrecer interpretaciones de conjunto sobre el territorio y la sociedad de un país-, en sus diversas propuestas, implica modos de representar y de abordar las asimetrías internas de una sociedad. Se profundiza, entonces, tanto en los diversos paradigmas sobre los cuales se han establecido dichas propuestas como en las construcciones que estas han desarrollado de la región en cuestión. Se trata de una unidad geográfica que ha sido recurrentemente imaginada como poseedora de una supuesta centralidad basada en el peso demográfico e industrial, el nivel de la productividad agropecuaria, la generación de grandes riquezas económicas, su historia, y el rol aglutinador/articulador de la economía y la política

National system of innovation and technological learning:an integrated framework for understanding technological capability development in the Russian forestry sector

One of the issues in the innovation system literature is examination of technological learning strategies of laggard nations. Two distinct bodies of literature have contributed to our insight into forces driving learning and innovation, National Systems of Innovation (NSI) and technological learning literature. Although both literatures yield insights on catch-up strategies of 'latecomer' nations, the explanatory powers of each literature by itself is limited. In this paper, a possible way of linking the macro- and the micro-level approaches by incorporating enterprises as active learning entities into the learning and innovation system is proposed. The proposed model has been used to develop research hypotheses and indicate research directions and is relevant for investigating the learning strategies of firms in less technologically intensive industries outside East Asia.

Regional responses to recession:the role of the West Midlands regional taskforce

Bailey D. and Berkeley N. Regional responses to recession: the role of the West Midlands Regional Taskforce, Regional Studies. Regional taskforces were set up across the English regions in late 2008 in response to the most severe recession since the Second World War. This paper examines the role of one such body, the West Midlands Regional Taskforce, as an example of regional response to recession, and offers potential lessons for the future in dealing with such situations. In so doing it reflects on the contested concept of regional 'resilience' and its relevance for policy actions at the regional level. Understanding how the region responded in this way could help in maintaining a 'permanent capacity' to deal with shocks, especially in the context of the abolition of regional development agencies (RDAs) in England from 2012 and their replacement with local enterprise partnerships (LEPs). © 2014 © 2014 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.