O processo de humanização: as bases constitutivas da subjetividade

Iniciando-se por uma descrição longitudinal, seguida de interpretação "a posteriori", obteve-se categorias relativas a cada dimensão do psiquismo. Estas, em seu caráter de transversalidade, foram tomadas como esteios para as explicações acerca da passagem do sujeito da condição biológica à condição de sujeito falante. O norteamento dessa análise teve como ponto de partida a postulação acerca dessas dimensões, dos aspectos relativos as mesmas, e dos efetores referentes por essa passagem, cujo início tem a esses aspectos que respondem lugar quando a mãe se dispõe a apontar para o sujeito o limite entre o núcleo filogenético e as transformações sócio-histórica. A partir dessa delimitação, ocorre a assimilação de características, tipicamente humanas para, enfim, serem fixados pela lei paterna, os limites do “tornar-se humano”. Nesse ínterim, são observadas ocorrências relativas as dimensões mencionadas. Tratando-se de permanência de conteúdos mantidos fora do campo da simbolização, e excluídos da matriz imaginária, tem-se então a caracterização do real ~elo seu mecanismo específico: a foraclusão. Ainda se situa a pulsão no seu caráter impensável e inominável. Já as ações resultantes do recalcamento originário concorrem para a formação de marcas não-simbolizáveis que, como faceta do imaginário, se vinculam às informações do núcleo filogenético referentes aos protofantasmas, aqui considerado corno outra faceta desta dimensão. No que concerne ao simbólico, registra-se a significação como fundante da condição humana, resultante do recalcamento propriamente dito. Sendo assim, a humanização enquanto explicada pelo conceito de recalcamento, conforme evidencia a metapsicologia freudiana, não açambarça todas as nuances relativas ao humano; visto englobar apenas aquilo que é imaginado corno fantasma ou aquilo que e apresentado simbolicamente. Por isso, a utilização do conceito de foraclusão, da perspectiva lacaniana, justifica-se pelo fato de oferecer uma visão mais completa dessa dinâmica. Desse modo, se pode incluir no escopo do "tornar-se humano", aqueles elementos não passíveis de simbolização, bem como aqueles da realidade pulsional que não se apresentam no texto do fantasma; mas que, ao se constituírem como um "pano-de-fundo", possibilitam que a conteúdos simbólicos e imaginários viabilizem a socialização. De resto, a socialização é um processo que, originado do simbólico, se assenta no imaginário tomado como base. Para isto, o real, em seu efeito marginal, possibilita o retorno ao simbólico. A partir daí, se verifica a utilização dos elementos culturais, que são descobertos em função daquilo que a atividade fantasmática suscita.

O regime brasileiro de tributação de lucros auferidos por sociedades controladas e coligadas no exterior: uma visão do atual regime por meio da ótica da teoria do rent seeking

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, pela ótica da teoria do rent seeking, a evolução da legislação e da jurisprudência administrativa e judicial acerca do regime da tributação dos lucros, ganhos de capital e rendimentos auferidos por sociedades controladas e coligadas no exterior. Observar-se-á a hipótese da legislação e das suas diversas interpretações refletirem interesses predominantemente de apropriação de renda, tanto por parte da Administração Pública quanto dos agentes privados. Nesse sentido, após uma exposição da teoria do rent seeking e da sua relação com a teoria do patrimonialismo no Brasil, ela será aplicada no tema tributário proposto. Para tanto, verificar-se-á a evolução da legislação até o último diploma normativo relevante sobre o tema: a Medida Provisória nº 2.158-35/01. Neste momento, serão identificadas as principais controvérsias e os possíveis interesses nas diversas interpretações dadas às regras em questão, associando-os com os diversos problemas de rent seeking observáveis. A seguir, verificar-se-á, nas decisões do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), e do Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais (CARF) qual a evolução do entendimento dos tribunais a respeito das referidas interpretações, verificando se algum consenso foi atingido e quais interesses estariam atingidos pelo rumo tomado pela jurisprudência sobre o tema. Neste contexto, a análise da evolução legislativa e jurisprudencial abordará os seguintes pontos controversos: (1) caracterização das regras brasileiras como CFC rules (característica antielisiva); (2) tributação de distribuição ficta ou de lucro da própria controladora ou coligada no Brasil; (3) constitucionalidade do artigo 43, parágrafo 2º, do Código Tributário Nacional, bem como do artigo 74 da Medida Provisória nº 2.158-35/01; e (4) a compatibilização com os Tratados contra a Dupla Tributação. Por fim, far-se-á uma conclusão, a partir dos resultados verificados, a respeito de como a evolução das regras tributárias em questão pode representar uma apropriação de renda sem benefícios públicos que pode favorecer indevidamente tanto o setor público como o privado.

Práticas sócio-ambientais no espaço escolar: uma reflexão sobre a percepção dos usuários de duas escolas do ensino fundamental em João Pessoa, Paraíba

In the social-historical moment we live in, it is each time more evident the necessity of the people to learn to deal with the environment in conscientious way, taking care of themselves properly through it. In this direction, considering the school as a place where children, young and adolescents spend great part of their time, this work had as objective to examine the perception of school environment for students, professors and employees of two schools in João Pessoa city - Centro Estadual Experimental de Ensino-Aprendizagem Sesquicentenário and Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Presidente Emílio Garrastazu Médici (Experimental State Center of Learning-teaching Sesquicentenário and Basic and High State School Education Emilio Garrastazu Médici President). From the presupposed that the environments in which and with which people live reflect their daily practices, the field work searched to identify the social-environmental practices that characterize the relation of these users with the school and, from this understanding, to infer some of their concerns regarding the environment as a whole. To analyze the use of the available physical space in the two institutions it was opted the use of the After-Occupation Evaluation, one of the approaches that feed the process of building production or built set, rescuing aspects related to its use, operation and maintenance. Besides analyzing diverse school environments (such as classroom circulations/accesses, library, pedagogical and sportive spaces) in relation to the environmental comfort and the perceptions of the main users of the schools (pupils, professors and employees), the dissertation tried to inquire the care (ambient education) of these users with the school space. In general, it was verified that the two schools have evaluations and perceptions really different for four reasons: (i) management of the schools; (ii) the users perception; (III) localization of schools and (IV) feeling of place, territoriality and appropriation

Um olhar sociológico sobre a criança e o brincar: espaço e tempo de construção, reinvenção e aprendizagem

This research I discuss the play, also talking with the other subjects that make up the universe in which the play is inserted, such as family, school and culture. The fundamental proposition of this dissertation assumes that the absence of play in children's lives affect their physical structure, psychological, biological, cultural, social, historical and theirs development. The initial questions were: What are the spacetimes reserved in the school for play? What is the importance of play in the development of children? Does the school recognize the importance of play in its social space? How the children perceive and use the spacetimes to play at school? Are there spacetimes at school to play? This is a theoretical and empirical research of exploratory study. The research‟s field was the Municipal School Professor Ulysses Góes, located in district of Nova Descoberta, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte and, as research techniques, I used: participant observation, photography, structured interviews with students and questionnaires with teachers. The results indicate that for most of children, the school allows the play, few disagree with this preposition.Teachers recognize the importance of play in school, but for various reasons do not provide your practice. The dissertation points the possibility of new studies and developments for the theme.

Novas fronteiras petrolíferas no Brasil : uma análise da necessidade de nova regulamentação da área do pré-sal sob a ótica constitucional

The Oil industry in Brazil has gone through several stages during the economical, political and social historical process. However, the significative changes have happened in the last fifteen years, due to market opening arising from the relaxation of the state monopoly over the Oil deposits and its derivatives. The edition of the Constitutional Amendment #9, changing the first paragraph of the 177th item of the Federal Constitution, marked the end of a stiffness about the monopoly that the Brazilian state kept in relation to the exploration and research of Oil and Gas. The economical order was fundamental to actualize the idea contained in the #9 Amendment, since its contents has the power to set up measures to be adopted by public power in order to organize the economical relations from a social viewpoint. The new brazilian Oil scenery, called pre-salt, presents itself in a way to amaze the economical markets, in addition to creating a new perspective to the social sector. This work will identify, in this new scenario, the need for change in the legal system. Nevertheless, this subject must not be treated in a thoughtless way: being an exhaustible good, we shall not forget that the future generations also must benefit from the exploration of natural resources recently discovered. The settlement of a new regulatory mark, including the change in the concession contract model to production and sharing is one of the suggested solutions as a bill in the National Congress, in an attempt to ensure the sovereignty of the nation. The constitutionality of a new regulatory mark is questioned, starting from an analysis of the state monopoly, grounding the comprehnsions in the brazilian constitutions, the relevance of the creation of Petrobras for self-assertion of the state about the monopoly of Oil and derivatives, and its posture after the Constitutional Amendment nº 9 (1995), when a company stops having control of the state monopoly, beginning to compete in a fairly way with other companies. The market opening and private initiative are emphasized from the viewpoint of the Constitutional Principles of the Economical and Social Order. The relaxation of the monopoly regarding the exploratory activity in the Federal Constitution doesn't deprive from the Union the ownerships of underground goods, enabling to this federal entity to contract, directly or by concession of exploration of goods, to state-owned or private companies. The existing oil in the pre-salt layer transforms the scenario from very high risk to low risk, which gives the Union the possibility of defining another way of exploring this resources in the best interests of the Public Administration

O sindicato como espaço de construção da profissão docente

This work examines the connection Syndicate/teachers profession trying to unveil the important role taken over by the Syndical movement in the process of professionalization of the militant teachers. For that, it describes and analyses the historical course of three Syndicates representatives of the teachers category Associação dos Professores Licenciados da Bahia APLB; Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educação de Pernambuco SINTEPE; Sindicato dos Servidores Municipais de Petrolina SINDSEMP acting in the micro-region of the San Francisco Valley, especially, in the municipalities of Juazeiro Bahia , and of Petrolina Pernambuco. It concentrates its interests on the contribution of the Syndicates for the professional development of these teachers in this region analysing the aspects related to emerging conflicts into the Syndical organization, to the attitude of these entities before the educational reality to their reinvindicative struggles to the formative dimension of the group actions. This study tries to answer the following questions: How has this syndical movement of teachers of state school of S. Francisco Valley been characterized? How do their actions reflect in the formation and professionalization of the teachers? Do teachers recognize the syndicate as a constructive space for the teaching profession? The methodological trajectory was directed through a qualitative approach of an etnomethodological character, using instruments for the understanding of this reality, The treatment of the data was based on the interpretative analysis of the speeches present in documents and through answers of the interviwees, having as a reference in this analysis the theoretical studies about syndicalism and the teacher professionalization. For a conceptual construction of this work it was studied these two categories from their genesis, from the social historical evolution of their concepts and the up to date discussions that give explanations about the teachers syndical movement and about the process of teachers professionalization. As thesis of this study it was defended the idea of that the teachers syndicates have contributed expressively in the process of the construction of the teacher profession of the militant teachers of this in the micro-region of the S. Francisco Valley. Once the teachers participate actively in this movement promoted by the syndical entities, the teachers develop the critical sense of the educational realty; improve their formation and reinvindicate from the State this condition as a Right; fight for better conditions in the work; reinvindicate the salary valuation and, try to construct an image of teacher basing on a professional model. The contribution of the Syndicate in the process of teachers profissionalization, is more evident in its external dimension that chacterizes the profissionalism, on the related aspects: to the forms of participation in the definition and the management of the educational politics; to the political struggles for the achievements of the professional status, to the recognition and of his eventual valuation. The syndical actions have repercussions with less intensity in the inside dimension that defines the profissionality, in the related aspects: to the administratation of the pedagogical processes in schools and in the classroom; to the acquisition of branches of knowledges; to the epistemological criticism of the acquirements mobilized in the teaching; the curricular question to the mediation that make possible the learning at school and in the classroom

O sindicato como espaço de construção da Profissão Docente

This work examines the connection Syndicate/teachers profession trying to unveil the important role taken over by the Syndical movement in the process of professionalization of the militant teachers. For that, it describes and analyses the historical course of three Syndicates representatives of the teachers category Associação dos Professores Licenciados da Bahia APLB; Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educação de Pernambuco SINTEPE; Sindicato dos Servidores Municipais de Petrolina SINDSEMP acting in the micro-region of the San Francisco Valley, especially, in the municipalities of Juazeiro Bahia , and of Petrolina Pernambuco. It concentrates its interests on the contribution of the Syndicates for the professional development of these teachers in this region analysing the aspects related to emerging conflicts into the Syndical organization, to the attitude of these entities before the educational reality to their reinvindicative struggles to the formative dimension of the group actions. This study tries to answer the following questions: How has this syndical movement of teachers of state school of S. Francisco Valley been characterized? How do their actions reflect in the formation and professionalization of the teachers? Do teachers recognize the syndicate as a constructive space for the teaching profession? The methodological trajectory was directed through a qualitative approach of an etnomethodological character, using instruments for the understanding of this reality, The treatment of the data was based on the interpretative analysis of the speeches present in documents and through answers of the interviwees, having as a reference in this analysis the theoretical studies about syndicalism and the teacher professionalization. For a conceptual construction of this work it was studied these two categories from their genesis, from the social historical evolution of their concepts and the up to date discussions that give explanations about the teachers syndical movement and about the process of teachers professionalization. As thesis of this study it was defended the idea of that the teachers syndicates have contributed expressively in the process of the construction of the teacher profession of the militant teachers of this in the micro-region of the S. Francisco Valley. Once the teachers participate actively in this movement promoted by the syndical entities, the teachers develop the critical sense of the educational realty; improve their formation and reinvindicate from the State this condition as a Right; fight for better conditions in the work; reinvindicate the salary valuation and, try to construct an image of teacher basing on a professional model. The contribution of the Syndicate in the process of teachers profissionalization, is more evident in its external dimension that chacterizes the profissionalism, on the related aspects: to the forms of participation in the definition and the management of the educational politics; to the political struggles for the achievements of the professional status, to the recognition and of his eventual valuation. The syndical actions have repercussions with less intensity in the inside dimension that defines the profissionality, in the related aspects: to the administratation of the pedagogical processes in schools and in the classroom; to the acquisition of branches of knowledges; to the epistemological criticism of the acquirements mobilized in the teaching; the curricular question to the mediation that make possible the learning at school and in the classroom

A Formação docente no fazer e refazer da prática pedagógica

This work dealt with formative actions that were developed by Educational Practice in Movement (GEPEM) at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). This group aims to transform the way education is carried out. This is done either through intervention or in research considering that school has an explicit objective, to change action, and this presupposes an educator formation process. The methodology used is a reflection on educational practice, aiming to built knowledge that can be generalized to other realities. The analysis of the group s prior work was done considering what has been used as a parameter for decision making, the regularity in the process itself, all of which allowed the identification of their principles, once these were always mentioned in the documents that were analyzed. Some principles for formative actions of the GEPEM were identified: the subject as a social historical being is part of a given community; knowledge is built through social relations and local reality is a content generator; dialogically, collective construction and awareness process. The research also pointed out four characterized organizers, parameters and action criteria that make articulation with practice possible. Thus, these are used in order to analyze two initial formation proposals (secondary and higher education) of rural settlement educators

Gêneros do discurso e escrita: o que as coleções didáticas de português (des)prestigiam no ensino da produção textual?

Through the examination of official indicators, it can be observed that writing is pointed out as one of the main problems concerning formal basic education. However, this teaching-learning object is one of the central objectives at school, having an essential role in different curricular components as well as in the interaction demands required by society. Such paradox indicates, therefore, the relevance of investigations which analyze the intrinsic elements of child development as written text producer. Hence, the main purpose of this research consists of analyzing the treatment given to the types of discourse and the teaching situations in which the written text are produced, concerning Portuguese language didactic material collections approved by Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2010) the Brazilian program of didactic book and worked at elementary school. Such materials correspond to the collections adopted in municipal education system schools from Natal, RN which were below the official education indicator IDEB 2009. Thus, the questions that guide this work are: 1. During writing production lessons, is the diversity of types of discourse effectively worked on didactic collections? 2. Which are the types of discourse and the social spheres prioritized when teaching writing production? 3. How is the situation addressed in the production of the written text should be produced? For this research, we retook the authors Bakhtin, Bunzen, Faraco, Freire, Rodrigues, Rojo, Schneuwly e Dolz and we made a list of all types of discourse and spheres contemplated in the propositions of the writing production in didactical books, concerning the eight collections which compounds the first moment of analysis. Then, we verified how the situation of production is oriented by examining two didactic collections if and how they express the elements referring to the social-historical, functional and linguistic-discursive context of the text to be produced. The data obtained indicate: lack of diversification of types of discourse in the collection that compounds the Aggregate Sample of the research; the conception of a diversity based on the didactic of visiting; the recognition of all canonical and hegemonic types of text as one of the privileged objects of study; the centralization on the standard variety of the language and the devaluation of the representative types of cultural diversity; the shortage of productions which retrace to written language related to different technologies of communication and information; and the little emphasis on the types of discourse related to public language practices. As for the situations of production, it is observed the predominance of the school as a producer of dialogic relationships, whose propositions present, for example, text addressees, enunciative positions, support and contexts of restricted circulation, especially at school. Two divergent situations are observed among the collections: the lack of a work in which the situation of production is under the perspective of the types of discourse as object of teaching-learning; the concept of the types of discourse as object of reflection, presenting a differentiated didactic orientation towards the situation of production. This research contributes, therefore, with a mapping of the existence and the treatment of the types of discourse on propositions of writing production in didactic books; with the critical analysis of the approach of written activities, considering the elements of the historical-social, functional and linguistic-discursive context; thus, through teaching, research and public policies, use and selection of didactic material for the area

Intervenção reflexiva: instrumento de formação continuada do educador especial

O presente artigo busca demonstrar a ocorrência de mudanças na prática pedagógica de uma professora, durante o período em que se fez a reflexão teórico-metodológica sobre essa prática, à luz de proposições da Psicologia sócio-histórica. Foram realizados 20 encontros reflexivos com uma professora da Educação Especial, a partir da análise de gravações das situações ocorridas em sala de aula. As discussões promovidas compreendiam aspectos relacionados ao processo de ensino e de aprendizagem na atividade docente. Foram examinadas as locuções verbais da professora e observaram-se indícios de mudança no que se refere ao foco de atenção, quando ela analisa seus problemas pedagógicos, na consideração da multideterminação dos problemas de ensino e aprendizagem, na concepção de aluno, no método de ensino, no estabelecimento e valorização da relação professor-aluno e da interação de alunos. Os resultados obtidos sinalizaram que a interação reflexiva mostrou-se um instrumento útil para a formação continuada de professores.

Infância na publicidade: um estudo sobre o trabalho de crianças na publicidade na cidade de Natal-RN

In Brazilian scene the child labor is a serious and relevant theme regarding issues that involve infancy, arousing the interest and concerning of public and private institutions, and organized civil society. Thus, the child labor is forbidden by the law, considered that the child worker have a distinguished life experience, especially because it is demanded them the early mature of some skill, generating implications on their physical, emotional, cognitive, social and psychological development. Observing those issues, we proposed think the child labor, over and above those considered the worst forms of one and more found in literature, what lead us to think the child labor in the advertising. In that way, this research aimed to investigate the insertion and development conditions of children who work in advertisements, and the possible effects on their lives in the face of that insertion. Participated of this study: three advertising agencies, six video producers companies, one child model s agent and five children with their respective families. Those children were four boys and two girls, with ages between seven and eleven years old, which one that have accomplished four or more advertisements, in Natal city, Rio Grande do Norte. Based on social-historical perspective, we used the semi-structured interview as methodological instrument, which underlays the comprehension of the data obtained in field research processes. This study revealed that when children are inserted in the advertising activities they are submitted to irregular and adverse work situations, what occurs in others productive activities mentioned in the literature. The data still exposed that the family is the main responsible to the children insertion in the advertisement work; moreover, there is an ambiguousness of wishes in relation of that activity. On the other hand, we realized that the legal content concerning to the child labor forbidding, carries contradictory aspects in face of the ECA s 149 article, that one, under some conditions, allows that a child take part in the activities of advertising context. This highlights the necessity of a rigorous evaluation of the children insertion in the advertising, in order to ensure the whole children and adolescents protection. This study put in evidence the complexity that involves the child labor in this context, mainly, due to the exposition and manipulation of the childish image on the media. Besides, we understand that the discussion on this subject should be stimulated and, therefore, enlarged this on over and above those considered the worst forms of child labor

Significados de família para adolescentes em liberdade assistida

Guided by the social-historical perspective, this research aimed to understand how the adolescents in Assisted Freedom measure have meaning the family institution. The Pastoral Minor, located in the city of Natal, was chosen as space of investigation, whose social-educative program is the source of our concerns about the attendance of adolescents in conflict with law. The corpus was accomplished, mainly, through the individual semi- structured interview with four adolescents and seven of their relatives that participated of the research. We use another instruments to constitute the corpus, like the documental research of the technical reports on the participants of program files, and the registered notes in the field diary. As resource to data treatment, we use the Thematic Content Analysis. The data discussion was focused on the three thematic units that emerged: Family, Social-Educational Measure, Family and Social-Educational Measure. On the adolescents perspective, the family configures as a group based on the existence of affective bonds. Despite of the vulnerability of their familiar reality and their wish for freedom with their peers, the affective bonds revealed it as being important in their lives. This study, glimpse possibilities to contribute for the construction of public politics and attendance programs, that can be closer of the social-familiar reality of the adolescents who are in conflict with the law and, in this case, to promote their access to the statute of subjects of rights

Família e subjetividade: tendências e particularidades das classes trabalhadoras no capitalismo contemporâneo

This work problematizes the inflections of the offensive of the capital on the work, having as a social-historical context the relation between the productive restructuring and the social reproduction of the working families classes. Part of the presupposition that the reproduction of the capital, to raise deep transformations in the productions, organization of the work and in the social relationships, it also produces determinations in the life and work conditions, in the affectionate relationships and in the family coexistence expressing, so, a subjective way. Thereby, the conditions of reproductions of the work in the scenery aimed by the contemporary capitalism have been demonstrating the crescent impoverishment of the workers, the alimentary insecurity, the shortage of the work, the weakness of the political organization and the regression of the State in the conduction of public policy that characterize the daily violation of human and social rights. In this approach, we seek to contemplate the several configurations of affectionate-sexual coexistence expressed by the family, articulating it to the contemporary work division, pondering about the forms of satisfaction of the needs engendered by the group for preservation of their bonds, in face to the daily adversity which translates to the growing responsibility to assist social d mands and in the impediments to the enrichment of the individuality and human diversity.

O ensino de pediatria na atenção básica em saúde entre as fronteiras do modelo biomédico e a perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado: a visão dos médicos supervisores

Trata-se de estudo sobre educação médica, focalizado no ensino de pediatria na atenção básica, com o objetivo de analisar a contribuição da disciplina de Pediatria Social e Comunitária no 4º ano de graduação em medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista.Utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, tendo como estratégia o estudo de caso. A análise foi fundamentada na abordagem sócio-histórica, subsidiada pelos estudos de Vigotski. Identificou-se o que os supervisores consideraram como aprendizados relevantes a sua contribuição no processo de mediação para que os estudantes aprendam sobre o processo de trabalho na atenção básica, o que não poderiam alcançar sozinhos. As entrevistas transcritas revelaram núcleos de significação comuns: importância da diversificação de cenários de ensino, aprendizado dos principais problemas de saúde, integralidade no atendimento da criança, com ênfase no vínculo e oportunidade do estudante aprender sobre promoção da saúde.

Lazer, agressividade e violência: considerações sobre o comportamento das torcidas organizadas

O futebol possui grande representatividade social em diferentes culturas. Porém, a paixão despertada nas torcidas pode gerar comportamentos agressivos e violentos, em um momento que deveria ser de diversão, caracterizando o lazer desviante, o qual ainda não está devidamente esclarecido. Esta pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivo investigar, nos estudos acadêmicos, o comportamento agressivo das torcidas organizadas e seus desdobramentos no tempo destinado ao lazer. Para tanto, na pesquisa bibliográfica, buscou-se informações em obras de referência, compostas por livros e teses, além da consulta a diferentes bases de dados, com os descritores: lazer, torcidas organizadas, agressividade e violência. Os resultados indicam que, independente da gênese do comportamento agressivo, quando em presença de um grupo, ou dependendo do contexto sociohistórico, da composição das torcidas, da violência integrante da sociedade, da mídia, da má organização esportiva e da impunidade, estes fatores podem afetar mudança no comportamento individual, contribuindo para manifestações agressivas e violentas no âmbito futebolístico em campo e nas torcidas. Este tipo de manifestação pode favorecer a diminuição do público nos estádios, além de repercutir na delimitação das atividades vivenciadas no contexto do lazer. Estas condutas violentas podem, até mesmo, acarretar graves conseqüências nos âmbitos físico e/ou psíquico. Por fim, aponta-se a premência de políticas públicas específicas envolvendo o lazer e os megaeventos.