914 resultados para Talude : Estabilidade
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Peumus boldus Molina (Monimiaceae) é uma árvore comum e abundante no Chile, e suas folhas são amplamente empregadas pela medicina tradicional para o tratamento de uma variedade de afecções do sistema digestivo e hepatobiliar. Seus principais constituintes químicos são alcalóides do tipo aporfínicos, sendo a boldina seu maior e mais característico representante, cujas propriedades antioxidantes são extensivamente relatadas na literatura, servindo desta forma como marcador químico para a espécie. Com o objetivo de contribuir com parâmetros de controle de qualidade, um estudo botânico macro e microscópico das folhas e do pó da espécie foi realizado. Características morfológicas, identificadas pela análise macroscópica, como pilosidade, tipologia dos tricomas, proeminência ao redor da base dos tricomas e aparência do bordo, e características microscópicas como estômatos anomocíticos, folha hipoestomática e ocorrência de cristais de oxalato de cálcio denotam valor taxonômico. Parâmetros farmacopéicos como cinzas totais e perda por dessecação foram determinados, e um método de quantificação da boldina foi desenvolvido e validado utilizando a CLAE. O limite mínimo de boldina observado na análise de 10 amostras adquiridas foi de aproximadamente 0,016%. A fim de avaliarse o comportamento de seus constituintes químicos frente a variações de temperatura e umidade, realizou-se estudo de estabilidade acelerada (40ºC ± 2ºC / 75% ± 5% U.R.). A degradação máxima de boldina foi observada após 90 dias em câmara climática chegando a aproximadamente 52%. A reação de degradação sugerida foi de segunda ordem, e o tempo de vida útil e meia-vida calculados foram de aproximadamente 18 dias e 165 dias, respectivamente. Por fim, realizou-se a quantificação de alguns metais pesados nas folhas da espécie, que decresceram na ordem de Fe> Mn> Cu> Ni, sendo que Pb, Cr e Co tiveram níveis abaixo do limite de detecção de 5 μg/g.
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Existem evidências crescentes indicando a associação entre dietas ricas em frutas e vegetais e a diminuição da incidência de câncer. O suco de laranja (OJ) pode ser incluído entre os alimentos com potencial quimioprotetor e seu estudo é muito relevante pelo amplo consumo desta bebida. O OJ possui vários nutrientes e compostos bioativos com atividades antioxidante, antimutagênica, anticarcinogênica e antiaterogênica, entre outras. A vitamina C (Vit C) é um dos nutrientes mais abundantes no OJ, e o único nutriente que pode ser provido em quantidade superior à recomendação diária por uma única porção de 200 mL de OJ. A Vit C, a exemplo de outros componentes do OJ, pode ser tanto benéfica quanto maléfica para os sistemas biológicos, dependendo do contexto metabólico. Neste sentido, vários nutrientes presentes no OJ têm sido identificados como mutagênicos ou carcinogênicos, especialmente quando administrados de forma isolada. Este estudo utilizou o ensaio Cometa alcalino em sangue de camundongos (in vivo) para avaliar: 1) a genotoxicidade do OJ e da Vit C; 2) a genotoxicidade do FeSO4 e do CuSO4: 3) o efeito modulador do OJ e da Vit C sobre a genotoxicidade do FeSO4 e CuSO4, bem como do metilmetanosulfonato (MMS) e da ciclofosfamida (CP). A versão alcalina do ensaio Cometa foi utilizada para avaliar o dano no DNA em células brancas do sangue periférico de camundongos. Adicionalmente, os níveis de cobre e ferro no sangue e no fígado dos camundongos tratados com metais e OJ foram avaliados pela metodologia de PIXE (Particle-Induced X-ray Emission). Grupos com pelo menos 6 camundongos (metade de cada sexo) foram tratados por gavage com uma ou duas doses de água (controle), CP, MMS, FeSO4 ou CuSO4. OJ (0.1 mL/Kg) foi administrado tanto antes (pré-tratamento) quanto após a administração das substâncias-teste (pós-tratamento). A Vit C (1 e 30 mg/Kg) foi administrada apenas no pós-tratamento. O dano no DNA foi avaliado 24 e 48 h após o início do tratamento. Após 24 h, o OJ induziu um suave aumento no dano no DNA, enquanto a Vit C foi genotóxica (30 mg/Kg > 1 mg/Kg). O tratamento duplo com Vit C (a 0 e a 24 h) induziu uma resposta genotóxica cumulativa a 48 h, que foi mais intensa para a dose maior. O FeSO4 e o CuSO4 foram genotóxicos após 24 h, mas tiveram seu dano efetivamente reparado após 48 h do tratamento. O pré-tratamento com OJ reduziu a genotoxicidade do FeSO4 e do CuSO4 (efeito preventivo). O pós-tratamento com OJ também reduziu a genotoxicidade do CuSO4 (efeito reparador). O OJ mostrou tanto efeito preventivo quanto reparador sobre a genotoxicidade do MMS. O OJ teve apenas efeito reparador sobre a CP. Ambas doses de Vit C aumentaram os danos no DNA causados pelo FeSO4 e pelo CuSO4. Adicionalmente, os níveis de cobre e ferro no sangue e no fígado dos camundongos tratados com metais e OJ foram avaliados pela metodologia de PIXE (Particle-Induced X-ray Emission). Grupos com pelo menos 6 camundongos (metade de cada sexo) foram tratados por gavage com uma ou duas doses de água (controle), CP, MMS, FeSO4 ou CuSO4. OJ (0.1 mL/Kg) foi administrado tanto antes (pré-tratamento) quanto após a administração das substâncias-teste (pós-tratamento). A Vit C (1 e 30 mg/Kg) foi administrada apenas no pós-tratamento. O dano no DNA foi avaliado 24 e 48 h após o início do tratamento. Após 24 h, o OJ induziu um suave aumento no dano no DNA, enquanto a Vit C foi genotóxica (30 mg/Kg > 1 mg/Kg). O tratamento duplo com Vit C (a 0 e a 24 h) induziu uma resposta genotóxica cumulativa a 48 h, que foi mais intensa para a dose maior. O FeSO4 e o CuSO4 foram genotóxicos após 24 h, mas tiveram seu dano efetivamente reparado após 48 h do tratamento. O pré-tratamento com OJ reduziu a genotoxicidade do FeSO4 e do CuSO4 (efeito preventivo). O pós-tratamento com OJ também reduziu a genotoxicidade do CuSO4 (efeito reparador). O OJ mostrou tanto efeito preventivo quanto reparador sobre a genotoxicidade do MMS. O OJ teve apenas efeito reparador sobre a CP. Ambas doses de Vit C aumentaram os danos no DNA causados pelo FeSO4 e pelo CuSO4. processado e armazenado de forma a preservar o seu potencial biológico é um alimento sugerido como uma das porções de uma dieta equilibrada (contendo pelo menos 5 porções de frutas e vegetais), recomendada para uma vida saudável e longeva.
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Reflexão sobre a participação de partidos políticos da base do governo nos ministérios, a estabilidade política e a eficacidade das políticas públicas no país.
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ALVES, Ana Paula de M. ; GERMANO, A. F. S. ; ARAKAKI, L N H ; Ferreira, U. V. S. ; ARAUJO, A. S. Influencia da ativaçao acida na estabilidade termica de hibridos vermiculita/epoxido. In: CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE ANLISETERMICA E CALORIMETRIA, 7., 2010, São Pedro, SP. Anais... Sao Pedro, SP: ABRATEC, 2010
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GOMES, Z. B. ; LOURENÇO, André Luís Cabral de . Atuação do Estado como empregador de última Instância: uma proposta para eliminar o desemprego estrutural do Brasil. In: Encontro Nacional de Economia Política, 13. 2008, João Pessoa/PB. Anais... João Pessoa: ENEP, 2008.
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Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have become an important and attractive therapeutic tool since they are easily isolated and cultured, have in vitro expansion potential, substantial plasticity and secrete bioactive molecules that exert trophic effects. The human umbilical cord as a cell source for cell therapy will help to avoid several ethical, political, religious and technical issues. One of the main issues with SC lines from different sources, mainly those of embryonic origin, is the possibility of chromosomal alterations and genomic instability during in vitro expansion. Cells isolated from one umbilical cord exhibited a rare balanced paracentric inversion, likely a cytogenetic constitutional alteration, karyotype: 46,XY,inv(3)(p13p25~26). Important genes related to cancer predisposition and others involved in DNA repair are located in 3p25~26. Titanium is an excellent biomaterial for bone-implant integration; however, the use can result in the generation of particulate debris that can accumulate in the tissues adjacent to the prosthesis, in the local bone marrow, in the lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Subsequently may elicit important biological responses that aren´t well studied. In this work, we have studied the genetic stability of MSC isolated from the umbilical cord vein during in vitro expansion, after the cryopreservation, and under different concentrations and time of exposition to titanium microparticles. Cells were isolated, in vitro expanded, demonstrated capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and were evaluated using flow cytometry, so they met the minimum requirements for characterization as MSCs. The cells were expanded under different concentrations and time of exposition to titanium microparticles. The genetic stability of MSCs was assessed by cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analysis of micronucleus and other nuclear alterations (CBMN). The cells were able to internalize the titanium microparticles, but MSCs preserve their morphology, differentiation capacity and surface marker expression profiles. Furthermore, there was an increase in the genomic instability after long time of in vitro expansion, and this instability was greater when cells were exposed to high doses of titanium microparticles that induced oxidative stress. It is necessary always assess the risks/ benefits of using titanium in tissue therapy involving MSCs, considering the biosafety of the use of bone regeneration using titanium and MSCs. Even without using titanium, it is important that the therapeutic use of such cells is based on analyzes that ensure quality, security and cellular stability, with the standardization of quality control programs appropriate. In conclusion, it is suggested that cytogenetic analysis, FISH analysis and the micronucleus and other nuclear alterations are carried out in CTMH before implanting in a patient
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Lightweight oilwell cement slurries have been recently studied as a mean to improve zonal isolation and sheath-porous formation adherence. Foamed slurries consisting of Portland cement and air-entraining admixtures have become an interesting option for this application. The loss in hydrostatic pressure as a consequence of cement hydration results in the expansion of the air bubbles entrapped in the cement matrix, thus improving the sheath-porous formation contact. Consequently, slurries are able to better retain their water to complete the hydration process. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of an air-entraining admixture on the density, stability and permeability of composite slurries containing Portland cement and diatomite as light mineral load. Successful formulations are potential cementing materials for low fracture gradient oilwells. The experimental procedures used for slurry preparation and characterization were based on the American Petroleum Institute and ABNT guidelines Slurries containing a pre-established concentration of the air-entraining admixture and different contents of diatomite were prepared aiming at final densities of 13 to 15 lb/gal. The results revealed that the reduction of 15 to 25% of the density of the slurries did not significantly affect their strength. The addition of both diatomite and the air-entraining admixture increased the viscosity of the slurry providing better air-bubble retention in the volume of the slurry. Stable slurries depicted bottom to top density variation of less than 1.0 lb/gal and length reduction of the stability sample of 5.86 mm. Finally, permeability coefficient values between 0.617 and 0.406 mD were obtained. Therefore, lightweight oilwell cement slurries depicting a satisfactory set of physicochemical and mechanical properties can be formulated using a combination of diatomite and air-entraining admixtures for low fracture gradient oilwells
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This study aimed to evaluate factors associated to orthodontic treatment stability and patient satisfaction in the long-term. A total of 209 patients (88 class I and 121 class II) treated with straight wire fixed appliance were selected at least 5 years post treatment. Six hundred twenty seven dental casts were examined with the PAR Index at pretreatment (T1), end of treatment (T2), and at long-term follow up (T3, mean 8.5 years post treatment). At T3, a Dental Impact on Daily Living questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction with the dentition in the long-term. Friedman test and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate changes among the time points and factors associated with stability and patient satisfaction. Predictive factors used to exam the occlusion were: PAR Index at T1 and T2, age at T1, the amount of time without retainer, length of Hawley retainer wear, length of follow-up, sex, extraction and third molar status. To assess patient satisfaction were considered: changes produced by the orthodontic treatment (PAR T2-T1), post treatment stability (PAR T3), age at the start of treatment (T1), length of treatment (T2-T1), gender, and extraction. Orthodontic treatment produced a significant improvement of 94.2% in the PAR Index (T2-T1), but this change was not associated with the level of satisfaction when the patient was questioned at T3. No significant change was observed between T2 and T3. However, when the sample was divided according to the level of finalization (PAR T2), it was observed that well-finished patients experienced some deterioration (P<.001), whereas the less well-finished ones showed some improvement (P<.05). Even with the deterioration, the well-finished patients still had a better PAR Index at T3 compared to the less well-finished ones (PAR T2- T3). Regression analysis showed that PAR Index at T1 and T2, age at T1, and length of retainer wear had a slight association with occlusal stability (R2 = 0.27). Patient satisfaction was significantly associated only with PAR Index at T3 (r2=0.125, P<.0001). We can conclude that, even thought orthodontic treatment is quite stable, not so well-finished treatments tend to show some improvement and well-finished ones deteriorate some in the long-term. Despite of that, well-finished patients still have better occlusal characteristics. Patient satisfaction is not related to the result of orthodontic treatment; nevertheless, there is a slight association with dentition in the long-term
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Biological aspects of the blackmouth bass Synagrops bellus from the outer shelf and upper slope along the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, are presented. The species represented about 71.6% and 9.7% in number of the total catch performed by balloom trawl in the isobaths of 300m and 500m respectively. Body sizes of 266 individuals ranged between 130 and 265mm total length, with sex ratio of 55.9% males, and 44.1% females, where most individuals were in maturation stage. Twenty two food items were found, pointing out Myctophidae fishes, Penaeidea and Caridea shrimps, Brachyuran megalopae, Enoploteuthidae and Cranchiidae cephalopods, pteropods and tunicates. The intestinal coefficient increases as the body size increase, and the number of gill rakers ranged between 16 and 17. Length-weight relationship was WT = 6.0 x 10-6 x TL3.12, r2 = 0.9495. Synagrops bellus is an important link between zooplankton and micronekton, and demersal and pelagic predators in the outer shelf and upper slope in southwestern Brazilian coast.
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Durante as últimas décadas, as indústrias farmacêuticas têm despertado grande interesse em óleos vegetais e vários extratos de planta por causa da sua baixa toxicidade e alta biodegrabilidade. O óleo de copaíba (Cop) é usado in natura na medicina popular como anti-inflamatório e antimicrobiano para tratar várias doenças, tais como inflamação da garganta, úlceras e infecções urinárias e pulmonares. Emulsões são sistemas dispersos termodinamicamente instáveis que consistem em dispersões de gotículas microscópicas em outro líquido imiscível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar diferentes emulsões de Cop, determinar o EHL crítico deste óleo e avaliar a sua estabilidade, além de realizar estudos comparativos entre diferentes métodos de construção de diagramas de fases. As emulsões foram preparadas pelo método de inversão de fases variando as proporções de EHL de 4,7 a 16,7. A estabilidade foi determinada por vários métodos e os diagramas de fases foram produzidos pelo método de titulação usando diferentes procedimentos de agitação. As emulsões a base de Cop com EHL entre 12,7 e 15,7 foram as mais estáveis. As emulsões apresentaram boa estabilidade em curto e longo prazo, aspecto leitoso e baixos valores de índice de cremagem. Diferentes sistemas coloidais foram produzidos a partir dos diagramas de fases dependendo do processo de agitação. Baseado nesses métodos, o valor determinado de EHL do Cop foi 14,8, as emulsões permaneceram estáveis por mais de um ano e estes resultados indicam que o estudo das emulsões de Cop pode ser um promissor veículo de liberação tópica de fármacos e ativos cosméticos
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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The ethanol is the most overused psychoactive drug over the world; this fact makes it one of the main substances required in toxicological exams nowadays. The development of an analytical method, adaptation or implementation of a method known, involves a process of validation that estimates its efficiency in the laboratory routine and credibility of the method. The stability is defined as the ability of the sample of material to keep the initial value of a quantitative measure for a defined period within specific limits when stored under defined conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the method of Gas chromatography and study the stability of ethanol in blood samples, considering the variables time and temperature of storage, and the presence of preservative and, with that check if the conditions of conservation and storage used in this study maintain the quality of the sample and preserve the originally amount of analyte present. Blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers to evaluate the method and to study the stability of ethanol. For the evaluation of the method, part of the samples was added to known concentrations of ethanol. In the study of stability, the other side of the pool of blood was placed in two containers: one containing the preservative sodium fluoride 1% and the anticoagulant heparin and the other only heparin, was added ethanol at a concentration of 0.6 g/L, fractionated in two bottles, one being stored at 4ºC (refrigerator) and another at -20ºC (freezer), the tests were performed on the same day (time zero) and after 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days of storage. The assessment found the difference in results during storage in relation to time zero. It used the technique of headspace associated with gas chromatography with the FID and capillary column with stationary phase of polyethylene. The best analysis of chromatographic conditions were: temperature of 50ºC (column), 150ºC (jet) and 250ºC (detector), with retention time for ethanol from 9.107 ± 0.026 and the tercbutanol (internal standard) of 8.170 ± 0.081 minutes, the ethanol being separated properly from acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol and 2-propanol, which are potential interfering in the determination of ethanol. The technique showed linearity in the concentration range of 0.01 and 3.2 g/L (0.8051 x + y = 0.6196; r2 = 0.999). The calibration curve showed the following equation of the line: y = x 0.7542 + 0.6545, with a linear correlation coefficient equal to 0.996. The average recovery was 100.2%, the coefficients of variation of accuracy and inter intra test showed values of up to 7.3%, the limit of detection and quantification was 0.01 g/L and showed coefficient of variation within the allowed. The analytical method evaluated in this study proved to be fast, efficient and practical, given the objective of this work satisfactorily. The study of stability has less than 20% difference in the response obtained under the conditions of storage and stipulated period, compared with the response obtained at time zero and at the significance level of 5%, no statistical difference in the concentration of ethanol was observed between analysis. The results reinforce the reliability of the method of gas chromatography and blood samples in search of ethanol, either in the toxicological, forensic, social or clinic
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Retinoic acid (RA) and hydroquinone (HQ) assets are widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, for having depigmenting properties and are largely produced in drugstores. To assist in the development of formulations containing the active RA and HQ National Forms of Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2005 and 2012 ) proposes formulations with different excipients such as cetyl alcohol (AC), cetostearyl alcohol (ACT), methylparaben (MTP), propyl paraben ( PPB), glycerin (GLY), dipropylene glycol (DPG), imidazolidinil urea ( IMD ), cyclomethicone (CCM ), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), octyl stearate (ETO), EDTA, decil oleate (ODC) and hydroxipropymethyl celullose (HPMC). One of the difficulties found in most cosmetic formulations is the large number of incompatibilities between the components of the formulations, so the aim this study was to evaluate thermal stability and interactions between these active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. The depigmenting agents were analyzed by DSC and TG and excipients were analyzed by TG. The dynamic thermogravimetric curves were obtained on a SHIMADZU thermobalance, model DTG-60, using an alumina crucible, at the heating rate of 10ºC min-1, in the temperature range of 25-900 ºC, under an atmosphere of nitrogen at 50 mL min-1. The DSC curves were obtained using Shimadzu calorimeter, model DSC-60, using aluminum crucible, at the heating rate of 10ºC min-1, in the temperature range of 25-400ºC. The thermogravimetric and calorimetric curves were analyzed using TASYS software SHIMADZU. In this study no were found interactions between AR and the following excipients: MTP, PPB, IMD, ODC, EDTA, CCM, ETO, HPMC. However, were found interactions with the following excipients: AC, ACT, BHT, GLI and DPG. For HQ were found interactions with IMD and DPG. Interactions remained even changing proportions of the mixtures and the ternary. Thus, the studies conducted with excipients of National Formulary from 2005 and 2012 showed that these new excipients do not interact by thermogravimetry with the active pharmaceutical ingredients of this study