Consequences of extensional tectonics on volcanic eruption style, compositions and source regions : new insights from the southern Sierra Madre Occidental and Gulf of California regions, western Mexico

Understanding the link between tectonic-driven extensional faulting and volcanism is crucial from a hazard perspective in active volcanic environments, while ancient volcanic successions provide records on how volcanic eruption styles, compositions, magnitudes and frequencies can change in response to extension timing, distribution and intensity. This study draws on intimate relationships of volcanism and extension preserved in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) and Gulf of California (GoC) regions of western Mexico. Here, a major Oligocene rhyolitic ignimbrite “flare-up” (>300,000 km3) switched to a dominantly bimodal and mixed effusive-explosive volcanic phase in the Early Miocene (~100,000 km3), associated with distributed extension and opening of numerous grabens. Rhyolitic dome fields were emplaced along graben edges and at intersections of cross-graben and graben-parallel structures during early stages of graben development. Concomitant with this change in rhyolite eruption style was a change in crustal source as revealed by zircon chronochemistry with rapid rates of rhyolite magma generation due to remelting of mid- to upper crustal, highly differentiated igneous rocks emplaced during earlier SMO magmatism. Extension became more focused ~18 Ma resulting in volcanic activity being localised along the site of GoC opening. This localised volcanism (known as the Comondú “arc”) was dominantly effusive and andesite-dacite in composition. This compositional change resulted from increased mixing of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas rather than fluid flux melting of the mantle wedge above the subducting Guadalupe Plate. A poor understanding of space-time relationships of volcanism and extension has thus led to incorrect past tectonic interpretations of Comondú-age volcanism.

Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene rifting and synextensional magmatism in the southwestern Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico : the beginning of the Gulf of California rift

Although Basin and Range–style extension affected large areas of western Mexico after the Late Eocene, most consider that extension in the Gulf of California region began as subduction waned and ended ca. 14–12.5 Ma. A general consensus also exists in considering Early and Middle Miocene volcanism of the Sierra Madre Occidental and Comondú Group as subduction related, whereas volcanism after ca. 12.5 Ma is extension related. Here we present a new regional geologic study of the eastern Gulf of California margin in the states of Nayarit and Sinaloa, Mexico, backed by 43 new Ar-Ar and U-Pb mineral ages, and geochemical data that document an earlier widespread phase of extension. This extension across the southern and central Gulf Extensional Province began between Late Oligocene and Early Miocene time, but was focused in the region of the future Gulf of California in the Middle Miocene. Late Oligocene to Early Miocene rocks across northern Nayarit and southern Sinaloa were affected by major approximately north-south– to north-northwest– striking normal faults prior to ca. 21 Ma. Between ca. 21 and 11 Ma, a system of north-northwest–south-southeast high angle extensional faults continued extending the southwestern side of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Rhyolitic domes, shallow intrusive bodies, and lesser basalts were emplaced along this extensional belt at 20–17 Ma. Rhyolitic rocks, in particular the domes and lavas, often show strong antecrystic inheritance but only a few Mesozoic or older xenocrysts, suggesting silicic magma generation in the mid-upper crust triggered by an extension induced basaltic infl ux. In northern Sinaloa, large grabens were occupied by huge volcanic dome complexes ca. 21–17 Ma and filled by continental sediments with interlayered basalts dated as 15–14 Ma, a stratigraphy and timing very similar to those found in central Sonora (northeastern Gulf of California margin). Early to Middle Miocene volcanism occurred thus in rift basins, and was likely associated with decompression melting of upper mantle (inducing crustal partial melting) rather than with fluxing by fluids from the young and slow subducting microplates. Along the eastern side of the Gulf of California coast, from Farallón de San Ignacio island offshore Los Mochis, Sinaloa, to San Blas, Nayarit, a strike distance of >700 km, flat lying basaltic lavas dated as ca. 11.5–10 Ma are exposed just above the present sea level. Here crustal thickness is almost half that in the unextended core of the adjacent Sierra Madre Occidental, implying signifi cant lithosphere stretching before ca. 11 Ma. This mafic pulse, with subdued Nb-Ta negative spikes, may be related to the detachment of the lower part of the subducted slab, allowing an upward asthenospheric flow into an upper mantle previously modified by fluid fluxes related to past subduction. Widespread eruption of very uniform oceanic island basalt–like lavas occurred by the late Pliocene and Pleistocene, only 20 m.y. after the onset of rifting and ~9 m.y. after the end of subduction, implying that preexisting subduction-modified mantle had now become isolated from melt source regions. Our study shows that rifting across the southern-central Gulf Extensional Province began much earlier than the Late Miocene and provided a fundamental control on the style and composition of volcanism from at least 30 Ma. We envision a sustained period of lithospheric stretching and magmatism during which the pace and breadth of extension changed ca. 20–18 Ma to be narrower, and again after ca. 12.5 Ma, when the kinematics of rifting became more oblique.

Armas Launiksen fonogrammit Soikkolasta : laulutavan, runon ja laulutilanteen välisiä yhteyksiä kalevalamittaisessa runoudessa

Työssä on lähestytty kalevalamittaista runoa laulamisen tapojen ja laulutilanteiden kautta. Inkeriläiseen laulukulttuuriin sisältyi mahdollisuus luoda viittaussuhteita genrejen, laulutilanteiden ja runojen välille myös esitystapoihin liittyvien piirteiden (sävelmät, laulutavat, tekstuaaliset rakenteet, tanssi tai muu fyysinen toiminta) kautta. Tämä on runonkeruiden teksteihin painottumisen vuoksi jäänyt hankalasti tarkasteltavissa olevaksi laulukulttuurin osaksi. Kuitenkaan runojen merkitykset laulajilleen ja kuulijoilleen eivät muotoutuneet pelkästään tekstuaalisten piirteiden pohjalta. Analyysin pääkohteena on Armas Launiksen vuonna 1906 Länsi-Inkerin Soikkolassa äänittämä vahalieriö- eli fonogrammikokoelma. Vallitsevat tieteelliset ja kansalliset ideologiat vaikuttivat teknisten innovaatioiden ja kerääjien henkilökohtaisten mieltymysten rinnalla siihen, minkälaisia kommunikoinnin tapoja perinteeksi laskettiin ja miten niitä pyrittiin tallentamaan. Paikkakunnan ja runonkeruun historian sekä Launiksen keruutoiminnan lähdekriittinen tarkastelu antaa välineitä myös kerääjien usein kontekstitiedottomien mainintojen tulkitsemiseen. Laulutapojen tarkastelussa pohjana on klassinen kalevalamitan teoria. Aineiston litteraatiossa on näkyviin merkitty inkeriläisen laulun olennaisia, mutta runonkeruutilanteissa ja runomitan analyyseissä useimmiten pois jääneitä tai jätettyjä piirteitä. Näkökulmaa onkin laajennettu etnopoeettisilla ja etnomusikologisilla malleilla, esimerkiksi laulun rytmi on otettu runomitan tulkinnassa huomioon. Laulutapojen kytkeminen laulutilanteisiin, runoihin, sävelmiin ja laulajien itsensä hahmottamiin sävel-kategorioihin liittää työn laajempiin esitystilanteita sekä muodon ja merkityksen välisiä yhteyksiä koskeviin keskusteluihin. Monet aineiston ensi kuulemalla mittavirheiltä vaikuttavat piirteet näyttäytyvät laulutapojen tarkemmassa analyysissä tietoisesti käytettyinä laulamisen tyylipiirteinä. Näiden käyttö muokkasi osaltaan runon laulutilanteessa saamaa rakennetta ja sävyä. Runojen laulaminen edellytti runomitan ja -aiheiden hallitsemisen lisäksi myös laulutapoihin liittyvien säännöstöjen taitamista. Laulutapojen, runojen, melodioiden ja laulutilanteiden välisestä verkostosta hahmottuu tässä tarkasteltujen häälaulujen suhteen merkityksellisiä yhteyksiä: runoa ei tietyssä tilanteessa laulettu millä hyvänsä melodialla vaikka ehdottomia tai ääneen lausuttuja sääntöjä ei olisikaan ollut. Aineiston häälaulujen joukosta on löydettävissä kaksi selkeää vaikkakaan ei poikkeuksetonta tiettyihin laulutilanteisiin ja runoaiheisiin liittynyttä melodiaryhmää. Selkeiden luokittelumallien sijasta aineisto tarjoaakin mahdollisuuksia ihmisten välisen kommunikaation hienovaraisten ja vaihtelevien keinojen tarkasteluun. Avainsanat: Kalevalamittainen runous, runolaulu, Inkeri, inkeroiset, etnopoetiikka

Assessment of the severity of Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone in 2014–2015

The current Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented in scale, and Sierra Leone is the most severely affected country. The case fatality risk (CFR) and hospitalization fatality risk (HFR) were used to characterize the severity of infections in confirmed and probable EVD cases in Sierra Leone. Proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate factors associated with the risk of death in EVD cases. In total, there were 17 318 EVD cases reported in Sierra Leone from 23 May 2014 to 31 January 2015. Of the probable and confirmed EVD cases with a reported final outcome, a total of 2536 deaths and 886 recoveries were reported. CFR and HFR estimates were 74·2% [95% credibility interval (CrI) 72·6–75·5] and 68·9% (95% CrI 66·2–71·6), respectively. Risks of death were higher in the youngest (0–4 years) and oldest (≥60 years) age groups, and in the calendar month of October 2014. Sex and occupational status did not significantly affect the mortality of EVD. The CFR and HFR estimates of EVD were very high in Sierra Leone.

Regimento Interno e Constituição da Republica

Inclui: Regimento Interno da Câmara dos Deputados; Constituição da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil de 1891; Lei n. 27, de 1892, que regula o processo e o julgamento do Presidente da República e dos Ministros de Estado; Lei n. 30, de 1892, sobre crimes de responsabilidade do Presidente da República; Lei n. 2.511, de 1911, sobre a tomada da contas.

Recopilación de artículos sobre la geografía vasca, y nota del "Diario de Navarra" sobre las investigaciones del profesor Angel Viñas sobre la Guerra Civil.

Fecha: 11-8-1972/9-5-1982 / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 48 - Expediente 7-18 / Nº de pág.: 7 (mecanografiadas)

Documentos ácerca do trafico da escravatura : extrahidos dos papeis relativos a Portugal apresentados ao Parlamento Britannico

Coleção Marcio Moreira Alves.

Relaçam verdadeira da entrada que o Governador das Armas Mathias de Albuquerque fez em Castella neste mes de abril do anno prezente de 1644 & sucesso de Montijo

A guerra com a Espanha foi objeto de relações e notícias, que são as primeiras manifestações do jornalismo em língua portuguesa. Curiosamente, só são encontradas em português as que relatam vitórias portuguesas. Inversamente, as vitórias espanholas são encontradas apenas em castelhano

Systhema de medidas adoptaveis para a progressiva e total extincção do trafico, e da escravatura no Brasil

Proposta da Sociedade ao Governo Imperial para a gradual e total extinção da escravatura no Brasil.

Quince años de investigaciones histórico-arqueológicas en torno a Getaria

Homenaje a Jesús Altuna

Restauracion de la ciudad del Salvador, i Baia de Todos-Santos, en la provincia del Brasil :por las armas de Don Philippe IV, el Grande, Rei Catholico de las Espanas i Indias, [et]c. A su Magestad : Don Thomas Tamaio de Vargas, su cronista

Tomás Tamayo de Vargas, historiador espanhol, nasceu em 1588 e morreu em 1641. Cronista do Reino, escreveu essa obra por ordem real, que foi publicada em 1628, utilizando documentação oficial e informações que as relações da época lhe proporcionavam. ‘Restauracion de la ciudad del Salvador, i Baia de Todos-Sanctos, en la Provincia del Brasil’ reflete a opinião oficial espanhola sobre a restauração da Bahia e mostra a repercussão que o acontecimento teve na metrópole espanhola que, na época, dominava o Brasil. Rodrigues considera essa uma edição ‘rara’ e Brunet afirma ser ‘muito rara’. Há uma edição brasileira, difícil de encontrar, publicada em Salvador pela Tipografia de Epifanio Pedroza (1847)

O trafico da escravatura, e o Bill de Lord Palmerston

Ex-secretário de Estado dos Negócios Estrangeiros de Portugal, o autor analisa as medidas tomadas por Portugal e Inglaterra em relação à abolição do tráfico de escravos. O Parlamento britânico adotou, em 1840, uma lei proposta por Lord Palmerston, autorizando os navios de guerra britânicos a "capturar, em todos os mares, as embarcações que, com bandeira portuguesa, se empreguem ou sejam suspeitas de empregar-se no tráfico da escravatura. O visconde de Sá da Bandeira, que havia negociado com o governo inglês vários acordos e projetos de tratados, escreveu um livro sobre o assunto, onde há informações históricas importantes não só a respeito da escravidão nas colônias portuguesas como nas inglesas, nas dinamarquesas, francesas, espanholas e nos Estados Unidos

Tratado completo do jogo de florete, em o qual se estabelecem os principios certos dos exercícios offensivos, e defensivos desta arte : obra necessaria às pessoas, que se destinão às armas, e util aquellas, que se querem aperfeiçoar

Trata-se da primeira obra sobre esgrima publicada em português