Estudo fisiológico do efeito da complexidade estrutural da fonte de nitrôgenio no meio de cultura no metabolismo de leveduras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de tensões induzidas em linhas de distribuição de baixa tensão frente a uma descarga atmosférica

Neste trabalho são apresentadas simulações computacionais inéditas para o cálculo de tensões induzidas em linhas de baixa tensão provenientes de descargas atmosféricas em estações rádio-base de telefonia celular (ERBs). Foram construídas estruturas representativas que denotam um grau de complexidade bastante avançado e semelhante ao encontrado em campo, visando assim a obtenção o de resultados bem próximos aos da realidade. Para tal, desenvolveu-se um software, no qual as equações de Maxwell são resolvidas numericamente utilizando o Método das Diferenças Finitas no Domínio do Tempo (FDTD), associado à truncagem de domínio de análise pela técnica da UPML e representação de condutores elétricos pela formulação de fio fino para meios condutivos, gerando soluções de onda completa para o problema.

Caracterização estrutural do embasamento do Grupo Araí, na zona externa da faixa Brasília (GO)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inventário da araneofauna (Arachnida, Araneae) do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí, Brasil

Foi realizado o inventário da araneofauna do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (municípios de Brasileira e Piracuruca, Piauí), utilizando amostragem padronizada para permitir comparações entre as assembléias de aranhas de seis fitofisionomias existentes na área de estudo e obter estimativas de riqueza. Utilizaram-se dados oriundos amostragem com armadilhas de queda (PTF), extratores de Winkler (WIN), guarda-chuva entomológico (GCE), rede de varredura (RV) e coletas manuais noturnas (MN), totalizando 1386 amostras; além do exame de todos os demais espécimes já coletados na área de estudo (n=1166). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se os dados obtidos com GCE, RV e MN. Ao todo, foram coletados 14.890 indivíduos (4491 adultos), segregados em 364 espécies. Destas, 72 foram determinadas a nível específico, 62 são novos registros para a área de estudo, 2 são novos registros para o Brasil e 48 foram reconhecidas como espécies novas por especialistas. A aplicação dos métodos GCE, RV e MN resultou em 11.085 aranhas, pertencentes a 303 espécies. As estimativas de riqueza variaram entre 355 (Bootstrap) e 467 (Jack 2). Entretanto o estimador que apresentou maior tendência a atingir a assíntota foi Chao 2 (403 spp.). A riqueza observada foi maior na mata seca semi-decídua (131 spp.), seguida pela mata de galeria (104 spp.), campo limpo (102 spp.), cerradão (91 spp.), cerrado típico (88 spp.) e cerrado rupestre (78 spp.). A eficiência dos métodos de coleta exibiu variação de acordo com a fitofisionomia onde o método foi aplicado, destacando-se a elevada eficiência da rede de varredura em áreas abertas. A composição de espécies variou entre as fitofisionomias e pode ser, em parte, explicada pela complexidade estrutural das áreas em questão. Os resultados das análises de agrupamento sugerem que em condições de dominância elevada, estes testes sejam realizados com coeficientes que utilizem dados qualitativos, a fim de anular-se o efeito da escolha do coeficiente e/ou a necessidade de transformação dos dados. De maneira geral, a araneofauna do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades não segue padrões de agrupamento como sugerido para as análises botânicas, em que fitofisionomias campestre, savânicas e florestais são agrupadas.

Social wasp-flower visiting guild interactions in less structurally complex habitats are more susceptible to local extinction

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O efeito da complexidade estrutural da fonte de carbono e nitrogênio no desempenho fermentativo de leveduras industriais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Síntese de 14-aril-14h-dibenzol[a,j]xantenos e 4-aril-3,4-di-hidrobenzo[f]cumarinas promovida pelo pentacloreto de nióbio, com potencial aplicação na preparação de corantes sensibilizadores para utilização em dispositivos de Grätzel

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudos sobre a aplicação do pentacloreto de nióbio na síntese de derivados de 4-aril-3,4-di- hidrocumarinas

Coumarin is a natural active compound that can be found in many plants. The coumarins have many properties such as bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antibiotics, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and antiviral, thus, they are widely used in medical applications. More recently the coumarin derivatives have attracted the interest of many research groups in the field of new materials, for example the possibility of their use as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and lasers. The MCRs are defined as a process in which three or more reactants are combined in the same reaction pot, resulting in products with good structural complexity a single step, in addition to economy of atoms and selectivity and is a very important feature in modern synthetic methodology. In this work we investigated the use of niobium pentachloride as catalyst of the multicomponent reactions between phenolic derivatives, various aromatic aldehydes and β-diester derivatives in the synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives. The reactions were carried out at room temperature, under inert atmosphere (N2), using dichloromethane anhydrous (CH2 Cl2) as solvent, with a reaction time of most 120 hours. The products were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and submitted to spectrometric and spectroscopic analysis. The results show that NbCl5 is an excellent agent for promoting the synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives through multicomponent reactions, obtaining yields varying from 45 to 95%

Produção de mudas de espécies florestais de restinga, com base em estudos florísticos e fitossociológicos, visando a recuperação de áreas degradadas, em Ilha Comprida - SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cranial osteology of meiglyptini (aves: piciformes: picidae)

The Meiglyptini comprise eight species grouped into three genera: Meiglyptes and Mulleripicus, with three species each, and Hemicircus, with two species. The aim of the present study was to describe the cranial osteology of six species and three genera of Meiglyptini and to compare them to each other, as well as with other species of woodpeckers and other bird groups. The cranial osteology varied among the investigated species, but the most markedly distinct characteristics were: (1) a frontal overhang is only observed in the middle portion of the frontale of H. concretus; (2) the Proc. zygomaticus and suprameaticus are thick and long in species of the genus Mulleripicus, but short in other species; (3) the Pes pterygoidei is relatively larger in species of the genus Mulleripicus, while it is narrow, thin and relatively smaller in species of the genus Meiglyptes and indistinct in H. concretus; (4) the bony projection of the ectethmoidale is relatively short and thin in species of Mulleripicus and more developed in H. concretus. It appears that the greatest structural complexity of the cranial osteology is associated with the birds' diet, with the frugivorous H. concretus being markedly different from the insectivorous species.

Biodiversidade de parasitas de peixes da família Loricariidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) procedentes do rio Sapucaí-Mirim, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hesitações na organização da frase entonacional na aquisição da linguagem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Composition and Seasonal Variation of Brachyura and Anomura (Crustacea, Decapoda) Associated with Brown Mussel Farms at Praia da Cocanha, Brazil

The composition and seasonal variation of brachyuran and anomuran species associated with mussel farms were evaluated at Praia da Cocanha, Sao Paulo between May 2007 and February 2008. Nine mussel ropes were sampled at random in each quarter, and 1,208 organisms were identified, comprising five families and 28 species. The most numerous species was the porcellanid Pachycheles laevidactylus (18.5%), followed by the xanthids Acantholobulus schmitti (16.6%), Hexapanopeus paulensis (11.3%), Panopeus americanus (10.2%), and Menippe nodifrons (8.4%). The exotic crab Charybdis hellerii was recorded throughout the study period. The ecological descriptors, except Pielou evenness index, varied significantly over the time. The highest abundance and diversity of the species were recorded during November and February. This pattern was reversed for Berger-Parker dominance, with the lowest values recorded in February. The development of epifauna was correlated with the different stages of the mussel farms, since the mean size of mussels and consequently the abundance of epibiotic organisms and the structural complexity on the mussel ropes increased from May (seeding) until February (harvest). Despite this, the temporal population variations in recruitment patterns of the different epibionts should not be overlooked. The results indicated that the mussel farms provided favorable conditions for the development of these crustacean groups, which could be used in environmental monitoring programs and / or be exploited for the aquarium trade.

Composition and seasonal variation of brachyura and anomura (Crustacea, Decapoda) associated with brown mussel farms at Praia da Cocanha, Brazil

The composition and seasonal variation of brachyuran and anomuran species associated with mussel farms were evaluated at Praia da Cocanha, São Paulo between May 2007 and February 2008. Nine mussel ropes were sampled at random in each quarter, and 1,208 organisms were identified, comprising five families and 28 species. The most numerous species was the porcellanid Pachycheles laevidactylus (18.5%), followed by the xanthids Acantholobulus schmitti (16.6%), Hexapanopeus paulensis (11.3%), Panopeus americanus (10.2%), and Menippe nodifrons (8.4%). The exotic crab Charybdis hellerii was recorded throughout the study period. The ecological descriptors, except Pielou evenness index, varied significantly over the time. The highest abundance and diversity of the species were recorded during November and February. This pattern was reversed for Berger-Parker dominance, with the lowest values recorded in February. The development of epifauna was correlated with the different stages of the mussel farms, since the mean size of mussels and consequently the abundance of epibiotic organisms and the structural complexity on the mussel ropes increased from May (seeding) until February (harvest). Despite this, the temporal population variations in recruitment patterns of the different epibionts should not be overlooked. The results indicated that the mussel farms provided favorable conditions for the development of these crustacean groups, which could be used in environmental monitoring programs and / or be exploited for the aquarium trade.

The social construction of cooperation: exchange, identification and collective intentions within the organization

My aim is to develop a theory of cooperation within the organization and empirically test it. Drawing upon social exchange theory, social identity theory, the idea of collective intentions, and social constructivism, the main assumption of my work implies that both cooperation and the organization itself are continually shaped and restructured by actions, judgments, and symbolic interpretations of the parties involved. Therefore, I propose that the decision to cooperate, expressed say as an intention to cooperate, reflects and depends on a three step social process shaped by the interpretations of the actors involved. The first step entails an instrumental evaluation of cooperation in terms of social exchange. In the second step, this “social calculus” is translated into cognitive, emotional and evaluative reactions directed toward the organization. Finally, once the identification process is completed and membership awareness is established, I propose that individuals will start to think largely in terms of “We” instead of “I”. Self-goals are redefined at the collective level, and the outcomes for self, others, and the organization become practically interchangeable. I decided to apply my theory to an important cooperative problem in management research: knowledge exchange within organizations. Hence, I conducted a quantitative survey among the members of the virtual community, “www.borse.it” (n=108). Within this community, members freely decide to exchange their knowledge about the stock market among themselves. Because of the confirmatory requirements and the structural complexity of the theory proposed (i.e., the proposal that instrumental evaluations will induce social identity and this in turn will causes collective intentions), I use Structural Equation Modeling to test all hypotheses in this dissertation. The empirical survey-based study found support for the theory of cooperation proposed in this dissertation. The findings suggest that an appropriate conceptualization of the decision to exchange knowledge is one where collective intentions depend proximally on social identity (i.e., cognitive identification, affective commitment, and evaluative engagement) with the organization, and this identity depends on instrumental evaluations of cooperators (i.e., perceived value of the knowledge received, assessment of past reciprocity, expected reciprocity, and expected social outcomes of the exchange). Furthermore, I find that social identity fully mediates the effects of instrumental motives on collective intentions.