Saccamoeba lacustris, sp. nov. (Amoebozoa: Lobosea: Hartmannellidae), a new lobose amoeba, parasitized by the novel chlamydia 'Candidatus Metachlamydia lacustris' (Chlamydiae: Parachlamydiaceae).

An amoeba isolated from an aquatic biotope, identified morphologically as Saccamoeba limax, was found harbouring mutualistic rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria. During their cultivation on agar plates, a coinfection also by lysis-inducing chlamydia-like organisms was found in some subpopulations of that amoeba. .Here we provide a molecular-based identification of both the amoeba host and the two bacterial endosymbionts. Analysis of the 18S rRNA gene revealed that this strain is the sister-group to Glaeseria, for which we proposed the name Saccamoeba lacustris. The rod-shaped endosymbiont was identified as a member of Variovorax paradoxus group (Comamonadaceae, Beta-Proteobacteria). No growth on bacteriological agars was recorded, hence this symbiont might be strictly intracellular. The chlamydia-like parasite was unable to infect Acanthamoeba and other amoebae in coculture, showing high host specificity. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA indicated that it is a new member of the family Parachlamydiaceae (order Chlamydiales), for which we proposed the name 'Candidatus Metachlamydia lacustris'.

Lecanora balearica sp. nov., nuevo liquen epifitico de las islas Baleares

CRESPO, A. and X. LLIMONA (1981). Lecanora balearica sp. nov., nuevo liquen epífito de las Islas Baleares. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38(l):25-28. Se describe una nueva especie epifltica del género Lecanora (Lecanoraceae, Lichenes) recolectada en Ibiza y Cabrera.

Description of a rare isopod crustacean, Arcturella poorei sp. nov. (Isopoda: Valvifera: Arcturidae), from the Atlantic seaboard of Cadiz (Iberian Peninsula)

This paper describes a new species of arcturidean isopod, Arcturella poorei, from the Atlantic seaboard of Cadiz (Spain). A diagnosis and description of the species is presented, and a comparison with other species of the genus from the area.

Euphorbia pedroi Molero and Rovira, sp. nov. (Sect. Balsamis, Euphorbiaceae).

Se describe la nueva especie Euphorbia pedroi Molero and Rovira

Bartonella apis sp. nov., a honey bee gut symbiont of the class Alphaproteobacteria.

Here, we report the culture and characterization of an alphaproteobacterium of the order Rhizobiales, isolated from the gut of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Strain PEB0122T shares >95 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with species of the genus Bartonella, a group of mammalian pathogens transmitted by bloodsucking arthropods. Phylogenetic analyses showed that PEB0122T and related strains from the honey bee gut form a sister clade of the genus Bartonella. Optimal growth of strain PEB0122T was obtained on solid media supplemented with defibrinated sheep blood under microaerophilic conditions at 35-37 °C, which is consistent with the cultural characteristics of other species of the genus Bartonella. Reduced growth of strain PEB0122T also occurred under aerobic conditions. The rod-shaped cells of strain PEB0122T had a mean length of 1.2-1.8 μm and revealed hairy surface structures. Strain PEB0122T was positive for catalase, cytochrome c oxidase, urease and nitrate reductase. The fatty acid composition was comparable to those of other species of the genus Bartonella, with palmitic acid (C16 : 0) and isomers of 18- and 19-carbon chains being the most abundant. The genomic DNA G+C content of PEB0122T was determined to be about 45.5 mol%. The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with species of Bartonella and its close phylogenetic position suggest that strain PEB0122T represents a novel species within the genus Bartonella, for which we propose the name Bartonella apis sp. nov. The type strain is PEB0122T ( = NCIMB 14961T = DSM 29779T).

Uma ferrugem, causada por Phakopsora tomentosae sp. nov., em oiti , em Manaus

Relata-se a ocorrência de um fungo de ferrugem em mudas e árvores de oiti (Licania tomentosa) em Manaus, AM. Os sintomas de queima de brotações, terminais de ramos, limbos novos e lesões necróticas em limbos maduros ou velhos foram relacionados à fase de uredínia, cujas pústulas, anfígenas, tinham tonalidade amarelada passando a esbranquiçadas. Crostas marrom-claras a escuras, correspondentes à fase de télia, foram freqüentemente observadas próximas à periferia das lesões necróticas, na superfície abaxial de limbos maduros ou velhos. O agente causal foi descrito como Phakopsra tomentosae.

Mycovellosiella robbsii sp. nov. causing leaf-spot on Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia

This is a description of the new species Mycovellosiella robsii, a cercosporoidal hyphomycete, associated with leaf spots on Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, an important hedge plant with multiple uses in Brazil. The new species was compared to other cercosporoid species associated with plants of the genus Mimosa and other species of the genus Mycovellosiella described on legumes, and is recognized as a distinct taxon. Koch's postulates were carried out and the disease was reproduced by inoculating healthy plants with mycelial suspension or disk, confirming the pathogenicity. This is the first report of a fungal disease on this host.

Hypocrea stromatica sp. nov. teleomorfo de Trichoderma stromaticum

Trichoderma stromaticum é um fungo antagonista a Crinipellis perniciosa, agente causal da vassoura-de-bruxa do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao). Estromas periteciais de Hypocrea sp. formaram-se sobre a superfície de frutos mumificados e vassouras secas de cacaueiros em áreas onde T. stromaticum tinha sido pulverizado, experimentalmente, no controle biológico de C. perniciosa. Ascósporos obtidos dos estromas de Hypocrea sp. originaram colônias idênticas às de T. stromaticum. DNA genômico de colônias provenientes de ascósporos desta Hypocrea sp., de conídios de T. stromaticum e de Fusarium sp. (controle negativo) foi extraído e amplificado com oito "primers" decâmeros para obtenção de marcadores RAPD. Observaram-se similaridades genéticas de 0,82 a 0,96 entre os isolados ascospóricos e conidiais com base nos marcadores RAPD e de 0,06 a 0,09 entre estes e o isolado de Fusarium sp. O teleomorfo de T. stromaticum é denominado H. stromatica Bezerra, Costa & Bastos sp. nov.

Espécies de Uromyces em leguminosas do Cerrado com descrição de U. galactiae sp. nov.

Foram estudadas cinco espécies de Uromyces sobre Bauhinia spp. e uma espécie nova em Galactia peduncularis. Uromyces bauhiniae foi encontrada pela primeira vez sobre B. holophylla, onde somente Uromyces floralis havia sido descrita. Uromyces floralis foi estudada sobre B. curvula, hospedeiro inédito no Brasil para esta espécie. Uromyces foveolatus, comum em B. acuruana var. nitida, no cerrado do Mato Grosso e U. goyazensis sobre B. dumosa var. viscidula foram encontradas somente na fase telial em todas as exsicatas examinadas. Uromyces viegasii foi estudada em B. forficata. Uromyces galactiae sp. nov. é o primeiro fungo fitopatogênico associado ao gênero Galactia.

Cyanoaggregatum brasiliense gen. et sp. nov., a new chroococcal Cyanobacteria from Southern Brazil

The paper proposed Cyanoaggregatum brasiliense, a new genus and species from the plankton of a subtropical brackish coastal lagoon from Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil. It differs from all other members of Chroococcales by its characteristic arrangement of cells in irregular groups distributed in a single, flat or slightly curved layer, on irregular rows, slightly distant from each other, forming a mosaic-like pattern slightly below the surface of the mucilaginous colonial envelope. The cell division in one plane perpendicular to the long axis and the lack of pseudo-filaments indicate its classification in the family Synechococcaceae, sub-family Aphanothecoideae. The general characteristics, the diagnostic criteria and the taxonomic position are discussed, and a comparison between Cyanoaggregatum and its most closely related genera is presented. Physical and chemical data on the studied lagoon and geographical distribution are presented.

Formate-dependent growth and homoacetogenic fermentation by a bacterium from human feces: Description of Bryantella formatexigens gen. nov., sp nov.

Formate stimulates growth of a new bacterium from human feces. With high formate, it ferments glucose to acetate via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The original isolate fermented vegetable cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, but it lost this ability after storage at -76degreesC. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identifies it as a distinct line within the Clostridium coccoides supra-generic rRNA grouping. We propose naming it Bryantella formatexigens gen. nov., sp. nov.

Hespellia stercorisuis gen. nov., sp nov and Hespellia porcina sp nov., isolated from swine manure storage pits

Four Gram-positive-staining, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped organisms were isolated from a pig manure storage pit. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to two related but distinct groups. Sequence analysis showed that the two groups of isolates were highly related to each other (approx. 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), forming a distinct cluster within the Clostridium coccoides suprageneric rDNA grouping. Biochemical and physiological studies confirmed the division of the isolates into two related, albeit distinct, groups. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unidentified rod-shaped isolates from pig manure should be classified in a novel genus, Hespellia gen. nov., as Hespellia stercorisuis sp. nov. and Hespellia porcina sp. nov. The type species of the novel genus is H. stercorisuis (type strain, PC18(T) = NRRL B-23456(T) = CCUG 46279(T) = ATCC BAA-677(T)) and the type strain of H. porcina is PC80(T) (= NRRL B-23458(T) = ATCC BAA-674(T)).

Bacteroides coprosuis sp nov., isolated from swine-manure storage pits

Two Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped organisms were isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. Based on morphological and biochemical criteria, the strains were tentatively identified as belonging to the genus Bacteroides but they did not appear to correspond to any recognized species of the genus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the strains were related closely to each other and confirmed their placement in the genus Bacteroides, but sequence divergence values of > 10% from reference Bacteroides species demonstrated that the organisms from manure represent a novel species. Based on biochemical criteria and molecular genetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown isolates from manure be assigned to a novel species of the genus Bacteroides, as Bacteroides coprosuis sp. nov. The type strain is PC139(T) (=CCUG 50528(T)=NRRL B-41113(T)).