Assessment of surface winds over the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean in CMIP5 models: historical bias, forcing response, and state dependence

An assessment of the fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models’ simulation of the near-surface westerly wind jet position and strength over the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean is presented. Compared with reanalysis climatologies there is an equatorward bias of 3.7° (inter-model standard deviation of ± 2.2°) in the ensemble mean position of the zonal mean jet. The ensemble mean strength is biased slightly too weak, with the largest biases over the Pacific sector (-1.6±1.1 m/s, 27 -22%). An analysis of atmosphere-only (AMIP) experiments indicates that 41% of the zonal mean position bias comes from coupling of the ocean/ice models to the atmosphere. The response to future emissions scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) is characterized by two phases: (i) the period of most rapid ozone recovery (2000-2049) during which there is insignificant change in summer; and (ii) the period 2050-2098 during which RCP4.5 simulations show no significant change but RCP8.5 simulations show poleward shifts (0.30, 0.19 and 0.28°/decade over the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific sectors respectively), and increases in strength (0.06, 0.08 and 0.15 m/s/decade respectively). The models with larger equatorward position biases generally show larger poleward shifts (i.e. state dependence). This inter-model relationship is strongest over the Pacific sector (r=-0.89) and insignificant over the Atlantic sector (r=-0.50). However, an assessment of jet structure shows that over the Atlantic sector jet shift is significantly correlated with jet width whereas over the Pacific sector the distance between the sub-polar and sub-tropical westerly jets appears to be more important.

Police-community relations in East Los Angeles, California : a report of the California State Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights.

Cover title.

Remarks on a report of a committee of the Overseers of Harvard College, proposing certain changes, relating to the instruction and discipline of the College; read May 4, 1824, and to be taken into consideration June 1, 1824.

Attributed to Andrews Norton by himself in his Speech delivered before the Overseers of Harvard College, February 3, 1825 ... Boston, Cummings, Hilliard, & Co. University Press--Hilliard & Metcalf, 1825 (p.4).

Bilingual/bicultural education : a privilege or a right? = Educacion bilingue/bicultural : un privilegio o un derecho? : A report of the Illinois State Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights.

Cover title.

Defense contract settlement procedures : report of the Investigations Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, second session .

Mode of access: Internet.

Interstate and foreign transportation : hearings before the Joint Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Congress of the United States, pursuant to Public J. Res. 25, a joint resolution creating a joint subcommittee from the membership of the Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce and the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce to investigate the conditions relating to interstate and foreign commerce, and the necessity of further legislation relating thereto, and defing the powers and duties of such subcommittee.

Printed for the use of the Joint Committee on Interstate Commerce.

The case of Steve Nelson from the records of the proposed antisubversion legislation, hearings before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, Eighty-sixth Congress, first session. Appendix to Part 1.

Mode of access: Internet.

An atlas of proposed new intermediate school districts for New York state; approved by the Research Committee of the Council on Rural Education.

pt. I. Descriptive material.--pt. II. Maps.

Abstract of evidence taken before a committee of the House of Lords, appointed to inquire into the state of the corn trade, June & July, 1814.

Mode of access: Internet.

A plea for the incorporation of co-operative loan and building associations. Submitted to the Joint special labor committee of the Massachusetts Legislature,

Mode of access: Internet.

Investigation of offices and departments of the city of New York by a special committee of the Assembly ... Report of counsel, December 22, 1899.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Indian law reports, containing cases determined by the High Court at Bombay, and by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on appeal from the court.

Editors: L.J. Robertson.

Report of the Committee of the General Assembly appointed to investigate the charges against Dixmont Insane Asylum and the affairs of the Western Penitentiary.

Mode of access: Internet.

Survey of public schools of East Greenwich, Rhode Island, requested by the school committee of the town commissioner of education, authorized by the state Board of education to make survey. Report of the Survey commission. Public education service. State of Rhode Island.

Running title: East Greenwich school survey.

Report of a committee of the Manchester Statistical Society on the state of education in the Borough of Manchester, in 1834.

Mode of access: Internet.