Niklas Luhmann y los sistemas autopoiéticos

La noción de autopoiesis fue publicada por los biólogos chilenos Humberto Maturana y Francisco Varela a comienzos de la década de 1970, para explicar el proceso circular de reproducción de los seres vivos o lo que ellos denominan la organización de lo vivo. Una década más tarde, el sociólogo alemán Niklas Luhmann utiliza la idea de autopoiesis para explicar su teoría de la comunicación, como elemento constitutivo de los sistemas sociales, y para diferenciarla de la teoría de la acción comunicativa desarrollada por Jürgen Habermas. En su artículo Autopiesis, acción y entendimiento comunicativo, publicado en 1982, Luhmann desarrolla la idea de que los sistemas sociales son sistemas autorreferenciales autopoiéticos, porque están constituidos por elementos producidos por los propios sistemas de los cuales estos elementos son componentes. En su obra principal Sistemas sociales: lineamientos para una teoría general, publicada en 1984, amplía y fundamenta estas ideas. En este ensayo se discuten tres cuestiones, teniendo en cuenta la creciente influencia de Luhmann en el campo de la teoría sociológica y de la sociología de las organizaciones: ¿cuál es el origen y significado de la autopoiesis?, ¿en qué consisten los sistemas autorreferenciales autopoiéticos? y ¿cómo funcionan los sistemas organizacionales de decisiones?

Language and literature in society : a sociological essay on theory and method in the interpretation of linguistic symbols : with a bibliographical guide to the sociology of literature.

Bibliography: p. [141]-214.

The Sociology of Rural Life [a symposium]

Mode of access: Internet.

The sociology of urban regions.

Mode of access: Internet.

The sociology of economic life.

Bibliography: p. 118.

The ecology and sociology of the Norway rat /

Bibliography: p. 285-288.

Methodology choices and the construction of facts:some implications from the sociology of scientific knowledge

This paper has two objectives: first, to provide a brief review of developments in the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK); second to apply an aspect of SSK theorising which is concerned with the construction of scientific knowledge. The paper offers a review of the streams of thought which can be identified within SSK and then proceeds to illustrate the theoretic constructs introduced in the earlier discussion by analysing a particular contribution to the literature on research methodology in accounting and organisations studies. The paper chosen for analysis is titled “Middle Range Thinking”. The objective of this paper is not to argue that the approach used in this paper is invalid, but to seek to expose the rhetorical nature of the argumentation which is used by the author of the paper.

Connecting a sociology of childhood perspective with the study of child health, illness and wellbeing:introduction

In the last decades we have seen a growing interest in research into children's own experiences and understandings of health and illness. This development, we would argue, is much stimulated by the sociology of childhood which has drawn our attention to how children as a social group are placed and perceived within the structure of society, and within inter-generational relations, as well as how children are social agents and co-constructors of their social world. Drawing on this tradition, we here address some cross-cutting themes that we think are important to further the study of child health: situating children within health policy, drawing attention to practices around children's health and well-being and a focus on children as health actors. The paper contributes to a critical analysis of child health policy and notions of child health and normality, pointing to theoretical and empirical research potential for the sociology of children's health and illness.

Connecting a sociology of childhood perspective with the study of child health, illness and wellbeing:introduction

This chapter focuses on concepts and theoretical points of departure found in child health and wellbeing studies. Firstly, seeing children as a social group draws attention to the ways this group is placed and perceived in the structures of societies. Children as a social group need to be understood in relation to other social groups. Secondly, understanding children as social agents and as co-constructors of their social worlds is fundamental to studying their experiences and ways of dealing with health and wellbeing in everyday life. Thirdly, in recent years, there has been a turn towards seeing children as beings. The chapter discusses the child health issues and concerns in contemporary society. Children are diagnosed with an increasing range of conditions and are subject to more and more elaborate child health and welfare interventions, reflecting a medical perspective on the changing panorama of illness and health risks in the 21st century.

The sociology of late secularization : social divisions and religiosity

Peer reviewed