Two Pine Endo-β-1,4-Glucanases Are Associated with Rapidly Growing Reproductive Structures

Two cDNA clones encoding endo-β-1,4-glucanases (EGases) were isolated from a radiata pine (Pinus radiata) cDNA library prepared from immature female strobili. The cDNAs PrCel1 (Pinus radiata cellulase 1) and PrCel2 encode proteins 509 and 515 amino acids in length, respectively, including putative signal peptides. Both proteins contain domains conserved in plant and bacterial EGases. The proteins PRCEL1 and PRCEL2 showed strong similarity to each other (76% amino acid identity), and higher similarity to TPP18 (73 and 67%, respectively), an EGase cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) pistils, than to any other reported EGases. Northern-blot analyses indicated that both genes displayed a similar pattern of expression. The only significant difference was in the level of expression. In situ hybridizations were used to demonstrate that, within differentiating pine reproductive structures, PrCel1 expression was greatest in microsporangia in pollen strobili and near the developing ovule in the seed strobili. Expression was also found in vegetative tissues, especially in regions experiencing cell elongation, such as the elongating region of root tips. Both proteins have an ability to degrade carboxymethylcellulose in vitro. Genomic-blot analysis indicated the presence of a family of EGase genes in the radiata pine genome, and that PrCel1 and PrCel2 are transcribed from distinct one-copy genes.

The history of the progress and termination of the Roman republic.

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Histoire des progrès et de la chûte de la République Romaine /

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Histoire des progrès et de la chûte de la République Romaine /

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El Espíritu de S. Vicente de Paul, o Modelo de conducta que se propone a todos los Eclesiásticos en sus virtudes, en sus acciones y sus palabras /

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Manuel des supérieurs ecclésiastiques et réguliers, des confesseurs et des directeurs, ou l'Art de guérir les maladies de l'âme ... /

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The history of the progress and termination of the Roman Republic /

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Dissertation historique et critique pour servir à l'histoire des premiers tems de la monarchie française ...

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The history of the progress and termination of the Roman Republic /

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The history of the progress and termination of the Roman republic.

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An essay on the history of civil society.

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The theory of moral sentiments; or, an essay towards an analysis of the principles by wich men naturally judge concerning the conduct and character, first of their neighbours, and afterwards of themselves : to which is added a dissertation on the origin of languages

by Adam Smith, LL.D., fellow of the royal societies of London and Edinburgh, one of the commissioners of his majesty's customs in Scotland, and formerly professor of moral philosophy in the University of Glasgow