Uso de Redes Neurais ARTMAP Nebulosas para a classificação de padrões em sinais ECoG relacionados ao movimento dos dedos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Tecnologias de aplicação de produtos fitossanitários no controle de percevejos pragas na cultura da soja

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Interpretação racional do ensaio DPL

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of contact and systemic insecticides on the sharpshooter Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Hemiptera: cicadellidae), a vector of Xylella fastidiosa in citrus

The knockdown and toxic effects of insecticides of different chemical groups and modes of action registered for citrus in Brazil were investigated for effective control of Bucephalogonia xanthophis, a sharpshooter vector of Xylella fastidiosa in citrus. The active ingredients dimethoate (1.2 mL/1.2L), imidacloprid (0.24 mL/1.2L) and lambda-cyhalothrin (0.24 mL/1.2L), as well as a control (water), were sprayed onto branches of potted-citrus nursery trees to evaluate the effect of residual contact. The insects were confined on sprayed branches by using sleeve cages, in groups of 10 per branch (5 branches/treatment). Lambdacyhalothrin showed a knockdown effect on B. xanthophis (>70% mortality within 2 h of exposure), and the residues were effective for approximately one wk. Imidacloprid, lambdacyhalothrin and dimethoate suppressed the vector populations for up to 3 wk after application, when the insects were exposed to sprayed plants for at least 24 h. In another experiment, 2 neonicotinoid insecticides (thiamethoxam and imidacloprid) were applied by soil drench to potted nursery trees, in order to study their systemic effect, i.e., mortality by ingestion on sharpshooter adults. Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid effectively controlled the vectors at all concentrations tested, when the insects were exposed to treated plants for 24 h (>80% mortality) or 48 h (near 100% mortality). The knockdown effect of thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin might be particularly important to prevent vector transmission of X. fastidiosa in citrus groves.

Resultados da cirurgia bariátrica e metabólica: gastrectomia vertical versus gastroplastia vertical com derivação em Y-de-Roux. Ensaio clínico prospectivo

Objetivos: Avaliar a equivalência da operação gastrectomia vertical com anel (GVA), em relação à operação gastroplastia vertical com anel e derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux (DGA), na indução de perda ponderal e modificação da composição corporal em obesas mórbidas. Verificar os impactos laboratoriais e clínicos da GVA sobre as principais doenças associadas à obesidade mórbida, e a ocorrência de complicações, em comparação à DGA. Métodos: Ensaio clínico prospectivo não-randomizado, incluindo 65 mulheres obesas mórbidas, distribuídas em dois grupos, GVA (n = 33) e DGA (n = 32). Operadas consecutivamente, pelo mesmo cirurgião, por via laparotômica. Os parâmetros avaliados foram antropométricos; composição corporal, por meio de bioimpedância elétrica; laboratoriais; efeitos sobre as doenças pré-existentes e complicações. Resultados: Ocorreu perda de peso expressiva (p = 0,0000), redução do índice de massa corporal - IMC (p = 0,0000) e cintura abdominal (p = 0,0000) em ambos grupos. O índice cintura/quadril diminuiu (p = 0,0000) após ambas intervenções. A perda do excesso de IMC foi de 86,05% ± 14,2 no grupo GVA e 85,91 ± 15,71 no grupo DGA. A variação da gordura corporal foi de -35,84% ± 8,66 no grupo GVA e de -37,64% ± 9,62 no grupo DGA. A redução dos níveis de triglicerídios (p = 0,0222) foi mais expressiva no grupo DGA. O grupo DGA atingiu os alvos terapêuticos para o colesterol-LDL com maior freqüência (p = 0,0005), que o grupo GVA. Intolerância à glicose, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, esteatose hepática e síndrome metabólica, foram controladas de forma semelhante entre as técnicas. Anemia foi mais prevalente no grupo DGA (p=0,0033) e a esofagite erosiva, no grupo GVA (p = 0,0032). Não houve diferença na formação de cálculos biliares entre os grupos. Conclusões: A GVA é tão efetiva quanto a DGA em induzir perda ponderal e modificação favorável da composição corporal. A GVA é menos efetiva no controle da dislipidemia, em relação à DGA. GVA acarreta anemia em menor freqüência e, esofagite erosiva de maneira mais freqüente, que a DGA. GVA não é mais segura que a DGA, mas deve ser considerada intervenção bariátrica efetiva como segunda opção.

Evaluation of LBP and HOG descriptors for clothing attribute description

[EN]In this work an experimental study about the capability of the LBP, HOG descriptors and color for clothing attribute classification is presented. Two different variants of the LBP descriptor are considered, the original LBP and the uniform LBP. Two classifiers, Linear SVM and Random Forest, have been included in the comparison because they have been frequently used in clothing attributes classification. The experiments are carried out with a public available dataset, the clothing attribute dataset, that has 26 attributes in total. The obtained accuracies are over 75% in most cases, reaching 80% for the necktie or sleeve length attributes.

Effetti di un sistema innovativo di confezionamento e conservazione sulla qualita dell'olio extra vergine di oliva

Questo lavoro di tesi è stato finalizzato allo studio dell’applicabilità e dell’efficacia di una modalità di confezionamento dell’olio extra vergine di oliva (EVO) in grado di raggiungere due obiettivi: - il prolungamento della shelf-life dell’olio d’oliva grazie ad un’azione protettiva del packaging dalla radiazione luminosa; - l’ottenimento di un’estetica accattivante che consenta al consumatore di apprezzare colore e livello del prodotto contenuto. È stata, quindi, testata l’efficacia di un film protettivo trasparente, termoretraibile, stampabile e con effetto barriera contro le radiazioni UV applicato su bottiglie in vetro trasparente, confrontando i risultati ottenuti con quelli raccolti per campioni conservati in bottiglie in vetro scuro e trasparente. Per la realizzazione di questo studio sono stati utilizzati due EVO monovarietali e per ognuno di questi sono state confrontate tre tipologie di confezionamento: vetro scuro, vetro trasparente rivestito con pellicola, vetro trasparente. Per simulare un processo di “invecchiamento accelerato” le bottiglie sono state poste in un termostato (20 °C) all’interno del quale sono state istallate delle lampade in grado di illuminare le bottiglie in continuo e i campioni erano monitorati ad intervalli regolari (5, 10 e 15 settimane). Le determinazioni analitiche svolte (titrimetriche, spettrofotometriche, cromatografiche e sensoriali) hanno riguardato i principali parametri quali-quantitativi correlati allo stato idrolitico (acidità libera, digliceridi) ed ossidativo (numero di perossidi) degli oli d’oliva, nonché relativi alle molecole antiossidanti (contenuto in fenoli totali e tocoferoli) ed agli attributi sensoriali. I risultati ottenuti da queste prove esplorative hanno evidenziato come l’applicazione di sleeve additivate con anti-UV su bottiglie in vetro trasparente possa costituire una valida modalità di confezionamento dell’olio EVO, anche se saranno necessarie ulteriori conferme ed approfondimenti.

Obesity and GERD: pathophysiology and effect of bariatric surgery

Epidemiologic, endoscopic, and pathophysiologic studies document the relationship between obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Increased body mass index and accumulation of visceral fat are associated with a two- to threefold increased risk of developing reflux symptoms and esophageal lesions. Given this association, many studies were designed to evaluate the outcome of reflux symptoms following conventional and surgical treatment of obesity. Among bariatric procedures, gastric sleeve and banded gastroplasty were shown to have no effect or even worsen reflux symptoms in the postoperative setting. Gastric banding improves reflux symptoms and findings (endoscopic and pH-measured distal esophageal acid exposure) in many patients, but is associated with de novo reflux symptoms or lesions in a considerable proportion of patients. To date, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most effective bariatric procedure that consistently leads to weight reduction and improvement of GERD symptoms in patients undergoing direct gastric bypass and among those converted from restrictive bariatric procedures to gastric bypass.

Preserving middle lobe to improve lung function in non-small-cell lung cancer

When a lung tumor arises in segment 6, the close anatomical relationship to the middle lobe bronchus may make a lower bilobectomy necessary. Sleeve lobectomy may be an alternative. These procedures were compared retrospectively in 36 patients operated on between January 2005 and December 2006 with non-small-cell lung cancer (stage I-IIIB) of the right lower lobe. Sleeve lobectomy was performed in 21 patients and bilobectomy in 15 (41%). Preoperative lung function was comparable in both groups. Radical resection was achieved in 34/36 patients. Operation time was 121 min for sleeve lobectomy and 144 min for bilobectomy. Chest tubes were removed after 5 days in both groups. Postoperative lung function was better after sleeve lobectomy than bilobectomy (forced expiratory volume in 1st sec: 78% vs. 69%). Preservation of the middle lobe by sleeve lobectomy is feasible. There was no evidence that this resection was less radical, and complication rates were similar in both groups.

Reflux nach bariatrischen Operationen

Obesity and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) are two of the major health problems of the industrialized world. Both condition have increased prevalence, pathophysiological and endoscopic studies identified obesity a major risk factor in the development of GERD. Conversely, successful weight reduction improves GERD symptoms and diminishes the use of acid suppressive medication. Bariatric interventions are not all equal when it comes to controlling GERD symptoms, lesions and use of medication. Gastric banding has a variable influence on GERD, while most patients report improved reflux symptoms, up to 20% of patient can develop "de novo" reflux symptoms following gastric banding. Gastric sleeve resection increases reflux symptoms, in particular in patients with an ideal, tubular gastroplasty and those with proximal (fundic) pouch. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has a positive effect of GERD, reducing symptoms and use of acid suppressive medications. From an esophageal perspective, gastric bypass is the preferred bariatric procedure to treat and prevent GERD in morbidly obese patients.

Effects of bariatric surgery on gastroesophageal reflux

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are two prevalent conditions with important impact on health resource utilization around the world. Obesity is a known risk factor in the pathogenesis of GERD. When conservative measures fail, bariatric surgery remains the only option to lose weight and correct obesity-related comorbidities. The influence of bariatric surgery on GERD depends on which bariatric intervention is used. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies indicate that laparoscopic gastric banding and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy have little influence on preexisting GERD symptoms and findings, but some patients may develop GERD after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. A number of studies have documented that laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improves GERD symptoms and findings, making it the preferred procedure for morbid obese patients with concomitant GERD. SUMMARY: Current findings provide good arguments for searching for and treating GERD in patients scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery. The presence of GERD might represent a relative contraindication for sleeve gastrectomy or gastric banding or both. Gastric bypass might be the procedure of choice in morbid obese patients with GERD symptoms or findings or both.

Incidence of Gallstone Formation and Cholecystectomy 10 Years After Bariatric Surgery.

PURPOSE Rapid weight loss is a risk factor for gallstone formation, and postoperative treatment options for gallstone formation are still part of scientific discussion. No prospective studies monitored the incidence for gallstone formation and subsequent cholecystectomy after bariatric surgery longer than 5 years. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of gallstone formation and cholecystectomy in bariatric patients over 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred nine patients were observed over 10 years after laparoscopic gastric banding or gastric bypass/gastric sleeve. The incidence of gallstone formation and cholecystectomy was correlated to longitudinal changes in anthropometric parameters. RESULTS In total, 91 female and 18 male patients were examined. Nineteen patients had postoperative gallstone formation, and 12 female patients required cholecystectomy. The number needed to harm for gallstone formation was 7.1 and 2.3 cases in the banding group and gastric bypass/gastric sleeve group, respectively. The number needed to harm for cholecystectomy was 11.6 and 2.5 cases in the banding group and the gastric bypass/gastric sleeve group, respectively. Weight loss was higher in patients requiring subsequent cholecystectomy. Mean follow-up to cholecystectomy was 21.5 months with the latest operation after 51 months. CONCLUSION Female gender and rapid weight loss were major risk factors for postoperative cholelithiasis. Ultrasound examinations within 2 to 5 years are recommended in every patient, independent of bariatric procedure. Pharmacologic treatment should be considered in high risk patients within 2 to 5 years to prevent postoperative cholelithiasis. This helps to optimize patient care and lowers postoperative morbidity.