Caracterização de uma comunidade de árvores e sua infestação por lianas em uma floresta decídua

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Eliminação da espécie Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (sansão-do-campo) em florestas em processo de restauração

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Caracterização hidrológica e ciclagem de nutrientes em fragmento de mata ciliar em Botucatu, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Variabilidade genética e química entre e dentro de populações de Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae) no estado de São Paulo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A ocorrência de espécies de cerrado em 18 fragmentos com fisionomia florestal no noroeste do estado de São Paulo e as carcterísticas do solo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Inventário da araneofauna (Arachnida, Araneae) do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí, Brasil

Foi realizado o inventário da araneofauna do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (municípios de Brasileira e Piracuruca, Piauí), utilizando amostragem padronizada para permitir comparações entre as assembléias de aranhas de seis fitofisionomias existentes na área de estudo e obter estimativas de riqueza. Utilizaram-se dados oriundos amostragem com armadilhas de queda (PTF), extratores de Winkler (WIN), guarda-chuva entomológico (GCE), rede de varredura (RV) e coletas manuais noturnas (MN), totalizando 1386 amostras; além do exame de todos os demais espécimes já coletados na área de estudo (n=1166). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se os dados obtidos com GCE, RV e MN. Ao todo, foram coletados 14.890 indivíduos (4491 adultos), segregados em 364 espécies. Destas, 72 foram determinadas a nível específico, 62 são novos registros para a área de estudo, 2 são novos registros para o Brasil e 48 foram reconhecidas como espécies novas por especialistas. A aplicação dos métodos GCE, RV e MN resultou em 11.085 aranhas, pertencentes a 303 espécies. As estimativas de riqueza variaram entre 355 (Bootstrap) e 467 (Jack 2). Entretanto o estimador que apresentou maior tendência a atingir a assíntota foi Chao 2 (403 spp.). A riqueza observada foi maior na mata seca semi-decídua (131 spp.), seguida pela mata de galeria (104 spp.), campo limpo (102 spp.), cerradão (91 spp.), cerrado típico (88 spp.) e cerrado rupestre (78 spp.). A eficiência dos métodos de coleta exibiu variação de acordo com a fitofisionomia onde o método foi aplicado, destacando-se a elevada eficiência da rede de varredura em áreas abertas. A composição de espécies variou entre as fitofisionomias e pode ser, em parte, explicada pela complexidade estrutural das áreas em questão. Os resultados das análises de agrupamento sugerem que em condições de dominância elevada, estes testes sejam realizados com coeficientes que utilizem dados qualitativos, a fim de anular-se o efeito da escolha do coeficiente e/ou a necessidade de transformação dos dados. De maneira geral, a araneofauna do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades não segue padrões de agrupamento como sugerido para as análises botânicas, em que fitofisionomias campestre, savânicas e florestais são agrupadas.

Dry and wet seasons set the phytochemical profile of the Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. essential oils

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Multiple Determinants of Anuran Richness and Occurrence in an Agricultural Region in South-Eastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Regeneração natural de mata ciliar em ecossistema de floresta estacional semidecidual: chuva de sementes e banco de sementes do solo

The knowledge of the dynamics of soil seed bank and seed rain is fundamental to understand the forest succession process, as well as for its conservation and restoration. This paper aimed at studying the role of the soil seed bank and seed rain in the dynamics of a riparian tropical seasonal forest fragment located on the hinterland of São Paulo State. The seed rain was studied by 30 litter traps installed at 50 cm from the floor, with an area of 50 cm x 50 cm. Between November of 2008 and October of 2009, 11364 seeds of 82 species belonging to 33 different families were collected. The deposition density of seeds was 126.27 individuals.m². With the data obtained from this research, the two seasons couldn’t be differed from each other hence 2009 was an atypical year considering the precipitation, which was constantly elevated. For the soil seed bank, fifty superficial soil samples will be taken at the end of both the rainy and dry seasons. The germination method was applied for the data analysis. It was observed a predominance of herbaceous habit species, with an average of 71% of the germinations in both seasons. The Sφrensen similarity index between the seasons was low (0,27). The density and species diversity were higher after the rainy season, unlike other published researches

Diversidade de Formicidae (Hymenoptera) em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua no Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

(Ant diversity (Hymenoptera) in a fragment of Semidecidual Seasonal Forest in Northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil). Due to scarce knowledge about ant fauna from Northwestern São Paulo State, the present study aimed to know the taxonomic diversity of Formicidae, relating the results to climatic variation along of one year. The samples were gotten monthly, using pitfall traps. It was sampled 25 species of 15 genera and seven subfamilies. Myrmicinae was the sampled richest subfamily, follows by Formicinae and Ponerinae. According Wilcoxon test, the species richness, equability and diversity estimated by Simpson index were significantly higher in the rain season. The obtained results suggest that the abundance of ants is significantly related to the temperature variation, while the ant assemblage structure is related to thermal and pluviometric variations.

Traços quantitativos e abundância de drosofilídeos como indicadores de impacto ambiental em fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecidual

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The importance of mesofauna and decomposition environment on leaf decomposition in three forests in southeastern Brazil

We examined the effects of soil mesofauna and the litter decomposition environment (above and belowground) on leaf decomposition rates in three forest types in southeastern Brazil. To estimate decomposition experimentally, we used litterbags with a standard substrate in a full-factorial experimental design. We used model selection to compare three decomposition models and also to infer the importance of forest type, decomposition environment, mesofauna, and their interactions on the decomposition process. Rather than the frequently used simple and double-exponential models, the best model to describe our dataset was the exponential deceleration model, which assumed a single organic compartment with an exponential decrease of the decomposition rate. Decomposition was higher in the wet than in the seasonal forest, and the differences between forest types were stronger aboveground. Regarding litter decomposition environment, decomposition was predominantly higher below than aboveground, but the magnitude of this effect was higher in the seasonal than in wet forests. Mesofauna exclusion treatments had slower decomposition, except aboveground into the Semi-deciduous Forest, where the mesofauna presence did not affect decomposition. Furthermore, the effect of mesofauna was stronger in the wet forests and belowground. Overall, our results suggest that, in a regional scale, both decomposers activity and the positive effect of soil mesofauna in decomposition are constrained by abiotic factors, such as moisture conditions.

Diversity of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) in Parque da Onca Parda, southeastern Brazil

The environment most diverse in harvestmen species is the Atlantic Forest of Sao Paulo. However, there remains a lack of studies regarding their communities in certain regions. Among these regions is one south of the Paranapiacaba mountain range in the state of Sao Paulo, the Parque da Onca Parda (POP). Through nocturnal collections and pitfall traps, the region's harvestmen community has been studied. The observed richness of this site included 27 species, with dominance of three species: Holcobunus nigripalpis Roewer, 1910, Neosadocus maximus (Giltay, 1928) and Munequita sp., accounting for 68.4% of harvestmen abundance. This makes the diversity of POP more similar to the semideciduous Atlantic Forest communities of the interior than to those of the Coastal Atlantic Forest that contains the park. Its geographic location places it within the Southern Sao Paulo State (SSP) area of endemism, along with the Parque Turistico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), with which it shares up to 12% similarity regarding harvestmen fauna. Richness and abundance of harvestmen were positively related to temperature and humidity. The period of animal activity (as measured by abundance and richness) varied throughout the night, being highest in the early hours during both studied seasons (summer and winter).

Diversity of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) in Parque da Onça Parda, southeastern Brazil

The environment most diverse in harvestmen species is the Atlantic Forest of São Paulo. However, there remains a lack of studies regarding their communities in certain regions. Among these regions is one south of the Paranapiacaba mountain range in the state of São Paulo, the Parque da Onça Parda (POP). Through nocturnal collections and pitfall traps, the region's harvestmen community has been studied. The observed richness of this site included 27 species, with dominance of three species: Holcobunus nigripalpis Roewer, 1910, Neosadocus maximus (Giltay, 1928) and Munequita sp., accounting for 68.4% of harvestmen abundance. This makes the diversity of POP more similar to the semideciduous Atlantic Forest communities of the interior than to those of the Coastal Atlantic Forest that contains the park. Its geographic location places it within the Southern São Paulo State (SSP) area of endemism, along with the Parque Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), with which it shares up to 12% similarity regarding harvestmen fauna. Richness and abundance of harvestmen were positively related to temperature and humidity. The period of animal activity (as measured by abundance and richness) varied throughout the night, being highest in the early hours during both studied seasons (summer and winter).

Miocene palaeoclimate reconstructions from the North Alpine Foreland Basin in Germany

Early- and Middle-Miocene sediments of the North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) in Southern Germany contain one of the world richest regional records of silicified wood. Here we analyze over 1,000 identifiable samples, belonging to 80 wood anatomical taxa from 61 stratigraphically well-dated localities using principally the Coexistence Approach. The samples investigated originate from fluvial sediments representing periods of intensified surface runoff in the NAFB and therefore represent and provide information pertaining to the wet end-member of the fluctuating climate system. The dry end of the climate system is represented in the profiles either by hiatuses or palaeosoils. The dataset is split into four xylofloras: (I) the Ortenburg xyloflora (Late Ottnangian; ~17.5 to 17.3 Ma) originating from a paratropical evergreen Carapoxylon (Xylocarpus) forest; (II) the Southern Franconian Alb xyloflora (Late Karpatian; 17.0 to ~16.3 Ma) originating from a subtropical semideciduous limestone forest; (III) the upper Older Series xyloflora (Early Badenian; ~16.3 to ~15.3 Ma) originating from a subtropical oak-laurel forest; and (IV) the upper Middle Series xyloflora (Middle Badenian; 14.3 to ~13.8 Ma) originating from a subtropical dry deciduous forest.