985 resultados para Semi-campo


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Para identificar as cultivares de capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), melhor adaptadas a regiao semi-arida do Nordeste, foi conduzido um experimento no periodo de 1979/1983, no Campo Experimental de Manejo da Caatinga, do Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Tropico Semi-Arido (CPATSA-EMBRAPA), localizado em Petrolina, PE. Foram avaliadas treze cultivares de capim buffel, estabelecidas vegetativamente em parcelas de 4 m x 2,5 m. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco repeticoes. Entre as cultivares de porte alto, destacou-se o Molopo com maiores produtividades (6.750 kg de materia seca/ha-ano), relacao colmo/folha e altura (106 cm). Comparativamente, a Biloela, que e atualmente a mais utilizada no CPATSA, apresentou menor altura (97 cm) e produtividade (5.455 kg de materia seca/ha-ano). Entre as cultivares de porte medio, observou-se a Gayndah com menor altura (77 cm) e a F1 Hibrido 171, com menor produtividade (3.745 kg de materia seca/ha-ano). Com relacao ao valor nutritivo, temos a Gayndah (12,43%) e o Molopo (9,51%), com maior e menor teor de proteina bruta, na materia seca, respectivamente.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa Multiinstitucional e Inter-regional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2009.

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The major aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the introduction of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the enrichment with nutrients (N and P) interact synergistically to change the structure of plankton communities, increase phytoplankton biomass and decrease water transparency of a semi-arid tropical reservoir. One field experiment was performed during five weeks in twenty enclosures (8m3) to where four treatments were randomly allocated: with tilapia addition (T), with nutrients addition (NP), with tilapia and nutrients addition (T+NP) and a control treatment with no tilapia or nutrients addition (C). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was done to test for time (t), tilapia (T) and nutrient (NP) effects and their interaction on water transparency, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, phytoplankton and zooplankton. The results show that there was no effect of nutrient addition on these variables but significant fish effects on the biomass of total zooplankton, nauplii, rotifers, cladocerans and calanoid copepods, on the biovolume of Bacillariophyta, Zygnemaphyceae and large algae (GALD ≥ 50 μm) and on Secchi depth. In addition, we found significant interaction effects between tilapia and nutrients on Secchi depth and rotifers. Overall, tilapia decreased the biomass of most zooplankton taxa and large algae (diatoms) and decreased the water transparency while nutrient enrichment increased the biomass of zooplankton (rotifers) but only in the absence of tilapia. In conclusion, the influence of fish on the reservoir plankton community and water transparency was greater than that of nutrient loading. This finding suggests that biomanipulation should be a greater priority in the restoration of eutrophic reservoirs in tropical semi-arid regions

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Dissertação de mestrado com vista à obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária.

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Dissertação de mestrado com vista à obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária.

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Este trabalho sugere uma proposta de desenvolvimento regional sustentável no semiárido nordestino brasileiro promovido por termelétricas convencionais já instaladas e operando atualmente com combustíveis não-renováveis (diesel ou óleo mineral pesada). A proposta está formatada num modelo de cadeia produtiva de oleaginosa composta por processo seqüencial de produção agrícola caracterizada com agricultura familiar, extração de óleo vegetal in natura das sementes de mamona e conversão em biodiesel e, finalmente, aplicação de misturas de óleos de origem vegetal adlcloaados aos atuais combustíveis de termelétricas para geração de eletricidade. Os resultados dessa aplicação são geradores tornando-se agentes de desenvolvimento sustentável sobre os aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais, como: estímulo da economia local; a promoção de geração de emprego e renda para a comunidade local; fixação do homem no campo; minimização de emissão de gás de efeito estufa, geração de energia limpa e renovável e etc.

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O Selo Combustível Social instituído pelo Governo Federal como Política Pública de Estado, a finalidade de concessão de créditos aos produtores de biodiesel que promovam a inclusão social e o desenvolvimento regional por meio da compra de 10% da matéria-prima para fabricação do biodiesel de pequenos produtores rurais. Nesse contexto, estão inseridos os pequenos agricultores nos Assentamentos do Município de Campo Verde – MT que comercializam parte da produção com empresas como a BIOCAMP e a BIOBRAS . Diante da realidade descrita, a presente pesquisa busca investigar em que medida o Selo Combustível Social, aplicado à política do Biodiesel em Mato Grosso, propicia a maior autonomia do pequeno produtor rural. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa social empregando técnicas de análise documental, observação direta e a realização de entrevistas estruturadas e semi- estruturadas. Observou-se que para as empresas o selo combustível social é uma maneira de participar do leilão da Petrobrás. Para o poder público, o Selo Social uma maneira de apoiar o Pequeno Produtor Rural, através de parcerias, mas é notável que o mesmo não consegue gerenciar a sua produção, gerenciado pelo Empresário. Na visão dos assentados, esse selo é “só documento”, ficando o pequeno produtor sempre com os prejuízos.

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O trabalho buscou analisar a relação desenvolvimento sustentável, território e políticas educacionais. Discutiu-se a territorialidade da escola agrotécnica de Irecê, procurando compreender sua contribuição para a promoção do desenvolvimento e da sustentabilidade do território. Analisaram-se os pressupostos estruturais que deram sustentação e direcionamento ao desenvolvimento do ensino agrotécnico no Brasil e seus reflexos às racionalidades da Política Estadual de Educação para tal modalidade no Estado da Bahia. Evidenciou-se a influência dos discursos ambientalistas global e nacional à elaboração das Diretrizes Curriculares do Ensino Agrícola no Estado da Bahia na década de 1990 e os desafios, contradições e conflitos no processo de materialização dessas orientações curriculares. Desta forma, através da abordagem territorial, verificaram-se os reflexos de tais racionalidades políticas e institucionais para o território. A análise esteve calcada na dialética materialista e histórica, cuja abordagem teve um cunho qualitativo. Ficou evidente a necessidade de: articulação mais direta entre a escola agrotécnica e as políticas de desenvolvimento territorial; repensar a relação escola-comunidade, a fim de abarcar o meio rural como elemento pedagógico; e que a territorialidade da escola agrotécnica esteve historicamente atrelada a racionalização do capital do campo, cujo espaço vivido permitiu a estruturação de algumas práticas alternativas.

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Based on Newmark-β method, a structural vibration response is predicted. Through finding the appropriate control force parameters within certain ranges to optimize the objective function, the predictive control of the structural vibration is achieved. At the same time, the numerical simulation analysis of a two-storey frame structure with magneto-rheological (MR) dampers under earthquake records is carried out, and the parameter influence on structural vibration reduction is discussed. The results demonstrate that the semi-active control based on Newmark-β predictive algorithm is better than the classical control strategy based on full-state feedback control and has remarkable advantages of structural vibration reduction and control robustness.

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An algorithm to improve the accuracy and stability of rigid-body contact force calculation is presented. The algorithm uses a combination of analytic solutions and numerical methods to solve a spring-damper differential equation typical of a contact model. The solution method employs the recently proposed patch method, which especially suits the spring-damper differential equations. The resulting semi-analytic solution reduces the stiffness of the differential equations, while performing faster than conventional alternatives.

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This paper proposes a semi-supervised intelligent visual surveillance system to exploit the information from multi-camera networks for the monitoring of people and vehicles. Modules are proposed to perform critical surveillance tasks including: the management and calibration of cameras within a multi-camera network; tracking of objects across multiple views; recognition of people utilising biometrics and in particular soft-biometrics; the monitoring of crowds; and activity recognition. Recent advances in these computer vision modules and capability gaps in surveillance technology are also highlighted.

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Vehicular traffic in urban areas may adversely affect urban water quality through the build-up of traffic generated semi and non volatile organic compounds (SVOCs and NVOCs) on road surfaces. The characterisation of the build-up processes is the key to developing mitigation measures for the removal of such pollutants from urban stormwater. An in-depth analysis of the build-up of SVOCs and NVOCs was undertaken in the Gold Coast region in Australia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multicriteria Decision tools such as PROMETHEE and GAIA were employed to understand the SVOC and NVOC build-up under combined traffic scenarios of low, moderate, and high traffic in different land uses. It was found that congestion in the commercial areas and use of lubricants and motor oils in the industrial areas were the main sources of SVOCs and NVOCs on urban roads, respectively. The contribution from residential areas to the build-up of such pollutants was hardly noticeable. It was also revealed through this investigation that the target SVOCs and NVOCs were mainly attached to particulate fractions of 75 to 300 µm whilst the redistribution of coarse fractions due to vehicle activity mainly occurred in the >300 µm size range. Lastly, under combined traffic scenario, moderate traffic with average daily traffic ranging from 2300 to 5900 and average congestion of 0.47 was found to dominate SVOC and NVOC build-up on roads.

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The functional properties of cartilaginous tissues are determined predominantly by the content, distribution, and organization of proteoglycan and collagen in the extracellular matrix. Extracellular matrix accumulates in tissue-engineered cartilage constructs by metabolism and transport of matrix molecules, processes that are modulated by physical and chemical factors. Constructs incubated under free-swelling conditions with freely permeable or highly permeable membranes exhibit symmetric surface regions of soft tissue. The variation in tissue properties with depth from the surfaces suggests the hypothesis that the transport processes mediated by the boundary conditions govern the distribution of proteoglycan in such constructs. A continuum model (DiMicco and Sah in Transport Porus Med 50:57-73, 2003) was extended to test the effects of membrane permeability and perfusion on proteoglycan accumulation in tissue-engineered cartilage. The concentrations of soluble, bound, and degraded proteoglycan were analyzed as functions of time, space, and non-dimensional parameters for several experimental configurations. The results of the model suggest that the boundary condition at the membrane surface and the rate of perfusion, described by non-dimensional parameters, are important determinants of the pattern of proteoglycan accumulation. With perfusion, the proteoglycan profile is skewed, and decreases or increases in magnitude depending on the level of flow-based stimulation. Utilization of a semi-permeable membrane with or without unidirectional flow may lead to tissues with depth-increasing proteoglycan content, resembling native articular cartilage.

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Due to the limitation of current condition monitoring technologies, the estimates of asset health states may contain some uncertainties. A maintenance strategy ignoring this uncertainty of asset health state can cause additional costs or downtime. The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) is a commonly used approach to derive optimal maintenance strategies when asset health inspections are imperfect. However, existing applications of the POMDP to maintenance decision-making largely adopt the discrete time and state assumptions. The discrete-time assumption requires the health state transitions and maintenance activities only happen at discrete epochs, which cannot model the failure time accurately and is not cost-effective. The discrete health state assumption, on the other hand, may not be elaborate enough to improve the effectiveness of maintenance. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a continuous state partially observable semi-Markov decision process (POSMDP). An algorithm that combines the Monte Carlo-based density projection method and the policy iteration is developed to solve the POSMDP. Different types of maintenance activities (i.e., inspections, replacement, and imperfect maintenance) are considered in this paper. The next maintenance action and the corresponding waiting durations are optimized jointly to minimize the long-run expected cost per unit time and availability. The result of simulation studies shows that the proposed maintenance optimization approach is more cost-effective than maintenance strategies derived by another two approximate methods, when regular inspection intervals are adopted. The simulation study also shows that the maintenance cost can be further reduced by developing maintenance strategies with state-dependent maintenance intervals using the POSMDP. In addition, during the simulation studies the proposed POSMDP shows the ability to adopt a cost-effective strategy structure when multiple types of maintenance activities are involved.