Lithium ion conducting polymer electrolytes based on alternating maleic anhydride copolymer with oligo-oxyethylene side chains

A comb polymer with oligo-oxyethylene side chains of the type -(CH2CB2O)(12)CH3 was prepared from methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether. The polymer can dissolve LiClO4 salt to form homogeneous amorphous polymer electrolyte. The ac ion conduction was measured using the complex impedance method, and conductivities were investigated as functions of temperatures and salt concentration. The complexes were first found to have two classes of glass transition which increase with increasing salt content, The optimum conductivity attained at 25 degrees C is in the order of 5.50 x 10(-6)Scm(-1). IR spectroscopy was used to study the cation-polymer interaction.

IONIC-CONDUCTION OF A NOVEL COMB POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BASED ON MALEIC-ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMER WITH OLIGO-OXYETHYLENE SIDE-CHAINS

A comb-shaped polymer (BM350) with oligo-oxyethylene side chains of the type -O(CH2CH2O)(7)CH3 was prepared from methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer. Homogeneous amorphous polymer electrolyte complexes were made from the comb polymer and LICF(3)SO(3) by solvent casting from acetone, and their conductivities were measured as a function of temperature and salt concentration. Maximum conductivity close to 5.08 X 10(-5) Scm(-1) was obtained at room temperature and at a [Li]/[EO] ratio of about 0.12. The conductivity which displayed non-Arrhenius behaviour was analyzed using the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation and interpreted on the basis of the configurational entropy model. The results of mid-IR showed that the coordination of Li+ to side chains made the C-O-C band become broader and shift slightly. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the oxygen atoms in the two situations could coordinate to Li+ and this coordination resulted in the reduction of the electron orbit binding energy of F and S.

SYNTHESIS AND X-RAY STRUCTURE OF A SEMICONDUCTING ORGANOMETALLIC SALT [FECP(TOL)](2)[NI(MNT)(2)]

The compound [FeCp(Tol)](2)[Ni(mnt)(2)] has been prepared from [FeCp(Tol)]AlCl4 and Na-2[Ni(mnt)(2)]. This new organometallic radical ionic salt has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H-1 NMR and mass spectroscopy. The X-ray structure of the compound shows there are segregated cation and anion stacks in the perpendicular directions, The molecular anions form a zig-zag stacking along the b axis, and between every two neighbouring anion planes a methyl group of the cation is inserted. This gives rise to a long spacing of 6.87 Angstrom, between the anion planes. The cations stack along the c axis, with the closest spacing of 3.457 Angstrom between the cyclopentadienyl plane and the neighbouring toluene plane, which is shorter than the sum of Van der Wall's radii. Conductivity measurements showed the compound as a semiconductor with a room temperature conductivity of 1.6 X 10(-4) Scm(-1).

聚环氧乙烷环氧丙烷-盐复合物的结构和导电性

制备了室温电导率较高(10~(-4)S·cm~(-1)),力学性能较好的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷共聚物-Li-ClO_4复合物薄膜,研究了共聚物组成对结晶及对复合物室温电导率的影响,考察了高氯酸锂浓度对复合物室温电导率的影响以及复合物电导的温度依赖关系,发现复合物中没有结晶配合物,其结晶度随聚合物结构和盐含量不同而变化,室温下呈弹性体。

三元共聚物P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiCLO_4络合物的离子电导

本文合成了聚(环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷-烯丙基缩水甘油醚,三元共聚物,P(EO-PO-AGE)。扭辨分析、DSC、X-射线衍射结果表明,三元共聚物的玻璃化转变温度较低(T_g=-74℃),无定形结构含量～98％,并确定了与LiClO_4组成为Li/O(mole)=0.25的结晶络合物存在。络合物电导行为的研究发现,络合物电导与盐浓度有关,在Li/O(mole)=0.05时具有较大值,室温下电导可达5×10~-5)scm~(-1)。

等离子体聚合膜的电学性质研究——Ⅰ.TCNQ聚合膜的结构和电学性质

本文采用内部电极、电容耦合式钟罩型射频等离子体聚合装置,首次进行了四氰代对二次甲基苯醌(TCNQ)的等离子体聚合,得到了电导率为10~(-8)～10~(-6)Scm~(-1)的聚合物半导体薄膜。由这些聚合物薄膜制备的Al/聚合膜/ITO(铟锡氧化物透明电极)夹层元件显示出整流特性和光生伏打效应。这种聚合物薄膜还具有光电导性质。红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)的研究结果表明,优良的半导体特性归因于聚合膜中存在有较大范围的π电子共轭结构。

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷共聚物的合成及其硫氰化钠复合物导电性能的研究

本文选用三乙基铝-乙酰丙酮-水三元催化剂合成了环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物,制备了室温电导率较高(5×10~(-5)Scm~(-1)),柔韧性较好的共聚物—NaSCN复合物膜。研究了共聚物组成对聚合物结晶性及对复合物电导率的影响规律,考察了硫氰化钠浓度、成膜条件对复合物室温电导率的影响以及复合物电导率的温度依赖关系,并对上述结果进行了分析讨论

二甲氧基聚乙二醇增塑的P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4聚合物膜的离子电导

本文研究了二甲氧基聚乙二醇(PEGDME)对聚合物电解质膜的影响。结果表明,PEGDME增塑的(环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷-烯丙基缩水甘油醚)三元共聚物-LiClO_4络合物具有较低的玻璃化转变温度,室温导电率≥10~(-4)Scm~(-1),热稳定性及力学性能良好,在100℃下无相分离,室温下在干燥器中放置一年无蠕变。

环氧乙烷-烯丙基缩水甘油醚共聚物LiClO_4聚合物电解质的制备及性能

自Wright和Armand报道了有关聚醚-碱金属盐络合物的电导及其应用以来,高分子固体电解质已成为近几年来迅速发展起来的一种新型功能材料。由于它具有较高的离子电导率、可塑性强、电化学稳定性等优点,使它在全固态高能密锂电池及电化学元件的应用上显示出了很大的优越性,但线型PEO的高结晶度(>75％)导致PEO-碱金属盐络合物的室温电导率很低(～10~(-8)S·cm~(-1)),限制了它的使用范围。因此,对PEO进行各种改性,以提高电

高分子固体电解质研究的进展

高分子固体电解质是近年来开发的可用于全固态电池等方面的新型材料,它具有优良的成膜性和粘弹性等一般无机固体电解质所不具备的特点。但由于室温电导率很低,应用受到限制。为了改进这一点,已进行了许多研究,并取得了不少进展。目前改性聚氧乙烯(PEO)的室温电导率可达10~(-4)S·cm~(-1)。本文主要讨论提高高分子固体电解质性能的途径,其中大部分是关于PEO的化学和物理改性,例如共聚、共混和交联等,同时也介绍了非聚醚、非氧型及自电离聚合物,并对今后的发展前景作了简要探讨,

面向供应链系统的RFID信息服务关键技术研究

众所周知，供应链管理(Supply Chain Management, SCM)是一个极其复杂的系统，自从上个世纪70年代以来，经济全球化的趋势以及信息技术的快速发展，给本来已经极其热门的供应链管理领域又提供了无穷的发展空间。这个领域里面不断出现新的挑战，其中的种种难题几乎都跟供应链系统的复杂性和不确定性特征息息相关。 无线射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification，RFID）技术是通过无线射频方式进行非接触双向通信的自动化识别与数据获取技术，在多目标识别、移动目标识别和单品识别等应用领域具有极大的优势，广泛应用于国防、制造、医疗、零售、物流等诸多领域，被誉为21世纪最热门的技术之一。近年来RFID技术受到工业界和学术界高度关注，理论研究和实践应用得到了突飞猛进的发展。随着无线射频识别技术的迅速发展和价格的迅速低廉，企业已经越来越多地把信息技术应用于供应链的管理之中，信息技术已成为企业实施供应链管理的不可或缺的手段，它们可以使企业的供应链管理更为有效以及高效。但是在将RFID技术应用到供应链信息管理的过程之中，遇到了许多阻力和困难。在RFID信息网络的构建、网络中海量资源调用、以及跟踪应用等诸多方面都存在还不能解决的问题。 本文在深入研究无线射频识别技术的基础上，结合供应链信息系统的发展现状以及所面临的诸多迫切需要解决的问题，提出了面向供应链服务的RFID信息网络，并设计了RFID网格模型，对RFID网络中的资源优化问题，以及目标跟踪问题进行了专门的研究，提出了行之有效的算法。主要的研究内容包括以下几个方面： 首先，构建了基于RFID系统的供应链信息管理系统的架构，并针对供应链信息系统中存在的种种问题，提出构建面向供应链服务的RFID网络。在详细介绍了当前国内外RFID网络研究与发展的基础上，设计了基于RFID网络的供应链应用体系，并给出了这一RFID网络的基本架构。 其次，根据网格计算理论提出了RFID无线网格体系，分别对RFID无线网格分层组织和系统构建组成进行了详细的描述。设计了RFID网格的供应链应用场景，将RFID网格基础设施安装在制造商分销中心、零售商仓库和零售商商店，通过运行在每个基础实施构件提供RFID数据捕获、数据处理和集成，并对RFID无线网格体系进行了建模以及分析。 再次，针对供应链系统的RFID信息服务瞬时产生海量的RFID信息，资源调度优化存在难点，提出利用粒子群算法，解决这一问题。该算法在求解该类问题时的优点包括：收敛速度快、容易克服早熟、能够优化多目标、能够柔性控制和容易分布式运算等。我们设计了RFID资源任务调度模型，利用经过改进的粒子群算法BPSO对这一模型的进行了求解，并将这一算法与传统的遗传算法的求解进行了仿真比较，可见该算法较遗传算法有较大优势。 最后，在面向供应链系统的RFID信息服务中，跟踪领域具有广泛的应用前景，同时在对环境敏感的对象跟踪领域中联合无线传感器网络也是RFID跟踪应用的一大趋势。针对网络跟踪研究，总结了RFID与无线传感器网络相结合的三种模式，提出以Adhoc的方式将RFID读写器组成一个面向供应链服务的无线跟踪网络，并给出一基于RFID无线网络的跟踪算法，以解决供应链系统中物品的追踪问题。

基于状态构形矢量和状态构形矩阵的可重构模块星球机器人构形水

可重构模块星球机器人系统由母体和多个子机器人模块组成,单个模块可以独立运动和操作,多个模块可以重构组合成不同构形,模块采用非对称式轮手一体机构,具有姿态方位性和运动方向性,重构目的是组成在某种环境下更好地完成有向性运动的构形。基于此,提出矢量构形概念,将运动趋势方向和方位性融合到构形拓扑结构中。在模块矢量分析模型基础上,提出并构建状态构形矢量(State configuration vector,SCV)和状态构形矩阵(State configuration matrix,SCM),对非对称式单模块和整体构形的状态信息进行描述,同时支持预定义的数学变换操作,可以表达并触发模块的基础动作、构形重构。提出离散模块组合重构成目标构形的优化分析算法,通过实例仿真计算获得优化分析的选择结果。

Nations' income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype content: How societies mind the gap

Income inequality undermines societies: The more inequality, the more health problems, social tensions, and the lower social mobility, trust, life expectancy. Given people's tendency to legitimate existing social arrangements, the stereotype content model (SCM) argues that ambivalence-perceiving many groups as either warm or competent, but not both-may help maintain socio-economic disparities. The association between stereotype ambivalence and income inequality in 37 cross-national samples from Europe, the Americas, Oceania, Asia, and Africa investigates how groups' overall warmth-competence, status-competence, and competition-warmth correlations vary across societies, and whether these variations associate with income inequality (Gini index). More unequal societies report more ambivalent stereotypes, whereas more equal ones dislike competitive groups and do not necessarily respect them as competent. Unequal societies may need ambivalence for system stability: Income inequality compensates groups with partially positive social images. © 2012 The British Psychological Society.

Ecology of a North Sea pockmark with an active methane seep

ABSTRACT: At a large North Sea pockmark, with active methane seeps, surface sediments were found to have higher insoluble sulphide concentrations than sedlments from the surrounding area. The fauna of the pockmark was characterized by 2 species which have not pi-evlously been reported from the Fladen Ground in the northern North Sea. These species were a b~valve, Thyasira sarsi (which is known to contain endosymbiotic sulphur-oxidising bacteria) and a mouthless and gutless nematode, Astomonerna sp., which also contains endosymbiotic bacteria The nematode was the dominant meiofauna species in the pockmark sediments. Both macro-lnfauna and total nematodes were in low abundance in samples taken from the base of the pockmark. Sediment samples from the pockmark contained numerous otoliths, implying that substantial winnowing of the sediment had taken place. This was supported by studies on the sulphide concentrations in the sediment which showed multiple layering of the sediments on the sides of the pockmark, suggesting displacement. The carbon isotope compositions (6I3c) of the tissues of benthic animals from in and around the pockmark were generally in the range -16 to -2O%, indicating that little methane-derived carbon was contributing to their nutrition. T sarsi had the most 13c-depleted tissues, -31.4 to -35.1 L, confirming the nutritional dependence of this species on chemoautotrophic bacteria that utilize reduced sulphur.

Studies On Benzo[A]Pyrene Mono-Oxygenase In The Shore Crab Carcinus-Maenas

A cytochrome P-450-dependent benzo[a]pyrene mono-oxygenase enzyme system (BPM) has been identified and partially characterized in males of the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.). Apparent Km values obtained at 30 °C using microsomal preparations from the antennary glands of animals collected during summer were in the range 1.61–2.11 µM. The cytochrome P-450 content was 0·022 nmol/mg microsomal protein when BPM activity in the same preparation was 0·085 nmol/mg protein/min.