链式可变形模块化机器人控制系统研究

随着机器人技术的不断发展，机器人的能力不断提高，其应用的领域和范围正在不断扩展。各式各样的机器人正逐步走入各行各业和社会的各个领域，并在其中发挥着越来越重要的作用，特别是在科学考察、军事侦察、灾难救援等对人类来讲极度危险的领域。它所具有的优势越来越受到世界各国普遍关注和重视，日益成为各国的战略必争装备和竞争核心技术。 应用于危险环境的机器人在作业时往往面对极为复杂的非结构环境。传统的机器人受其自身的机械结构限制，一般不能够适应这种多变的地形。具有改变自身构形能力的机器人的出现，解决了这一问题。国外自80年代开始研究可重构机器人。可重构机器人一般是由多个模块组成，通过模块的数量以及相对位置的变化，使机器人形成新的构形。由于这种机器人在变形时要消耗大量的时间，同时需要计算能力较强的控制单元，因此很难应用于实际作业。 本文叙述了灾难救援机器人的研究和发展现状，并提出了一种新颖的用于灾难救援和军事侦察的可变形机器人。该机器人由三模块组成，通过模块间的关节运动改变自身构形。三模块可变形机器人采用了基于CAN总线的集中式控制系统。本文在论述了机器人控制系统的硬件平台构建后，给出了基于此硬件平台的软件实现。 本文在对三模块可变形机器人的变形机理进行分析和计算的基础上，提出了“协同变形法”改善了机器人的变形过程，使其更为合理。通过协同变形实验验证了改进后变形方法的合理性和优越性；通过转弯实验验证了可变形机器人的机动性能；通过整体变形实验和通过性实验验证了控制系统的可行性以及机器人极强的通过能力。变形机器人基于该控制系统能够完成前进、后退、转向以及变形等运动，运动平滑，系统响应迅速。最后，本文对可变形机器人的发展和后继研究工作进行了展望。

基于网络的家庭服务机器人控制系统的研究

随着社会的进步和发展，人们不断追求舒适和安逸的生活，不愿意从事一些枯燥甚至不安全的工作，因此，能够代替人类完成简单工作并可以与人进行沟通的家庭服务机器人越来越受到人们的青睐，有着非常好的应用前景。 家庭服务机器人服务的对象是普通人群，不仅需要为用户提供一种友好、自然的人机交互手段，更为重要的是需要为不同位置、不同环境的人们提供所需求的服务。因此，本文研究的重点在于通过网络和机器人技术开发能够满足人们目前生活要求的基于网络的机器人控制系统。 本文以新松机器人股份有限公司的“家庭服务机器人项目”为背景，在对传统的机器人网络控制技术分析的基础上，主要从控制和视频两大部分展开研究。在控制部分，如何既能实现机器人的网络控制又能实现本地控制是本部分的主要研究内容。为此，本文采用模块化设计思想，分别对客户端模块、服务器端模块、机器人控制端模块进行了详细分析与设计，并且采用JNI（Java Native Interface）技术解决了不同语言的接口问题。针对如何实现代码的复用性以及扩展性问题上，本文提出了一种Applet-Servlet-Win32DLL-MFCDLL（Dynamic Link Library）模式的新型控制架构，实现了机器人的网络控制和本地控制。在视频部分，如何实现视频图像的实时传输是视频方面研究的重点。本文采用JMF（Java Media Frame）技术及RTP（Real Transport Protocol）/RTCP（Real Transport Control Protocol）协议，分别从视频发送模块、视频接收与播放模块进行了设计，达到了很好的实时效果。并且采用双缓冲、多线程技术解决了视频传输过程存在的闪烁、抖动等问题，通过实验验证了该方法的有效性。 最后，本文对机器人网络控制系统进行了实验验证，运行效果良好，并且在对本课题研究的基础上，对网络时延进行了分析及实验测试，简要分析了解决方案。

点焊机器人系统通信接口分析与设计

本文叙述了点焊机器人控制系统与焊接控制系统之间的通讯信号的约定关系，叙述了系统的工作时序．并提出了一种通信接口线路

一个开放式移动机器人体系结构

本文首先说明了体系结构研究的内容，研究体系结构的意义，以及当前几个典型的体系结构研究范例。然后较详细地介绍了开放式体系结构ＯＳＭＯＲ及其在传感器处理方面的特点，并分别讨论了结构中各模块的功能及实现方法。

海洋机器人变参数大时延控制系统补偿方法的研究

本文提出一种变参数大时延系统的补偿方法，具有传输滞后系统的幅相频率特性和时域特性，流体动力学变参数的修正方法和具有传输滞后和零阶保持器滞后的补偿仿真。

一个先进的工业机器人计算机控制系统——ARCS

随着工业机器人及其应用的不断发展,要求一个强有力的计算机系统来控制它的工作,并具有灵活、方便的机器人编程语言.本文系统地介绍了我们自行设计并实现的一个先进的机器人控制系统——ARCS.该系统主要包括两部分:(1)一个实时多任务的机器人控制软件SVAL系统,该系统支持一种通用性较强的机器人编程语言——SVAL语言.(2)一个支持该软件系统工作的、具有开放式结构的硬件环境.ARCS系统具有良好的实时性、可扩展性及基于外部传感器信号进行控制的能力.由于该系统的开放式结构.使其根据不同要求可方便地增删其功能,并可控制不同类型的机器人.我们已成功地实现对PUMA760机器人的控制,并在其上引入了力觉与接近觉的传感器,采样时间可缩短到16ms.一年多的运行结果证明,该系统稳定可靠,性能良好,现在正向产品转化.

机器人及机器人学中的控制问题

机器人已成为进一步实现制造业、非制造业、军事活动以至家庭服务自动化的重要工具.机器人学则是更综合地研究如何使机器或系统具有“思想、感知或动作功能的一门交叉性新学科”.机器人的发展是波浪式的,经历了多次的曲折.目前工业机器人中除装配机器人外,其他点焊、弧焊、喷漆及搬运机器人,由于应用范围限制,以及工业生产装备更新速度和投资规模的影响,市场日趋饱和.以美国为例.制造商订单1984年达到高峰6046台.至1986年下降至5713台,不过对机器人未来市场大都持乐观态度.但进一步开拓市场.有待于推出适用于各种环境作业的各式各样的机器人.日本东京大学教授认为机器人当前处于又一次高潮的前夜(Nightmare),正是需要大力加强研究开发的时期.我国正在着手建立工业机器人产业,这一情况值得我们注意.本文着重从研究角度来介绍当前机器人及机器人学中的控制问题的现状及主要问题.

角速率陀螺在海洋机器人“海人1号”航向控制中的应用

本文给出“海人1号”航向控制的流体动力学模型、航向控制系统结构,海上实验记录以及角速率陀螺作用原理和分析。这将对从事海洋机器人控制系统的设计研究,有一定的考参值价。

Dynamically Stable Legged Locomotion (September 1985-Septembers1989)

This report documents our work in exploring active balance for dynamic legged systems for the period from September 1985 through September 1989. The purpose of this research is to build a foundation of knowledge that can lead both to the construction of useful legged vehicles and to a better understanding of animal locomotion. In this report we focus on the control of biped locomotion, the use of terrain footholds, running at high speed, biped gymnastics, symmetry in running, and the mechanical design of articulated legs.

Hardware development of the Yorick series of active vision systems

This paper presents a review of the design and development of the Yorick series of active stereo camera platforms and their integration into real-time closed loop active vision systems, whose applications span surveillance, navigation of autonomously guided vehicles (AGVs), and inspection tasks for teleoperation, including immersive visual telepresence. The mechatronic approach adopted for the design of the first system, including head/eye platform, local controller, vision engine, gaze controller and system integration, proved to be very successful. The design team comprised researchers with experience in parallel computing, robot control, mechanical design and machine vision. The success of the project has generated sufficient interest to sanction a number of revisions of the original head design, including the design of a lightweight compact head for use on a robot arm, and the further development of a robot head to look specifically at increasing visual resolution for visual telepresence. The controller and vision processing engines have also been upgraded, to include the control of robot heads on mobile platforms and control of vergence through tracking of an operator's eye movement. This paper details the hardware development of the different active vision/telepresence systems.

Multi-agent model for robotic assembly system

In this paper, a multi-agent based model for a robotic assembly system is presented. Firstly, an organization model is used to construct the multi-agent model. Secondly, a dynamic self-organizing method is then put forward for the multi-agent robotic system to bid and contract the operations. Thirdly, a real multi-agent robotic system is built and assembly experiments are carried out. Finally, the experimental results confirm that the present multi-agent robotic system has flexibility, adaptation and stability.

Extending an industrial root controller : implementation and applications of a fast open sensor interface

An overview is given of the design and implementation of a platform for fast external sensor integration in an industrial robot system called ABB S4CPlus. As an application and motivating example, the implementation of force-controlled grinding and deburring within the AUTOFETT-project is discussed. Experiences from industrial usage of the fully developed prototype confirms the appropriateness of the design choices, thus also confirming the fact that control and software need to be tightly integrated. The new sensor can be used for the prototyping and development of a wide variety of new applications

Controle em tempo real de robôs através de redes IP

Com o intuito de utilizar uma rede com protocolo IP para a implementação de malhas fechadas de controle, este trabalho propõe-se a realizar um estudo da operação de um sistema de controle dinâmico distribuído, comparando-o com a operação de um sistema de controle local convencional. Em geral, a decisão de projetar uma arquitetura de controle distribuído é feita baseada na simplicidade, na redução dos custos e confiabilidade; portanto, um diferencial bastante importante é a utilização da rede IP. O objetivo de uma rede de controle não é transmitir dados digitais, mas dados analógicos amostrados. Assim, métricas usuais em redes de computadores, como quantidade de dados e taxa de transferências, tornam-se secundárias em uma rede de controle. São propostas técnicas para tratar os pacotes que sofrem atrasos e recuperar o desempenho do sistema de controle através da rede IP. A chave para este método é realizar a estimação do conteúdo dos pacotes que sofrem atrasos com base no modelo dinâmico do sistema, mantendo o sistema com um nível adequado de desempenho. O sistema considerado é o controle de um manipulador antropomórfico com dois braços e uma cabeça de visão estéreo totalizando 18 juntas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que se pode recuperar boa parte do desempenho do sistema.

TAO - A software platform for autonomous mobile robots

To date, different techniques of navigation for mobile robots have been developed. However, the experimentation of these techniques is not a trivial task because usually it is not possible to reuse the developed control software due to system incompabilities. This paper proposes a software platform that provides means for creating reusable software modules through the standardization of software interfaces, which represent the various robot modules. © 2012 ICROS.

Manipulação remota de um braço mecânico (Scorbot ER - III) utilizando a rede mundial de computadores

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)