MA311exam 1999

Exam questions and solutions in LaTex

MA311exam 1999 pdf

Exam questions and solutions in PDF

MA311exam 1998 pdf

Exam questions and solutions in PDF

MA311exam 2000

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Stability of numerical schemes on staggered grids

This paper considers the stability of explicit, implicit and Crank-Nicolson schemes for the one-dimensional heat equation on a staggered grid. Furthemore, we consider the cases when both explicit and implicit approximations of the boundary conditions arc employed. Why we choose to do this is clearly motivated and arises front solving fluid flow equations with free surfaces when the Reynolds number can be very small. in at least parts of the spatial domain. A comprehensive stability analysis is supplied: a novel result is the precise stability restriction on the Crank-Nicolson method when the boundary conditions are approximated explicitly, that is, at t =n delta t rather than t = (n + 1)delta t. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were then solved by a marker and cell approach for two simple problems that had analytic solutions. It was found that the stability results provided in this paper were qualitatively very similar. thereby providing insight as to why a Crank-Nicolson approximation of the momentum equations is only conditionally, stable. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Lie algebra methods for the applications to the statistical theory of turbulence

Approximate Lie symmetries of the Navier-Stokes equations are used for the applications to scaling phenomenon arising in turbulence. In particular, we show that the Lie symmetries of the Euler equations are inherited by the Navier-Stokes equations in the form of approximate symmetries that allows to involve the Reynolds number dependence into scaling laws. Moreover, the optimal systems of all finite-dimensional Lie subalgebras of the approximate symmetry transformations of the Navier-Stokes are constructed. We show how the scaling groups obtained can be used to introduce the Reynolds number dependence into scaling laws explicitly for stationary parallel turbulent shear flows. This is demonstrated in the framework of a new approach to derive scaling laws based on symmetry analysis [11]-[13].

Aproximações de Galerkin clássico e Galerkin/mínimos quadrados de escoamentos viscosos incompressíveis : aplicação à medição de fluxos

Desde a antigüidade a medição do escoamento dos fluidos tem sido uma marca de nossa civilização, ajudando a predizer a fertilidade das terras e o consumo d’água em fontes e aquedutos. Nos nossos dias, a área de medição de fluxo está bem estabelecida e ainda desperta grande interesse nas linhas de pesquisa da mecânica dos fluidos experimental e computacional. Em particular, o estudo da medição de fluxo com elementos intrusivos, tais como placas de orifício, é de grande interesse dado o preço baixo do medidor, e sua boa precisão quando comparada à sua simplicidade de instalação e manutenção. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo da aplicação de elementos finitos aos escoamentos de fluidos viscosos - via aproximação clássica de Galerkin e Galerkin/mínimos-quadrados (GLS) – com particular ênfase na aproximação das equações de Navier-Stokes incompressível no escoamento newtoniano através de um canal obstruído por uma placa de orifício. Inicialmente, são apresentadas as dificuldades do método de Galerkin clássico na aproximação de escoamentos incompressíveis; ou seja, através da simulação de escoamentos viscosos bem conhecidos - como o escoamento no interior de uma cavidade e através de uma expansão súbita - fica evidenciada a restrição imposta pela condição de Babuška-Brezzi quando da escolha dos subespaços aproximantes do campo de velocidade e pressão Como alternativa às patologias do método de Galerkin clássico, esta dissertação emprega a metodologia de Galerkin/mínimos-quadrados na simulação acima mencionada da placa de orifício, a qual permite o uso de elementos de igual-ordem para aproximar velocidade e pressão e capturar de maneira estável escoamentos sujeitos a altos números de Reynolds. Os testes computacionais realizados se apresentaram fisicamente realistas quando comparados com a literatura e dados experimentais, sendo todos desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Mecânica dos Fluidos Aplicada e Computacional (LAMAC) do Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

Um estudo da otimização da geometria de um pára-quedas simplificado

Neste trabalho desenvolve-se um estudo numérico do fluxo de ar em torno da geometria de um pára-quedas tradicional simplificado, para alguns valores de Reynolds. O método baseia-se na solução das equações incompressíveis de Navier- Stokes discretizadas pelo método de diferenças finitas e integradas pelo método de Runge-Kutta. Utiliza-se o método dos contornos virtuais para representar a geometria numa malha cartesiana e o método de otimização não-linear dos poliedros flexíveis para otimização do coeficiente de arraste calculado através do código de dinâmica de fluidos computacional; esteé um método de busca multivariável, onde o pior vértice de um poliedro com n + 1 vérticesé substituído por um novo.

A combination of implicit and adaptative upwind tools for the numerical solution of incompressible free surface flows

This paper is concerned with the numerical solutions of time dependent two-dimensional incompressible flows. By using the primitive variables of velocity and pressure, the Navier-Stokes and mass conservation equations are solved by a semi-implicit finite difference projection method. A new bounded higher order upwind convection scheme is employed to deal with the non-linear (advective) terms. The procedure is an adaptation of the GENSMAC (J. Comput. Phys. 1994; 110: 171-186) methodology for calculating confined and free surface fluid flows at both low and high Reynolds numbers. The calculations were performed by using the 2D version of the Freeflow simulation system (J. Comp. Visual. Science 2000; 2:199-210). In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the numerical method, various test cases are presented. These are the fully developed flow in a channel, the flow over a backward facing step, the die-swell problem, the broken dam flow, and an impinging jet onto a flat plate. The numerical results compare favourably with the experimental data and the analytical solutions. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Some experiments with high order compact methods using a computer algebra software - Part I

We consider a procedure for obtaining a compact fourth order method to the steady 2D Navier-Stokes equations in the streamfunction formulation using the computer algebra system Maple. The resulting code is short and from it we obtain the Fortran program for the method. To test the procedure we have solved many cavity-type problems which include one with an analytical solution and the results are compared with results obtained by second order central differences to moderate Reynolds numbers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of MHD duct flow by the penalty function formulation

A numerical scheme based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is presented to calculate the full solution of a three-dimensional steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow with moderately high Hartmann numbers and interaction parameters. An incompressible, viscous and electrically conducting liquid-metal is considered. Assuming a low magnetic Reynolds number, the solution method solves the coupled Navier-Stokes and Maxwell's equations through the use of a penalty function method. Results are presented for Hartmann numbers in the range 10(2)-10(3).

Simulations of incompressible fluid flows by a least squares finite element method

In this work simulations of incompressible fluid flows have been done by a Least Squares Finite Element Method (LSFEM) using velocity-pressure-vorticity and velocity-pressure-stress formulations, named u-p-ω) and u-p-τ formulations respectively. These formulations are preferred because the resulting equations are partial differential equations of first order, which is convenient for implementation by LSFEM. The main purposes of this work are the numerical computation of laminar, transitional and turbulent fluid flows through the application of large eddy simulation (LES) methodology using the LSFEM. The Navier-Stokes equations in u-p-ω and u-p-τ formulations are filtered and the eddy viscosity model of Smagorinsky is used for modeling the sub-grid-scale stresses. Some benchmark problems are solved for validate the numerical code and the preliminary results are presented and compared with available results from the literature. Copyright © 2005 by ABCM.

Simulação numérica do escoamento de jatos impingentes axissimétricos confinados

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Simulação numérica de escoamentos incompressíveis pelo método de elementos finitos com esquema de Separação Baseado na Característica (CBS)

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Abordagem matemática de roll waves em escoamentos hiperconcentrados com superfície livre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)