A Preliminary Habitat Suitability Analysis for the Restoration of South China Tigers in the Hupingshan Reserve, China

The South China tiger, Panthera tigris amoyensis, once roamed the greater part of southern China. However, expanding human populations and other anthropogenic effects have resulted in the extinction of the wild population. The Chinese government has expressed interest in a reintroduction program for this species of tigers. Recent studies suggest that the Hupingshan preserve is potentially a good candidate for a tiger reintroduction program. Hupingshan is located on the border of the Hunan and Hubei provinces in Southern China. This study was a preliminary habitat suitability analysis, for the restoration of South China tigers in the Hupingshan reserve, China. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to develop a model that combined roads, railroads, slope, land cover, park classification, and population density. The tiger habitat suitability analysis was performed by weighting and combining the various layers. Preliminary results suggest that the Hupingshan reserve is suitable habitat for the reintroduction of South China tigers.

Growth, lipogenesis and body composition of piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) fingerlings fed different dietary protein and lipid concentrations

Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) is a Brazilian migratory fast-growing omnivore, very appreciated as a sport fish, which is threatened to extinction in Southern Brazil due to stock over exploitation and dam building. Therefore, efforts have been made to raise this fish in captivity for reintroduction and aquaculture purposes. In the present study, the effects of different dietary protein and lipid concentrations on piracanjuba fingerlings growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and activity of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthetase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) were investigated using a 2 x 3 factorial experiment. Six casein-gelatin based diets were prepared combining two protein (30% and 32%) and three lipid concentrations (5.5%, 8.8% and 12.1%). Eleven fish, average weight 11.30 +/- 0.1 g, were held in each of 18 100-1 aquaria, supplied with recirculating freshwater. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish and fed to apparent satiation, twice a day for 100 d. Piracanjuba fingerlings' daily weight gain (0.36-0.40 g), specific growth rate (1.43-1.51%), feed utilization and HSI were not influenced by dietary protein or lipid concentration. However, body composition was directly affected by dietary treatment. An increase in body fat and dry matter was observed as dietary lipid increased, for both dietary protein concentrations tested. The activity of FAS was depressed by increasing dietary fat levels but the G6PD activity did not differ among dietary treatments, although ME activity showed some regulation by dietary protein. These results indicate that an increase from 5.5% to 12.1% in the dietary lipid, at a dietary protein concentration of 30% or 32%, promotes body fat accumulation in piracanjuba fingerlings with no improvement in growth, suggesting that the lipid requirement for this species should be 5% or less, when raised for commercial purposes. However, the additional energy reserve from body fat accumulation could be desirable for piracanjuba fingerlings produced for stock enhancement. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS and Ifremer/IRD/Inra/Cemagref. All rights reserved.

Reintrodução na natureza do tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)após osteossíntese de rádio e ulna

A female, adult, 27 kg Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) was directed to the veterinary hospital by the Center ofSelection of Wild Animals (Cetas) of the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama), afterit was found on a highway. After clinical and radiologic examination, radius and ulna fractures of the left thoracic memberwere observed. Taking in consideration to the physical status of the animal, its size, the type of fracture and resources availablein the hospital veterinary, internal fixation with Intramedullary Pinning (on the Radius and Ulna) was the treatment methodchosen. About 35 days after the surgery the animal was walking without difficulties and by x-ray it was possible to observeformation of callus. The presence of decurrent bony deformities due to the type of fixation was not found. As the animal presentedno more difficulties in walking, we opted for its reintroduction to its original environment. The aim of the present casestudy is sharing the results of the Intramedullary Pinning implantation technique, widely used in dogs and cats, now used in a Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla).

Modelling post-release survival of reintroduced Red-billed Curassows Crax blumenbachii

Modelling post-release survival probabilities of reintroduced birds can help inform 'soft-release' strategies for avian reintroductions that use captive-bred individuals. We used post-release radiotelemetry data to estimate the survival probabilities of reintroduced captive-bred Red-billed Curassow Crax blumenbachii, a globally threatened Cracid endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Between August 2006 and December 2008, 46 radiotagged Curassows from the Crax Brazil breeding centre were reintroduced to the Guapiacu Ecological Reserve (REGUA), Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, in seven different cohorts. Reintroduced birds were most vulnerable during the first 12 months post-release from natural predation, domestic dogs and hunting. Annual post-release survival probability was high (75%) compared with published estimates for other Galliform species. However, when considering survival in all birds transported to REGUA (some birds died before release or were retained in captivity) and not only post-release survival, phi in this study was closer to estimates for other species (60%). The duration of the pre-release acclimatization period within the soft-release enclosure and the size of the released cohorts both positively influenced post-release survival of reintroduced Curassows. Our results are relevant to future Cracid reintroductions and highlight the importance of utilizing post-release monitoring data for evidence-based improvements to soft-release strategies that can significantly enhance the post-release survival of captive-bred birds.

Conservation genetics of the endangered Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus)

The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus L. 1758) is the most endangered neotropical cervid, and in the past occupied a wide range of open habitats including grassland, pampas, savanna, and cerrado (Brazil) from 5 degrees to 41 degrees S. To better understand the effect of habitat fragmentation on gene flow and genetic variation, and to uncover genetic units for conservation, we examined DNA sequences from the mitochondrial control region of 54 individuals from six localities distributed throughout the present geographical range of the Pampas deer. Our results suggest that the control region of the Pampas deer is one of the most polymorphic of any mammal. This remarkably high variability probably reflects large historic population sizes of millions of individuals in contrast to numbers of fewer than 80 000 today. Gene flow between populations is generally close to one migrant per generation and, with the exception of two populations from Argentina, all populations are significantly differentiated. The degree of gene flow was correlated with geographical distance between populations, a result consistent with limited dispersal being the primary determinant of genetic differentiation between populations. The molecular genetic results provide a mandate for habitat restoration and reintroduction of Pampas deer so that levels of genetic variation can be preserved and historic patterns of abundance can be reconstructed. However, the source of individuals for reintroduction generally should be from populations geographically closest to those now in danger of extinction.

Selection of radio transmitter and attachment method for post-release monitoring of captive-bred reintroduced Red-billed Curassow Crax blumenbachii, Brazil

Long-term monitoring of reintroduced individuals is a central component of many endangered species reintroduction programs. Radio-telemetry techniques are rarely used to monitor reintroduced captive-bred Cracids and few data exist regarding possible adverse effects of radio-tagging Cracids. In this study, we identify an appropriate radio transmitter design and develop a suitable attachment method that minimizes anthropogenic influence and enables long-term, post-release monitoring (2-3 years) of reintroduced captive-bred Red-billed Curassows in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. We also review studies about the effects of different VHF radio transmitter models on survival, reproduction, behavior, and physiology of Galliformes.

Standardization of bioassays for monitoring resistance to insecticides in Aedes aegypti

Since the reintroduction of Aedes aegypti in Brazil in the 1980s, insecticide use for its control is routine. The chemical control efficacy is threatened by vectors developing resistance to insecticides. The World Health Organization, recognizing the impact of insecticide resistance in vector control programmes, proposed standardizing bioassays for detecting and monitoring resistance using a diagnostic dose method. As Brazil has a national programme for monitoring the resistance of Ae. aegypti populations to insecticides, this study was designed to compare diagnostic bioassays at WHO suggested concentrations and those estimated for local conditions. Populations were resistant to both temephos doses. But important differences were seen for fenitrothion and malathion, which could lead to under- or over-estimation of resistance respectively. These results and inclusion of a diagnostic dose bioassay standard for larvae are discussed.

Detecção de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. em microbiota intestinal de Psittaciformes em fase de reabilitação para soltura

Escherichia coli is a bacteria of the Enterobacteriacea family and it is part of the enterical microflora of mammals and of many species of birds. Salmonella spp. also belongs to the family Enterobacteriacea, it is responsible for human feed toxinfection outbreaks and usually isolated from domestic and wild birds. The present study analyzed the frequency of both agents in Psittaciformes in rehabilitation process for wildlife reintroduction. In 89 birds analyzed, 19% were infected with E. coli and 1,12% with Salmonella spp. It was carried out an analysis of the profile of antibiotic resistance in which was observed the efficiency of estreptomicin, tetraciclin, trimetoprim and gentamicin over the samples. The samples of E. coli were submitted to the Congo Red Binding test and to the Hemolisis test and 70,6% of positive samples for the first test and 53% for the second one were observed.

Desenvolvimento de sistemas nanoestruturados estabilizados com álcool cetilico etoxilado e propoxilado contendo fluconazol potencialmente ativo contra esporotricose

Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR

Genética da reintrodução: o caso do cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus) na Estação Ecológica de Jataí

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resíduos sólidos: do conhecimento científico ao saber curricular - a releitura do tema em livros didáticos de Geografia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Formação de professores no contexto da (re)introdução da Língua portuguesa em Timor-Leste: da polêmica às ações táticas

A presente pesquisa investiga como os sujeitos envolvidos no processo de aprendizagem de Português no curso de formação de professores do Bacharelato emergencial em Ciências Naturais, ofertado em Timor-Leste pela cooperação brasileira no período entre outubro/2009 e dezembro/2010, “traduzem / interpretam” o discurso de (re)introdução da língua portuguesa nesse país. A pesquisa baseia-se em dados produzidos ou reconstituídos a partir de minha experiência como professora do curso de formação de professores em língua portuguesa, através do “Programa de Qualificação e ensino da Língua Portuguesa em Timor-Leste (PQLP)”, coordenado pela Fundação CAPES. Para proceder à discussão, tomo como ferramentas teórico-metodológicas conceitos de Maingueneau (2008), especialmente os de “interincompreensão” e “simulacro”, como também os conceitos de “estratégia” e “tática” de Michel de Certeau (2012), que compõem seu modelo polemológico das apropriações culturais. As análises apontam que a maneira como cursistas e formador se apropriam do discurso da política de (re)introdução da língua portuguesa em Timor é determinada por formações discursivas diferentes, e que a relação interdiscursiva estabelecida entre elas desencadeia o fenômeno da “interincompreensão”. Compreender como essas formações discursivas se traduzem mutuamente na sala de aula, dentro das atividades que a princípio se destinariam ao ensino e a aprendizagem do português, contribui para que se possa (re)definir as intervenções didáticas das aulas de Português na formação de professores, assim como a política de (re)introdução do português em Timor-Leste. Defendemos que o ensinoaprendizagem do português, no contexto de Timor-Leste, precisa ser compreendido não apenas do ponto de vista didático, no que diz respeito à construção e mediação de saberes entre alunos e professores, como também do ponto de vista ideológico, uma vez que nesse país as propostas de formação atuais representam um projeto que pode conflitar com valores e crenças existentes na sociedade a respeito do idioma português e da relação entre a escola e outras instituições.

Prevenção da repetição de reação tipo 2 da hanseníase com uso da talidomida na dose de 100mg/dia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Reintrodução de mutuns-do sudeste Cra blumenbachii (Cracidade) na mata atlântica da Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, Brasil)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

A China e a Globalização: aspectos de uma estratégia nacional

The restructuring of the state productive sector of the central government of China is a phenomenon that has occurred since 1978, and is not yet complete. In a centrally planned economy, China's government introduced a series of economic and social transformations in order to modernize the country's economic structure. The flagship of these reforms was the reintroduction of a market economy, living side by side with a strong state control over key economic variables of the country. In this process, there was a restructuring of ownership of enterprises by means of collectivization, the creation of joint stock companies, establishing joint ventures with foreign companies or privatization. The result of this process was the creation of a set of holding companies that operate in strategic sectors of China's economy such as energy, transport, telecom, capital goods and defense. Within this brief article we will focus on the process of opening up and modernization as the expression of a national project that sought to understand the changes in the international economy and sought to adapt the demographic characteristics of China and productive so you get the best out of globalization.