Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico

The decontamination of the materials has been subject of some studies. One of the factors that it increases the pollution is the lack of responsibility in the discarding of toxic trash, as for example the presence of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in the environment. In the Brazilian regulations, the material contaminated with PCB in concentrations higher than 50 ppm must be stored in special places or destroyed, usually by incineration in plasma furnace with dual steps. Due to high cost of the procedure, new methodologies of PCBs removal has been studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology and analytical methodology for quantification of removal of PCBs through out the processes of extractions using supercritical fluid and Soxhlet method, also technical efficiency of the two processes of extraction, in the treatment of contaminated materials with PCBs. The materials studied were soils and wood, both were simulated contamination with concentration of 6.000, 33.000 and 60.000 mg of PCB/ kg of materials. Soxhlet extractions were performed using 100 ml of hexane, and temperature of 180 ºC. Extractions by fluid supercritical were performed at conditions of 200 bar, 70°C, and supercritical CO2 flow-rate of 3 g/min for 1-3 hours. The extracts obtained were quantified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conventional extractions were made according to factorial experimental planning technique 22, with aim of study the influence of two variables of process extraction for the Soxhlet method: contaminant concentration and extraction time for obtain a maximum removal of PCB in the materials. The extractions for Soxhlet method were efficient for extraction of PCBs in soil and wood in both solvent studied (hexane and ethanol). In the experimental extraction in soils, the better efficient of removal of PCBs using ethanol as solvent was 81.3% than 95% for the extraction using hexane as solvent, for equal time of extraction. The results of the extraction with wood showed statistically it that there is not difference between the extractions in both solvent studied. The supercritical fluid extraction in the conditions studied showed better efficiency in the extraction of PCBs in the wood matrix than in soil, for two hours extractions the obtain percentual of 43.9 ± 0.5 % for the total of PCBs extracted in the soils against 95.1 ± 0,5% for the total of PCBs extracted in the wood. The results demonstrated that the extractions were satisfactory for both technical studied

Retificação da alumina com rebolo diamantado utilizando-se diferentes métodos de lubri-refrigeração

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Indicadores de aplicação e cumprimento da norma ambiental para ar, água e vegetação no Brasil

Incluye Bibliografía

Compras governamentais: políticas e procedimentos na Organização Mundial de Comércio, União Européia, NAFTA, Estados Unidos e Brasil

Incluye Bibliografía

Retificação da alumina com rebolo diamantado usando diferentes métodos de lubri-refrigeração

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Bainha de segurança para acondicionamento de facão canavieiro durante sua vida útil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As responsabilidades decorrentes do desvio de poder na Administração Pública

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Burocracia e pós-graduação Lato Sensu na UNESP: os cursos de especialização em Educação (1999-2010)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A escola primária rural em Mato Grosso no período republicano (1889-1942)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A fabricação do urbano: civilidade, modernidade e progresso em Uberabinha-MG (1888-1929)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Educação superior no período noturno: impacto do entorno educacional no cotidiano do estudante

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Direito à intimidade do empregado e o poder de direção do empregador: abrangência e limites

A pesquisa desenvolve-se no âmbito das relações de emprego, e trata dos limites e da abrangência do direito à intimidade e à vida privada do empregado, e do poder de direção do empregador. Aquele na qualidade de direito fundamental, garantido pela Constituição Brasileira a todos os cidadãos, e este como mecanismo indispensável para o desenvolvimento das atividades de gestão no âmbito de um contrato de trabalho, como por exemplo, contratar, fiscalizar, estipular regulamentos, punir, dentre outros. O primeiro possui fundamento no art. 5º, X da Constituição Federal de 1988 – CF/88, e o segundo, no art. 2º da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho – CLT. O assunto é relevante, principalmente pela constatação de limites ao poder de direção do empregador, impostos pelo dever de respeito aos direitos fundamentais do empregado. De outra sorte, este também encontra limitações na existência desses direitos no exercício de sua atividade laboral em razão do caráter subordinativo inerente ao contrato de trabalho. O presente estudo perfaz a análise de princípios e de fundamentos dos direitos em questão, apresentando ao final possíveis diretrizes na composição dos conflitos referentes ao tema proposto.

Embalagens de medicamentos: diretrizes para o desenvolvimento

Pós-graduação em Design - FAAC

Estudo de melhorias dos painéis de baixa tensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá - UNESP

The protection and distribution systems for the electrics equipments are really important for the safety of products, process and final users, for an enterprise or even for a residence. For that, it’s necessary the utilization of low voltage switchboards for controlling the feeding of a charge, avoiding any kind of abnormality that can eventually occur. It’s necessary to pay attention in the cubicles conditions, and always verify if they are in accordance to the norms of the product, verifying also any kind of physical damage for the operator and/or users. In this line, the present graduation work analyses the low voltage switchboards in the college, checking if they are attending the actual standards, suggesting some improvements and later making a simulation of the creation of a new panel that reach all the needing in substitution of this actual, through the software Simaris. Using the research and lecture of norms and regulations for verifying the problems, this way we could register the greatest acting failures. These actions are made for becoming aware to the university about the danger in using electrics equipments without a minimum degree of protection, allowed by the law, and attempting to the urgency in changing this fails

Métodos analíticos para a identificação de espécies animais

The food industry has been rapidly modernized, and with this the disposal and the consumption of industrialized food has been increasing continually. These products lose their original morphological characteristics, requiring fast and reliable tests that could help to identify the species in question, as most fraudulent behavior in the milk and dairy industry (meat and fish) is carried out where there is partial or total exchange of the original material for other with less value at market. Nowadays there is a lot of techniques that can be used for the identification of animal species, based on muscle protein, or DNA analysis. In the case of protein based analysis, we can mention several types of electrophoresis and immunologic methods, as ELISA. In the case of DNA based methods, we have several assays that use the amplification of DNA fragments, known as PCR, as proof. All these techniques have advantages and disadvantages that can be affected by factors- the sample condition, or the degree of relation between the species in question. Because of this, it’s necessary that a continuous study looking for the improvement of the available techniques, making sure that the confirmation of food authenticity is in place. This is to ensure the true product value, to comply with labeling regulationand and protect the consumer of frauds