A constituição desmilitarizada: democratização e reforma do sistema constitucional de segurança pública

The normative construction of the public security system in the Constituent Assembly of 1987-1988 preserved paradoxical normative space, the military police linked to the Army with a restrictive legal statute of the police offices citizenship through a hierarchical and disciplinary model that is anachronistic. This research originates from the following problem: How is it possible to tailor the constitutional system of public safety, specifically the Military Police, according to the democratic paradigms constructed by the Constituent from 1988 and carry the right to public safety under these molds? The militarists limitations of the Constitution allowed the growing militarization of police departments, organizational culture and authoritarian institutional practices. Underlying this, the problems related to difficulties in realization of Right to Public Safety, the strikes of the military police, the incomplete policy cycle started demanding from the constitutional-legal system appropriate responses. Utilizing the dialogical method and an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, and theoretically grounded in overcoming of the constitutional normativist juspositivism.It was found that the constructed infraconstitutional legislation was insufficient to supply the systemic shortcomings of constitutional law, when looking to create a single system of public security without giving due scope to the federal principle and expand the autonomy the Federated States, and even grant democratic legal status to the military police. Formal legal limits imposed by the Constitution constructed a legal anachronism, the military police. Thus, a democratic reading of military police institutions becomes inconceivable its existence in the constitutional regulatory environment. Thus, reform the Constitution in order to demilitarize the police and conduct a normative redesign of the public security system is fundamental to Brazilian constitutional democracy

LA REFORMA ESTRUCTURAL DE LAS PENSIONES DE SEGURIDAD SOCIAL EN AMERICA LATINA: MODELOS, CARACTERISTICAS, RESULTADOSY LECCIONES

La reforma estructural de las pensiones de la seguridad social es un tema de debate internacional y América Latina ha sido pionera en dicha reforma, tiene una experiencia acumulada de dos décadas y ha ejercido una influencia importante en otras regiones del mundo. Este artículo recopila información legal y estadística sobre dicha reforma en diez países latinoamericanos, con el fin de acometer tres tareas: (I) analizar los tres modelos generales diversos seguidos y apuntar las características de las reformas entre los países;(II) evaluar el desempeño de la reforma contrastándola con nueve supuestos convencionales sobre sus efectos (en la cobertura, el pago de las cotizaciones, la competencia y el costo administrativo, el impacto en el ahorro nacional, el rendimiento de la inversión, etc); y (III) extraer lecciones de estas reformas que sean útiles para la región y otros países.

El bloque de constitucionalidad y principio de convencionalidad : Estudio sobre el carácter vinculante de las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y la reforma constitucional de los estados.

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La protección de la niñez en la propuesta de reforma a los Arts. 11 y 14 del Código de familia, en la prohibición del matrimonio de personas del mismo sexo así nacidas como mecanismo de protección de la familia

El trabajo de investigación que se presenta, trata sobre un tema de relevancia, en el ámbito jurídico especialmente en el área de familia, teniendo éste como Objetivo general: Construir la propuesta de reforma de los arts. 11 y 14 del Código de Familia, en la prohibición del matrimonio de personas del mismo sexo así nacidas como mecanismo de protección de la familia, base de la sociedad y el desarrollo integral del niño y niña en su aspecto moral y religioso. Metodología: la investigación es teórica explicativa, la investigación tiene como población las siguientes unidades de análisis: Juez del Juzgado de Menores, representante de la Fundación Sí a la Vida, diputado de la asamblea legislativa, psicólogo, doctor en medicina general, sacerdote, homosexual, sociólogo y pastor cristiano evangélico. El método es analítico, sistemático y comparativo, la técnica es documental y de campo. Conclusiones: Existe un vacío legal en los Arts. 11 y 14 del Código de Familia, al no haber una regulación expresa en la cual se prohíba el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo así nacidas, es necesario definir la prohibición absoluta para la protección de la familia. Al proponer la reforma de los artículos art. 11 y 14 del Código de Familia se le da protección a la familia, ya que si se le legaliza en un futuro el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo así nacidas, se violentarían los arts. de la Constitución y la Ley secundaria. Si se legaliza en un futuro el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo así nacidas afecta el desarrollo psicológico de los menores de edad, ya que hay una distensión en el menor acerca del concepto de familia que se tiene.

Las cooperativas de crédito y su posición dentro del modelo cooperativo. Integración frente a diferenciación en el marco de la reforma del sistema financiero

En el presente trabajo se van a exponer algunos aspectos del marco legal de las cooperativas de crédito, exponiendo su origen a mitad del siglo XIX en lo que hoy es Alemania y la recepción y evolución de la institución en España hasta llegar a la convulsa situación actual, en la que, tras la crisis financiera vivida en los últimos años, se debate de manera intensa cuál debe ser el futuro del sector con una anunciada reforma de su régimen legal.

Perpetuating Racism: Legal Education, Race and Social Justice

By presenting the results of a content analysis of Australian undergraduate legal education, this paper examines the extent to which issues of race, ethnicity, discrimination, and multiculturalism feature within this component of the moral, ethical, and professional development of legal professionals. It will demonstrate that instead of encouraging a deep, critical and contextual understanding of such issues, legal education provides a relatively superficial one, which has important implications for the role that legal professionals play in overcoming injustices such as institutional racism, and the kinds of social reform that they are likely to undertake.

The function of property in creating an effective legal regime for trade in environmental offsets

Market-based environmental regulation is becoming increasingly common within international and national frameworks. Environmental offset and trading regimes are part of the market-based instrument revolution. This paper proposes that environmental market mechanisms could be used to introduce an ethic of land holder responsibility. In order for market based regimes to attract sufficient levels of stakeholder engagement, participants within such scheme require an incentive to participate and furthermore need to feel a sense of security about investing in such processes. A sense of security is often associated with property based interests. This paper explores the property related issues connected with environmental offset and trading scheme initiatives. Relevant property-related considerations include land tenure considerations, public versus private management of land choices, characteristics and powers associated with property interests, theories defining property and the recognition of legal proprietal interests. The Biodiversity Banking Scheme in New South Wales is then examined as a case study followed by a critique on the role of environmental markets.

Security and legal issues in E-tendering

The Queensland Department of Public Works (QDPW) and the Queensland Department of Main Roads (QDMR) have identified a need for industry e-contracting guidelines in the short to medium term. Each of these organisations conducts tenders and contracts for over $600 million annually. This report considers the security and legal issues relating to the shift from a paper-based tendering system to an electronic tendering system. The research objectives derived from the industry partners include: • a review of current standards and e-tendering systems; • a summary of legal requirements impacting upon e-tendering; • an analysis of the threats and requirements for any e-tendering system; • the identification of outstanding issues; • an evaluation of possible e-tendering architectures; • recommendations for e-tendering systems.

Foucault Goes to Law School : Using Foucault to Examine Australian Legal Education

This paper will consider the way that Foucault’s work has been utilised to examine Australian legal education, particularly in the context of understanding the construction of the legal identity. While remaining sensitive to the many potential ‘uses’ of Foucault’s tools, as well as his problematisation of the author as an organising feature of discourse, this paper will argue that legal education scholarship overwhelmingly utilises concepts such as ‘discourse’ and ‘power-knowledge’, which, while useful, cannot provide a nuanced understanding of the construction of the legal identity. Consequently, this paper suggests that future legal education research utilise Foucault’s concepts of ‘ethics’ and ‘governmentality’ to address these issues.