Increased accommodation of nascent RNA in a product site on RNA polymerase II during arrest.

RNA polymerases encounter specific DNA sites at which RNA chain elongation takes place in the absence of enzyme translocation in a process called discontinuous elongation. For RNA polymerase II, at least some of these sequences also provoke transcriptional arrest where renewed RNA polymerization requires elongation factor SII. Recent elongation models suggest the occupancy of a site within RNA polymerase that accommodates nascent RNA during discontinuous elongation. Here we have probed the extent of nascent RNA extruded from RNA polymerase II as it approaches, encounters, and departs an arrest site. Just upstream of an arrest site, 17-19 nucleotides of the RNA 3'-end are protected from exhaustive digestion by exogenous ribonuclease probes. As RNA is elongated to the arrest site, the enzyme does not translocate and the protected RNA becomes correspondingly larger, up to 27 nucleotides in length. After the enzyme passes the arrest site, the protected RNA is again the 18-nucleotide species typical of an elongation-competent complex. These findings identify an extended RNA product groove in arrested RNA polymerase II that is probably identical to that emptied during SII-activated RNA cleavage, a process required for the resumption of elongation. Unlike Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at a terminator, arrested RNA polymerase II does not release its RNA but can reestablish the normal elongation mode downstream of an arrest site. Discontinuous elongation probably represents a structural change that precedes, but may not be sufficient for, arrest by RNA polymerase II.

Making Autonomies Matter: Sub-State Actor Accommodation in the Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers - An Analysis of the Institutional Framework for Accommodating the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland within ‘Norden’. EDAP Paper 03/2014

Sovereign powers are not absolute but exercised in varying areas and to varying degrees by sub-state, state and supra-state entities. The upward dispersion of power to international organisations carries implications for the sub-state level, while sub-state governance poses demands as to the conduct of governance at the international level. It is well recognised that sub-state entities, such as federal states and autonomies, may have the (restricted) capacity to enter into international relations. But what capacities do international organisations have to accommodate autonomies in their institutional frameworks? This paper shall present a case study of one such framework, namely Nordic co-operation and the accommodation of the Nordic autonomies, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland, within its institutional framework. Within ‘Norden’, the position of autonomies has been scrutinised and adapted on several occasions, in the late 1960s, early 1980s and in the mid-2000s. The accommodation of the autonomies has been discussed in light of evident implications of statehood and international legal personality and the institutional arrangements eventually carved serve well to illustrate the challenges and opportunities international organisations face in the attempt to accommodate multi-level systems.

Handbook of reasonable accomodation.

Collophon title: Handbook on reasonable accomodation.

Job accommodation ideas : job accommodation problems with proposed low-cost solutions.

Caption title.

Cost estimates; Government estimate of fair and reasonable cost to contractor.

At head of title: Engineering and design.

In Ruhleben, letters from a prisoner to his mother, with an account of the "university" life, classes, sports, good, accommodation, etc., of the internment camp of British prisoners,

Mode of access: Internet.

Census of Scotland - 1861 : population tables and report : number of the inhabitants, families, children at school, houses, and rooms with windows, in the civil counties and parishes, registration counties and districts, burghs, towns, villages, and islands of Scotland : also a classification of families according to their sizes, the number of persons they contain, and their relative house accommodation : presented by command of Her Majesty to both houses of parliament.

"Errata": 1 p. atend.

To assure a reasonable and stable exchange rate for the dollar : hearing before the Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, on H.J. Res. 585 ... August 9, 1984.

Item 1013-A, 1013-B (microfiche)

What constitutes a reasonable underwriting profit and the method of determining same.

Supplemental report also issued, which was filed at the Commissioner's meeting of December 7th, 1921. Titled: Report of the Fire Insurance Committee of the National Convention of Insurance Commissioners, approved and adoped December 7, 1921.

The Craftsman : an illustrated monthly magazine in the interest of better art, better work, and a better and more reasonable way of living.

Subtitle varies.

Illinois groundwater law : the rule of "reasonable use" /

"September 18, 1985."