Extrafiscalidade: análise da norma potiguar regulamentadora do imposto sobre propriedade veicular automotora à luz da tutela ambiental

From the second half of the twentieth century the state bega n to use exaction beyond your fiscalist character, also as a means of alignment deformities economic and social balance, influencing in different directions, according to economic, social and political policy. It is what is usually called the extrafiscalit y. It is in light of this phenomenon and the constitutional perspective, the present work aims to analyze item IV of article. 8 of Law n. 6.967/96, regulatory Property Tax Vehicle Automotive (property taxes) in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, in view of its possible incompatibility with the principles of the Basic Statute and with international guidelines for protection of the environment The problem of this research is Seated in art. 225 of the Constitution, which provides that everyone has the right to an ecologically balanced environment. From the reading of this standard, extracted it is the responsibility of the state protecting the environment, which requires the adoption of suitable actions to that end. However, we look to state law cited follows th e constitutional path, since it exempts the collection of property taxes automotive vehicles with over 10 years of manufacturing, which could encourage the conservation of a fleet of old vehicles, mostly more polluting and harmful to the environment and hu man health. Would the state legislature oblivious to the constitutional principles and the global trend of environmental preservation? Thus questions whether such an incentive for more polluting vehicles, emitting more gases in the atmosphere. Moreover, th e international community is already moving through important conventions in an attempt to minimize and control global warming and climate change. Predicting the theme in CF/88 demonstrates that the country is no stranger to the issue. Thus, the work is a retelling of Law No. 6.967/96 order to check whether it is compatible with the existing system. The methodology consists of a documentary, deductive, dialectical literature. At the end of the survey, it was found that provide a tax benefit to these vehicle s is encouraged to maintain them in circulation and contribute to the increase in air and noise pollution, in addition to the traffic problems generated. Thus, this potiguar anything standard can be expressed extrafiscality because the medium and long term there is encouragement and worsening environmental problem. Despite the ability to pay clause, but this remission is an affront to legally protected interests. Thus, this device goes in reverse order compared to the values of the legal system and in relat ion to sustainable development. Modern Tax Law should be used as a tool to achieve the purposes collimated by the State, and not otherwise. It was noticed that the vast majority of Brazilian states does not follow this rule, including Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais have no such exemption. Therefore, the RN State does not constitute a model for sustainable public policies, nor example of environmental protection by state law.

Graphene and Semicondutor or Metallic Nanoparticles for Energy Conversion

The purpose of the present PhD thesis is to investigate the properties of innovative nano- materials with respect to the conversion of renewable energies to electrical and chemical energy. The materials have been synthesized and characterized by means of a wide spectrum of morphological, compositional and photophysical techniques, in order to get an insight into the correlation between the properties of each material and the activity towards different energy conversion applications. Two main topics are addressed: in the first part of the thesis the light harvesting in pyrene functionalized silicon nanocrystals has been discussed, suggesting an original approach to suc- cessfully increase the absorption properties of these nanocrystals. The interaction of these nanocrystals was then studied, in order to give a deeper insight on the charge and energy extraction, preparing the way to implement SiNCs as active material in optoelectronic devices and photovoltaic cells. In addition to this, the luminescence of SiNCs has been exploited to increase the efficiency of conventional photovoltaic cells by means of two innovative architectures. Specifically, SiNCs has been used as luminescent downshifting layer in dye sensitized solar cells, and they were shown to be very promising light emitters in luminescent solar concentrators. The second part of the thesis was concerned on the production of hydrogen by platinum nanoparticles coupled to either electro-active or photo-active materials. Within this context, the electrocatalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles supported on exfoliated graphene has been studied, preparing an high-efficiency catalyst and disclosing the role of the exfoliation technique towards the catalytic activity. Furthermore, platinum nanoparticles have been synthesized within photoactive dendrimers, providing the first proof of concept of a dendrimer-based photocatalytic system for the hydrogen production where both sensitizer and catalyst are anchored to a single scaffold.

Avaliação do potencial produção de sementes de híbridos de Brachiaria decumbens

2015

Avaliação do potencial produtivo de sementes de híbridos interespecíficos de Brachiaria pré- selecionados do programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Gado de Corte

2015

Levantamento das características das cultivares de Brachiaria da Embrapa e de seus descritores morfológicos

2015

Correlations between cardiac magnetic resonance and histologic findings in Anderson Fabry disease

ABSTRACT Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been shown as promising diagnostic tool in Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) cardiomyopathy due to its ability to detect fat deposits through lower native T1 values. However no histological validation has been provided to date. Objectives To correlate CMR and histologic findings in different cardiac stages of AFD focusing on T1 mapping. Methods Fifteen AFD patients (49 years [IQR 39-63], 60% females) undergoing CMR (cines, native T1 and T2 mapping, LGE and post-contrast T1 imaging) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB, n=11) or septal myectomy (n=4), were retrospectively evaluated. Tissue specimens were analyzed with light/electron microscopy and vacuolization amount calculated as percentages of vacuolated myocytes and vacuolated myocyte area (%VMA) through a quantitative histomorphometric color-based analysis. Results In patients without increased indexed left ventricular mass (LVMi) at CMR (67%), T1 fell as %VMA increased (r= -0.883; p<0.001), whereas no clear relationship was evident once increased LVMi occurred (r= -0.501; p=0.389). At least 45% of vacuolized myocytes and 10% of VMA were needed for low T1 to occur. %VMA positively correlate with maximal wall thickness (MWT, r=0.860, p<0.0001) and LVMi (r= 0.762; p<0.001). Increased MWT and LVMi were present with at least 45% and 80% of vacuolated myocytes, respectively, and 18% and 22% of VMA. Conclusions This study demonstrated an inverse correlation between native T1 and the vacuolization amount in patients without increased LVMi at CMR, providing a histological validation of low native T1 in AFD. Importantly, a significant vacuolization burden was needed before low T1 and left ventricle hypertrophy occurred.