Estado nutricional de escolares do semi-árido do nordeste brasileiro

SILVA, João B. da et al. Estado Nutricional de Escolares do Semi-Árido do Nordeste Brasileiro. Revista de Salud Pública, v. 11, n. 1, p. 62-71, 2009.

Factores de riesgo asociados a retinopatía del prematuro en menor o igual a 1750 gramos al nacer, que requirió tratamiento con láser en Hospital de Niños Benjamín Bloom de Enero 2012 a Diciembre 2013

Las retinas inmaduras de los recién nacidos prematuros son susceptibles a insultos que interrumpen el crecimiento neurovascular, que conduce a la retinopatía de la prematuridad. Por eso es de gran importancia conocer los factores de riesgo que se ven involucrados en la génesis de dicha enfermedad. Objetivos: conocer los factores de riesgos asociados a retinopatía del prematuro menor o igual a 1750 gramos al nacer que requirió tratamiento con láser en el Hospital de Niños Benjamín Bloom de Enero de 2012 a Diciembre 2013. Material y método: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, de corte retrospectivo en el cual se hará revisión sistemática de los expedientes de los pacientes sin dar a conocer la identidad de los mismos, seleccionando a pacientes menor o igual a 1750 gramos independientemente del sexo, evaluado en Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom y al que se le ha realizado intervención con láser; de los cuales se verificará los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de retinopatía del prematuro en estadios severos, se realizó una hoja de datos en Excel y se utilizó el programa SPSS para la agrupación de los datos, posterior se realizó el análisis de los datos. Resultado: se encontraron 56 casos de prematuros con grado severo de retinopatía que utilizó laser, de los cuales fueron 30 masculinos y 26 femeninos; se excluyeron veinte casos por no cumplir criterios de inclusión. Los dos factores de riesgo principalmente involucrados en la ROP son edad gestacional igual o inferior a 30 semanas de gestación y peso al nacimiento igual o inferior a 1300 gr. Otros factores de riesgo encontrados son: la no ganancia de peso para la edad gestacional con un 92.7%, anemia y transfusión sanguínea con un 76.9%, sepsis temprana y nososcomial, en menor proporción apneas, aplicación de surfactante, administración de esteroides prenatales, el estadio con mayor frecuencia encontrado es el III, el déficit visual y ceguera son las secuelas encontradas en los pacientes con retinopatía severa. Conclusiones: la retinopatía de la prematuridad es una entidad multifactorial en la que cada uno de los factores juega un papel importante en la evolución de dicha patología.

Role of Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Receptor in Retinopathy of Prematurity

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of developing retina of low birth weight preterm infants which can lead to blindness. One theory attributes the fibrosis seen in ROP to deregulation of vascularization in the retina. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the important mediators involved in vascularization. Objectives: This study was carried out to assess the role of VEGF and its receptor in retinopathy of prematurity. Patients and Methods: Around 200 preterm infants born in SSK hospital were screened at 33 - 34 weeks. These babies were followed up according to the international classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ICROP) criteria. Those infants who developed ROP at 38 - 40 weeks were enrolled in group A while an equal number of infants who did not develop ROP were included in group B. Each group comprised of 30 subjects each. Venous sampling was carried out twice, once at 33 - 34 weeks and then again at 38 - 40 weeks. VEGF and VEGF-R2 were estimated by commercially available ELISA kits. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of VEGF and VEGF-R2 in both groups at first visit as well as the follow up visit. However, the intra-group difference was significant between the first and the final visit in VEGF and VEGF-R2 levels in the cases with ROP. In the control population, the VEGF levels were significantly lower in the follow up visit as compared to the initial visit. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that a significant difference is seen in the serum VEGF and VRGF-R2 in the second visit of the infants with ROP demonstrating that VEGF might be responsible for the initiation and aggravation of ROP.

DFT STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF LACTIDE WITH ADENINE

The use of organic molecules as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters has gained much interest last years.[1] The use of a molecule of biological interest, able to initiate ROP of cyclic esters without any cocatalyst is even more interesting, as the resulting material will not contain any catalytic residue. Nucleobase-polymer conjugates development is thus an emerging area envisaging biomedical applications.[2] However, they are usually synthesized by tedious multistep procedures. Recently, adenine was used as organoinitiator for the ROP of L-lactide.[3] Reaction conditions involving short reaction times and relatively low temperatures enable the access to adenine-polylactide(Adn-PLA)conjugates in a simple one-step procedure, without additional catalyst and in the absence of solvent. In this study, computational investigations with density functional theory (DFT) were performed in order to clarify the reaction mechanism leading to the desired Adn-PLA. The results show that a hydrogen bond catalytic mechanism, involving a nucleophilic attack of the activated amine group of adenine onto the carbonyl group of lactide, seem to be plausible.