Higher intensity exercise helps cancer survivors remain motivated

Purpose The aim of the present study was to determine if exercise intensity impacts upon the psychosocial responses of breast and prostate cancer survivors to a rehabilitation program. Methods Eighty-seven prostate and 72 breast cancer survivors participated in an 8-week exercise and supportive group psychotherapy intervention (n=84) or control (n=75) group. Intervention participants were randomized to low-to-moderate intensity exercise (LIG; n=44; 60–65 % VO2peak, 50–65 % one repetition maximum (1RM)) or moderate-to-high intensity exercise (HIG; n=40; 75–80 % VO2peak, 65–80 % 1RM) while controls continued usual care. Before and after the 8 weeks, all participants completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast or -Prostate to assess quality of life (QOL) and Behavioural Regulations of Exercise Version 2 for exercise motivation. Intervention participants also completed a follow-up assessment 4 months post-intervention. Results All three groups improved in QOL from baseline to post-intervention, with no significant differences. From postintervention to follow-up, the LIG and HIG similarly maintained QOL scores. Between baseline and post-intervention, both intervention arms improved their motivation to exercise compared to the controls (p=0.004). At the 4-month followup, the HIG had maintained their overall exercise motivation (p<0.001) and both domains of intrinsic motivation (identified regulation, p=0.047; intrinsic regulation, p=0.007); however, the LIG had regressed. Conclusions The structured intervention was successful at improving autonomous exercise motivation, regardless of exercise intensity. However, only those participants who had exercised at a higher intensity sustained their improvement. Intervention participation did not improve QOL more than controls. Implications for Cancer Survivors Higher-intensity exercise is more likely to result in more sustainable increases in motivation to exercise among cancer survivors.

Lower preoperative quality of life increases postoperative risk of adverse events in women with endometrial cancer: results from the LACE trial

Objective: To examine the association between preoperative quality of life (QoL) and postoperative adverse events in women treated for endometrial cancer. Methods: 760 women with apparent Stage I endometrial cancer were randomised into a clinical trial evaluating laparoscopic versus open surgery. This analysis includes women with preoperative QoL measurements, from the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- General (FACT-G) questionnaire, and who were followed up for at least 6 weeks after surgery (n=684). The outcomes for this study were defined as (1) the occurrence of moderate to severe AEs adverse events within 6 months (Common Toxicology Criteria (CTC) grade ≥3); and (2) any Serious Adverse Event (SAE). The association between preoperative QoL and the occurrence of AE was examined, after controlling for baseline comorbidity and other factors. Results: After adjusting for other factors, odds of occurrence of AE of CTC grade ≥3 were significantly increased with each unit decrease in baseline FACT-G score (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, p=0.030), which was driven by physical well-being (PWB) (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.13, p=0.0002) and functional well-being subscales (FWB) (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.07, p=0.035). Similarly, odds of SAE occurrence were significantly increased with each unit decrease in baseline FACT-G score (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04, p=0.011), baseline PWB (OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.16, p<0.0001) or baseline FWB subscales (OR=1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10, p=0.0077). Conclusion: Women with early endometrial cancer presenting with lower QoL prior to surgery are at higher risk of developing a serious adverse event following surgery. Funding: Cancer Council Queensland, Cancer Council New South Wales, Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Council, Western Australia; NHMRC project grant 456110; Cancer Australia project grant 631523; The Women and Infants Research Foundation, Western Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Foundation; Wesley Research Institute; Gallipoli Research Foundation; Gynetech; TYCO Healthcare, Australia; Johnson and Johnson Medical, Australia; Hunter New England Centre for Gynaecological Cancer; Genesis Oncology Trust; and Smart Health Research Grant QLD Health.

Quality of life changes during conformal radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe prospectively quality of life (QOL) before and after radiotherapy for patients with prostate carcinoma. METHODS: Forty-three patients with T1-T3 prostate carcinoma who underwent conformal external beam radiation therapy were randomized either to the complete European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) or the Medical Outcomes Study Group Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline, at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after initial treatment, and at 6 weeks and 5 months after the completion of radiotherapy. The measures were self-reported patient QOL, and values are given as the mean +/- standard error of the mean. Changes in QOL are described from baseline to the end of treatment in both questionnaire groups. RESULTS: Emotional role functioning, as measured with the SF-36 questionnaire, significantly improved from 68.2 +/- 9.9 at baseline to 93.3 +/- 5.2 at the end of therapy (P = 0.02). The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire revealed consistent values of emotional functioning during treatment (72.7 +/- 5.9 at baseline) but showed a significant improvement 6 weeks after therapy (89.0 +/- 4.4; P = 0.01). Role functioning deteriorated from 80.1 +/- 6.5 at baseline to 62.5 +/- 8.8 at the end of radiotherapy (P = 0.02). Symptoms of fatigue were shown to increase significantly from 26.9 +/- 6.0 at baseline to 37.7 +/- 7.6 at the end of therapy (P = 0.02). No significant changes in the other dimensions were observed in either questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: After radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma, patients experience a temporary deterioration of fatigue and role functioning, as measured with the EORTC QLQ-C-30. Despite physical deterioration, the authors observed an improvement in emotional functioning scores with both questionnaires. This may have been due to psychological adaptation and coping.

Quality of life after early enteral feeding versus standard care for proven or suspected advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: Results from a randomised trial

Background Malnutrition is common in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and is associated with impaired quality of life (QoL), longer hospital stay and higher risk of treatment-related adverse events. This phase III multi-centre randomised clinical trial tested early enteral feeding versus standard care on postoperative QoL. Methods From 2009 to 2013, 109 patients requiring surgery for suspected advanced EOC, moderately to severely malnourished were enrolled at five sites across Queensland and randomised to intervention (n = 53) or control (n = 56) groups. Intervention involved intraoperative nasojejunal tube placement and enteral feeding until adequate oral intake could be maintained. Despite being randomised to intervention, 20 patients did not receive feeds (13 did not receive the feeding tube; 7 had it removed early). Control involved postoperative diet as tolerated. QoL was measured at baseline, 6 weeks postoperatively and 30 days after the third cycle of chemotherapy. The primary outcome measure was the difference in QoL between the intervention and the control group. Secondary endpoints included treatment-related adverse event occurrence, length of stay, postoperative services use, and nutritional status. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between treatment groups. No significant difference in QoL was found between the groups at any time point. There was a trend towards better nutritional status in patients who received the intervention but the differences did not reach statistical significance except for the intention-to-treat analysis at 7 days postoperatively (11.8 intervention vs. 13.8 control, p 0.04). Conclusion Early enteral feeding did not significantly improve patients' QoL compared to standard of care but may improve nutritional status.

Outcomes of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) is a life-threatening event, and without operative treatment the patient will die. The overall mortality can be as high as 80-90%; thus repair of RAAA should be attempted whenever feasible. The quality of life (QoL) has become an increasingly important outcome measure in vascular surgery. Aim of the study was to evaluate outcomes of RAAA and to find out predictors of mortality. In Helsinki and Uusimaa district 626 patients were identified to have RAAA in 1996-2004. Altogether 352 of them were admitted to Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH). Based on Finnvasc Registry, 836 RAAA patients underwent repair of RAAA in 1991-1999. The 30-day operative mortality, hospital and population-based mortality were assessed, and the effect of regional centralisation and improving in-hospital quality on the outcome of RAAA. QoL was evaluated by a RAND-36 questionnaire of survivors of RAAA. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which measure length and QoL, were calculated using the EQ-5D index and estimation of life expectancy. The predictors of outcome after RAAA were assessed at admission and 48 hours after repair of RAAA. The 30-day operative mortality rate was 38% in HUCH and 44% nationwide, whereas the hospital mortality was 45% in HUCH. Population-based mortality was 69% in 1996-2004 and 56% in 2003-2004. After organisational changes were undertaken, the mortality decreased significantly at all levels. Among the survivors, the QoL was almost equal when compared with norms of age- and sex-matched controls; only physical functioning was slightly impaired. Successful repair of RAAA gave a mean of 4.1 (0-30.9) QALYs for all RAAA patients, although non-survivors were included. The preoperative Glasgow Aneurysm Score was an independent predictor of 30-day operative mortality after RAAA, and it also predicted the outcome at 48- hours for initial survivors of repair of RAAA. A high Glasgow Aneurysm Score and high age were associated with low numbers of QALYs to be achieved. Organ dysfunction measured by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at 48 hours after repair of RAAA was the strongest predictor of death. In conclusion surgery of RAAA is a life-saving and cost-effective procedure. The centralisation of vascular emergencies improved the outcome of RAAA patients. The survivors had a good QoL after RAAA. Predictive models can be used on individual level only to provide supplementary information for clinical decision-making due to their moderate discriminatory value. These results support an active operation policy, as there is no reliable measure to predict the outcome after RAAA.

The incidence and outcome of severe sepsis in Finland : The Finnsepsis Study

Severe sepsis is associated with common occurrence, high costs of care and significant mortality. The incidence of severe sepsis has been reported to vary between 0.5/1000 and 3/1000 in different studies. The worldwide Severe Sepsis Campaign, guidelines and treatment protocols aim at decreasing severe sepsis associated high morbidity and mortality. Various mediators of inflammation, such as high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been tested for severity of illness and outcome in severe sepsis. Long-term survival with quality of life (QOL) assessment is important outcome after severe sepsis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence, severity of organ dysfunction and outcome of severe sepsis in intensive care treated patients in Finland (study I)). HMGB1 and VEGF were studied in predicting severity of illness, development and type of organ dysfunction and hospital mortality (studies II and III). The long-term outcome and quality of life were assessed and quality-adjusted life years and cost per one QALY were estimated (study IV). A total of 470 patients with severe sepsis were included in the Finnsepsis Study. Patients were treated in 24 Finnish intensive care units in a 4-month period from 1 November 2004 to 28 February 2005. The incidence of severe sepsis was 0.38 /1,000 in the adult population (95% confidence interval 0.34-0.41). Septic shock (77%), severe oxygenation impairment (71.4%) and acute renal failure (23.2%) were the most common organ failures. The ICU, hospital, one-year and two-year mortalities were 15.5%, 28.3%, 40.9% and 44.9% respectively. HMGB1 and VEGF were elevated in patients with severe sepsis. VEGF concentrations were lower in non-survivors than in survivors, but HMGB1 levels did not differ between patients. Neither HMGB1 nor VEGF were predictive of hospital mortality. The QOL was measured median 17 months after severe sepsis and QOL was lower than in reference population. The mean QALY was 15.2 years for a surviving patient and the cost for one QALY was 2,139 . The study showed that the incidence of severe sepsis is lower in Finland than in other countries. The short-term outcome is comparable with that in other countries, but long-term outcome is poor. HMGB1 and VEGF are not useful in predicting mortality in severe sepsis. The mean QALY for a surviving patient is 15.2 and as the cost for one QALY is reasonably low, the intensive care is cost-effective in patients with severe sepsis.

Mitä hyötyä tehohoidosta? : Tehohoitoa sisältäneiden hoitojaksojen vaikuttavuuden arviointi

Intensive care is to be provided to patients benefiting from it, in an ethical, efficient, effective and cost-effective manner. This implies a long-term qualitative and quantitative analysis of intensive care procedures and related resources. The study population consists of 2709 patients treated in the general intensive care unit (ICU) of Helsinki University Hospital. Study sectors investigate intensive care patients mortality, quality of life (QOL), Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALY units) and factors related to severity of illness, length of stay (LOS), patient s age, evaluation period as well as experiences and memories connected with the ICU episode. In addition, the study examines the qualities of two QOL measures, the RAND 36 Item Health Survey 1.0 (RAND-36) and the 5 Item EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and assesses the correlation of the test results. Patients treated in 1995 responded to the RAND-36 questionnaire in 1996. All patients, treated from 1995-2000, received a QOL questionnaires in 2001, when 1 7 years had lapsed from the intensive treatment. Response rate was 79.5 %. Main Results 1) Of the patients who died within the first year (n = 1047) 66 % died during the intensive care period or within the following month. The non-survivors were more aged than the surviving patients, had generally a higher than average APACHE II and SOFA score depicting the severity of illness, their ICU LOS was longer and hospital stay shorter than of the surviving patients (p < 0.001). Mortality of patients receiving conservative treatment was higher than of those receiving surgical treatment. Patients replying to the QOL survey in 2001 (n = 1099) had recovered well: 97 % of those lived at home. More than half considered their QOL as good or extremely good, 40 % as satisfactory and 7 % as bad. All QOL indexes of those of working-age were considerably lower (p < 0.001) than comparable figures of the age- and gender-adjusted Finnish population. The 5-year monitoring period made evident that mental recovery was slower than physical recovery. 2) The results of RAND-36 and EQ-5D correlated well (p < 0.01). The RAND-36 profile measure distinguished more clearly between the different categories of QOL and their levels. EQ-5D measured well the patient groups general QOL and the sum index was used to calculate QALY units. 3) QALY units were calculated by multiplying the time the patient survived after ICU stay or expected life-years by the EQ-5D sum index. Aging automatically lowers the number of QALY units. Patients under the age of 65 receiving conservative treatment benefited from treatment to a greater extent measured in QALY units than their peers receiving surgical treatment, but in the age group 65 and over patients with surgical treatment received higher QALY ratings than recipients of conservative treatment. 4) The intensive care experience and QOL ratings were connected. The QOL indices were statistically highest for those recipients with memories of intensive care as a positive experience, albeit their illness requiring intensive care treatment was less serious than average. No statistically significant differences were found in the QOL indices of those with negative memories, no memories or those who did not express the quality of their experiences.

Cyclosporine A in the treatment of Interstitial Cystitis

Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a chronic urinary bladder disorder of unknown etiology characterized by symptoms of bladder pain and urinary frequency. PBS/IC is a chronic disease in which drug therapy has not led to significant success over the course of time. If the symptoms of PBS/IC are refractory to standard treatments, a possible cure might demand surgical intervention involving cystectomy. The eventual autoimmune etiology in mind, immunosuppressive drug therapy with cyclosporine A (CyA) was started to patients with refractory PBS/IC. CyA is a potent anti-inflammatory drug, a calcineurin inhibitor which inhibits T lymphocyte IL-2 produc-tion. T cells are present in abundance in inflammation of the bladder in PBS/IC. On the basis of a pilot, short-term study with CyA on PBS/IC, use of CyA was continued empirically over the long term. We conducted a prospective, randomized, six-month study in 64 patients comparing the effect of CyA with the FDA approved treatment, pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS). We measured the drug effect on patient s symptoms, the potassium sensitivity test, and on urinary biomarkers. We further tested the impact of CyA, PPS, DMSO and BCG therapy on a health-related quality of life questionnaire and evaluated the response rate to treatment with these therapies. Long-term use of CyA was safe and effective in PBS/IC patients. The good clinical effect matured individually during the years in which CyA was continued. Cessation of medication led to the reappearance of symptoms, and restarting CyA to renewed alleviation, so that CyA was administered as continuous medication. The response rate to CyA increased during the study period, comprising 75% of CyA patients at six months. 19% of patients responded to PPS therapy. Adverse effects were more common in the CyA group, underlining the importance of monitoring the drug safety and appropriate titration of the dose. The potassium sensitivity test is positive in the majority of PBS/IC patients. Successful therapy of PBS/IC can alter nerve sensitivity to external potassium. This effect was seen more often after CyA therapy. Successful treatment of PBS/IC with CyA resulted to decreasing urinary levels of EGF. IL-6 levels in urine were higher among older patient with a longer history of PBS/IC. In these patients, reduced levels of urinary IL-6 were measured after CyA therapy. Patients who experience the best treatment response have improved quality of life according to the post-treatment health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire. CyA had more impact on the ma-jority of the aspects of QoL than PPS. Despite DMSO therapy being more successful than BCG in the count of responders, DMSO and BCG had equal effects on the HRQOL questionnaire.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Disorders in Finland

Quality of life (QoL) and Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are becoming one of the key outcomes of health care due to increased respect for the subjective valuations and well-being of patients and an increasing part of the ageing population living with chronic, non-fatal conditions. Preference-based HRQoL measures enable estimation of health utility, which can be useful for rational rationing, evidence-based medicine and health policy. This study aimed to compare the individual severity and public health burden of major chronic conditions in Finland, including and focusing on reliably diagnosed psychiatric conditions. The study is based on the Health 2000 survey, a representative general population survey of 8028 Finns aged 30 and over. Depressive, anxiety and alcohol use disorders were diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). HRQoL was measured with the 15D and the EQ-5D, with 83% response rate. This study found that people with psychiatric disorders had the lowest 15D HRQoL scores at all ages, in comparison to other main groups of chronic conditions. Considering 29 individual conditions, three of the four most severe (on 15D) were psychiatric disorders; the most severe was Parkinson s disease. Of the psychiatric disorders, chronic conditions that have sometimes been considered relatively mild - dysthymia, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia - were found to be the most severe. This was explained both by the severity of the impact of these disorders on mental health domains of HRQoL, and also by the fact that decreases were widespread on most dimensions of HRQoL. Considering the public health burden of conditions, musculoskeletal disorders were associated with the largest burden, followed by psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders were associated with the largest burden at younger ages. Of individual conditions, the largest burden found was for depressive disorders, followed by urinary incontinence and arthrosis of the hip and knee. The public health burden increased greatly with age, so the ageing of the Finnish population will mean that the disease burden caused by chronic conditions will increase by a quarter up to year 2040, if morbidity patterns do not change. Investigating alcohol consumption and HRQoL revealed that although abstainers had poorer HRQoL than moderate drinkers, this was mainly due to many abstainers being former drinkers and having the poorest HRQoL. Moderate drinkers did not have significantly better HRQoL than abstainers who were not former drinkers. Psychiatric disorders are associated with a large part of the non-fatal disease burden in Finland. In particular anxiety disorders appear to be more severe and have a larger public health burden than previously thought.

Lower Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Health and Irritable Bowel Syndrome : Characterisation and Effect of Probiotic Intervention

The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is a complex ecosystem that lives in symbiosis with its host. The growing awareness of the importance of the microbiota to the host as well as the development of culture-free laboratory techniques and computational methods has enormously expanded our knowledge of this microbial community. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder affecting up to a fifth of the Western population. To date, IBS diagnosis has been based on GI symptoms and the exclusion of organic diseases. The GI microbiota has been found to be altered in this syndrome and probiotics can alleviate the symptoms, although clear links between the symptoms and the microbiota have not been demonstrated. The aim of the present work was to characterise IBS related alterations in the intestinal microbiota, their relation to IBS symptoms and their responsiveness to probiotic theraphy. In this thesis research, the healthy human microbiota was characterised by cloning and sequencing 16S rRNA genes from a faecal microbial community DNA pool that was first profiled and fractionated according to its guanine and cytosine content (%G+C). The most noticeable finding was that the high G+C Gram-positive bacteria (the phylum Actinobacteria) were more abundant compared to a corresponding library constructed from the unfractionated DNA pool sample. Previous molecular analyses of the gut microbiota have also shown comparatively low amounts of high G+C bacteria. Furthermore, the %G+C profiling approach was applied to a sample constructed of faecal DNA from diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) subjects. The phylogenetic microbial community comparison performed for healthy and IBS-D sequence libraries revealed that the IBS-D sample was rich in representatives of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria whereas Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were abundant in the healthy subjects. The family Lachnospiraceae within the Firmicutes was especially prevalent in the IBS-D sample. Moreover, associations of the GI microbiota with intestinal symptoms and the quality of life (QOL) were investigated, as well as the effect of probiotics on these factors. The microbial targets that were analysed with the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in this study were phylotypes (species definition according to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) previously associated with either health or IBS. With a set of samples, the presence or abundance of a phylotype that had 94% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Ruminococcus torques (R. torques 94%) was shown to be associated with the severity of IBS symptoms. The qPCR analyses for selected phylotypes were also applied to samples from a six-month probiotic intervention with a mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and Bifidobacterium breve Bb99. The intervention had been previously reported to alleviate IBS symptoms, but no associations with the analysed microbiota representatives were shown. However, with the phylotype-specific assays applied here, the abundance of the R. torques 94% -phylotype was shown to be lowered in the probiotic-receiving group during the probiotic supplementation, whereas a Clostridium thermosuccinogenes 85% phylotype, previously associated with a healthy microbiota, was found to be increased compared to the placebo group. To conclude, with the combination of methods applied, higher abundance of Actinobacteria was detected in the healthy gut than found in previous studies, and significant phylum-level microbiota alterations could be shown in IBS-D. Thus, the results of this study provide a detailed overview of the human GI microbiota in healthy subjects and in subjects with IBS. Furthermore, the IBS symptoms were linked to a particular clostridial phylotype, and probiotic supplementation was demonstrated to alter the GI microbiota towards a healthier state with regard to this and an additional bacterial phylotype. For the first time, distinct phylotype-level alterations in the microbiota were linked to IBS symptoms and shown to respond to probiotic therapy.

¿Cómo detectar la disfagia en ancianos, en el domicilio?

Introducción: Las personas mayores afectadas por demencias, enfermedades cardiorrespiratorias o motoras, aumentan el riesgo de sufrir un trastorno en la deglución que puede tener ser causa de graves problemas. La disfagia puede originar neumonías por aspiración, deshidratación y desnutrición. Objetivo: Analizar los métodos de detección precoz de la disfagia en personas ancianas. Metodología: Revisión narrativa. Se realizar una búsqueda sistemática en Pubmed, Tripdatabase y BVS empleando, según la estructura PIO, los siguientes términos: “trastorno de la deglución”, “técnicas de detección”, “disfagia”, “ancianos”. Los artículos seleccionados se clasifican según la pirámide de Haynes. Resultados: en la búsqueda se obtienen un total de 265 artículos, después de utilizar criterios de inclusión y la adecuación de la pregunta PIO se obtienen 14 artículos; 9 son revisiones sistemáticas y 5 estudios prospectivos. Se comparan técnicas tipo test como Swall-QOL, EAT 10 y técnicas en las que se observa la deglución como son las herramientas GUSS, el V-VST ó MECV-V con otras 2 técnicas consideradas como las pruebas de oro, estas son la VFFS y la FEES. Se escoge MECV-V por ser la técnica eficaz más sencilla, económica y sin riesgos para la salud del paciente. Conclusiones: el método de detección de disfagia MECV-V destaca de entre otras técnicas de detección de disfagia, ya que es una herramienta sencilla, económica y fiable, que puede realizarse, incluso en el domicilio. Esta técnica, que pueden realizar las enfermeras, permite la detección precoz de la disfagia y organizar intervenciones para reducir los riesgos asociados (neumonía por aspiración; deshidratación; desnutrición) de forma que se garantice una ingesta una ingesta adecuada y segura. Aportación personal: este trabajo ha supuesto una modificación de los procedimientos relacionados con la ingesta alimentaria y la administración de medicación en mi centro de trabajo.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida entre adolescentes asmáticos

Nesta tese vamos investigar as associações entre: Artigo 1 - Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) e sua associação com a gravidade da asma, presença de outras doenças crônicas e estilo de vida; Artigo 2 - O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a associação entre TMC e qualidade de vida em adolescentes asmáticos. Artigo 1 - Trata-se de um estudo seccional de base ambulatorial em 210 adolescentes asmáticos entre 12 e 21 anos, de ambos os sexos atendidos em um serviço especializado em atenção ao adolescente em uma universidade pública no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para avaliação da QV utilizou-se um questionário autopreenchível, o Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire PAQLQ. As variáveis explicativas foram: as outras doenças alérgicas, uso de medicamentos, fumo passivo, trabalho, gravidade da asma e o estilo de vida. As análises foram conduzidas considerando o desfecho em estudo (QV) dicotômico (boa-ruim) a partir da média dos escores. Modelos lineares generalizados (log-binomial) foram utilizados para o cálculo de razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas; Artigo 2 - Estudo seccional de base ambulatorial, entre 210 adolescentes asmáticos de 12 a 21 anos atendidos em um ambulatório especializado de um serviço universitário voltado à atenção ao adolescente, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A qualidade de vida (QV) foi avaliada através do Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire PAQLQ e os TMC, pelo General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A qualidade de vida total e suas diferentes dimensões foram tratadas como variável dicotômica e utilizou-se o modelo log-binomial para o cálculo das razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas. Artigo 1 - Quarenta e seis por cento das adolescentes apresentavam uma qualidade de vida ruim, assim como 57% dos meninos. Não houve correlação entre outras doenças crônicas e QV ruim. Escolaridade baixa, uso de medicamentos, fumo passivo e trabalho tiveram relação estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) com QV ruim. A análise ajustada mostrou que asma grave (RP=1,53; IC 95% 1,12-2,11), uso de medicação (RP=1,58; IC 95% 1,09-2,28), ter menos de 5 anos de diagnóstico de asma (RP= 1,30.; IC 95% 0,97-1,86), fumo passivo (RP= 1,38; IC 95%; 1,35-2,00) e estar trabalhando (RP=1,30 IC 95% 0,96 1,74) associavam-se à qualidade de vida ruim; Artigo 2 - A prevalência total de asmáticos com TMC foi de 32,4%. A prevalência de QV ruim entre adolescentes com TMC foi de 36,6%. O modelo final ajustado mostrou uma associação entre TMC e QV total ruim (RP= 1,84 IC 95% 1,19-2,86), assim como para os domínios referentes à emoção (RP=1,77 IC 95% 1,16-2,62) e sintomas (RP=1,75 IC 95% 1,14-2,70). Para o domínio atividade física, a associação com TMC foi de apenas borderline (RP=1,43 IC 95% 0,97-2,72). Artigo 1 - O impacto negativo na qualidade de vida está diretamente relacionado a ter asma grave, ser fumante passivo e um diagnóstico mais recente de asma. A equipe multidisciplinar necessita enfrentar esse desafio que é a busca e manutenção de uma boa qualidade de vida, visando uma melhor adequação desse paciente com a sociedade e com ele próprio; Artigo 2 - Os resultados desse estudo tornam visíveis as necessidades de atenção aos aspectos emocionais dos adolescentes portadores de doenças crônicas, de forma a subsidiar ações mais efetivas na área de saúde mental, visando à melhor qualidade de vida e ao tratamento global do paciente asmático.

Avaliação da fadiga em pacientes com artrite reumatoide e sua relação com qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e atividade de doença

Fadiga é um sintoma subjetivo de difícil definição. Extremamente comum em pacientes com Artrite Reumatoide. O objetivo deste estudo é estudar a fadiga numa amostra de pacientes brasileiros de dois hospitais de grande porte na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e analisar sua correlação com outras variáveis freqüentes da doença como a Qualidade de Vida, Capacidade Funcional, Ansiedade, Depressão e atividade inflamatória da doença.Um protocolo padrão foi prospectivamente aplicado a 371 pacientes como diagnóstico de AR de acordo com os critérios de classificação do American College of Rheumatology de 1987. Achados clínicos, demograficos e laboratoriais foram coletados.Os dados laboratoriais incluíram a velocidade de sedimentação das hemácias e dosagem da proteína C reativa. O número de juntas dolorosas foi obtido atraves do terceiro item do questionário de atividade inflamatória da doença DAS 28. Idade, gênero, índice de massa corporal, tempo de doença, qualidade de vida avaliada pelos domínios físico e mental do questionário Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36P e SF-36M), a capacidade funcional avaliada pelo Health Assessment Questionaire - Disability Index (HAQ DI). A ansiedade e a depressão foi mensurada pelo Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD a/d). A fadiga foi avaliada pela utilização da subscalaprópria para mensuração das queixas de fadiga do questionário Fatigue Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (Facit FS). Foi aplicado o intervalo de confiança de 95% como medida de precisão. O valor médio de fadiga mensurado pelo Facit FS foi 39.88 8.64. O escore da fadiga correlacionou-se com capacidade funcional mensurada pelo HAQ DI (-0.507; p < 0.0000), a ansiedade e depressão mensurada pelo HAD a/d (-0.542 e -0.545; p < 0.0000 respectivamente) e com a qualidade de vida mensuradapor ambos domínios do SF-36, porém predominantemente com o seu domínio físico (SF-36P: 0.584; p < 0.0000 e 0.405; p < 0,05 respectivamente).Não encontramos associação com a velocidade de sedimentação das hemácias (-0.118; p < 0.05), da proteína C reativa (-0.089), da atividade de doença mensurada pelo DAS 28 (-0.250; p < 0.0000) ou com o número de juntas dolorosas (-0.135; p < 0.009). Nesta amostra de pacientes com Artrite reumatoide, sugerimos um novo significado para a fadiga, como um parâmetro independente, não relacionado a atividade inflamatória da doença ou ao número de juntas dolorosas. A fadiga mostrou-se associada principalmente a incapacidade funcional e a sintomas de ansiedade. Estudos adicionais e a adoção de métodos padronizados para seu monitoramento e manejo clínico são necessáriospara melhor compreensão da fadiga. A fadiga mostrou ser uma queixa importante em pelo menos 1/3 dos pacientes de AR da amostra.

心理干预对癌症病人生活质量和免疫功能作用的研究

A set of tools of clinical psychological intervention for cancer patients had been composed for the first time in the form of a manual with three tapes and some pictures. The cancer patients during chemotherapy were treated by psychological intervention via the tools in group and individual therapy. QLQ-C30, POMS-SF and DWI-CI were first recommended and used as indicators for measuring the results of QoL, emotion and coping method in cancer patients in Chinese mainland. NK cell activity and IgG、IgM, IgA were used to measure the immune function. 120 cancer chemotherapy patients were randomly assigned to one of four conditions formed by a 2 (pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy) *2 (experimental and control group) factorial design. The effect of psychological intervention on quality of life and immune function for cancer patients was investigated as well as the mediate role of coping method and personality and their factors. The efficiency of the tools was verified. The major conclusive results drawn out from the study were: 1. After treated by psychological intervention for three months, the status of quality of life and the symptoms of the patients during the chemotherapy was improved accompanying with the increase of immune parameters, especially the NK cell activity. The influential way of the factors, which effected on the effect of psychological intervention on the quality of life, immune parameters and coping methods, was synthetic. There was obvious mutual effects among the factors. 2. The patients of experimental group used more the active behavior, more the active cognition and less the avoidance coping method than those in control group. 3. The results of measurement showed that the personality of the caner patients was of obvious concealing and hiding. 4. Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30(QLQ-C30) was suitable for the cancer patients with great efficiency in Chinese mainland although the scale of SF needed to be revised in the light of Chinese culture.

The use of transvaginal synthetic mesh for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair: a randomized controlled trial

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of transvaginal trocar-guided polypropylene mesh insertion with traditional colporrhaphy for treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse.This is a randomized controlled trial in which women with advanced anterior vaginal wall prolapse, at least stage II with Ba a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand+1 cm according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) classification, were randomly assigned to have either anterior colporrhaphy (n = 39) or repair using trocar-guided transvaginal mesh (n = 40). the primary outcome was objective cure rate of the anterior compartment (point Ba) assessed at the 12-month follow-up visit, with stages 0 and I defined as anatomical success. Secondary outcomes included quantification of other vaginal compartments (POP-Q points), comparison of quality of life by the prolapse quality of life (P-QOL) questionnaire, and complication rate between the groups after 1 year. Study power was fixed as 80 % with 5 % cutoff point (p < 0.05) for statistical significance.The groups were similar regarding demographic and clinical preoperative parameters. Anatomical success rates for colporrhaphy and repair with mesh placement groups were 56.4 vs 82.5 % (95 % confidence interval 0.068-0.54), respectively, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.018). Similar total complication rates were observed in both groups, with tape exposure observed in 5 % of the patients. There was a significant improvement in all P-QOL domains as a result of both procedures (p < 0.001), but they were not distinct between groups (p > 0.05).Trocar-guided transvaginal synthetic mesh for advanced anterior POP repair is associated with a higher anatomical success rate for the anterior compartment compared with traditional colporrhaphy. Quality of life equally improved after both techniques. However, the trial failed to detect differences in P-QOL scores and complication rates between the groups.