Sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econ��mica da cadeia produtiva do leite: desafios e perspectivas.

Cap. 1. Extens��o rural e a viabilidade econ��mica da produ����o de leite familiar no Sul do Brasil: conceitos aplicados e resultados obtidos na atua����o da Cooperideal; Cap. 2. Falta m��o de obra na ro��a (E vai faltar cada vez mais); Cap. 3. Sucess��o e heran��a na propriedade rural leiteira; Cap. 4. Importancia de los l��cteos en la nutrici��n humana; Cap. 5. Bacterias probi��ticas en productos l��cteos fermentados; Cap. 6. T��picos avan��ados em reprodu����o de bovinos leiteiros; Cap. 7. Reaproveitamento de ��gua residu��ria em sistemas de produ����o de leite; Cap. 8. GISLEITE: um sistema computacional para a gest��o de sistemas de produ����o de leite; Cap. 9. Uma vis��o internacional da sustentabilidade na pecu��ria leiteira; Cap. 10. Indicadores de sustentabilidade e gest��o ambiental na agropecu��ria brasileira - aplica����es na intensifica����o ecol��gica da produ����o leiteira Cap. 11. Pesquisar para conhecer e crescer na produ����o do leite; Cap. 12. Fundamentos e perspectivas do desenvolvimento sustent��vel e do uso de indicadores de sustentabilidade em propriedades leiteiras; Cap. 13. L��cteos naturalmente enriquecidos com ��cidos graxos ben��ficos �� sa��de; Cap. 14. Terap��utica de precis��o e suas perspectivas em um pa��s de pecu��ria heterog��nea; Cap. 15. Novos produtos para a ind��stria de latic��nios; Cap. 16. A sustentabilidade da bovinocultura de leite: a perspectiva do sistema de proteção ambiental; Cap. 17. Sistemas de integra����o lavoura-pecu��ria-floresta como alternativa para produ����o pecu��ria leiteira sustent��vel em ��reas declivosas; Cap. 18. Technical assistance for agricultural development, a review of international experiences with focus on dairy; Cap. 19. Boas pr��ticas na produ����o leiteira.

A evolu����o da pr��tica ambiental em empresas ind��striais: algumas considera����es sobre o estado-atual-da-arte e o caso brasileiro

O objetivo desse trabalho �� estudar a evolu����o das formas de incorpora����o da dimens��o ambiental nas atividades empresariais industriais, particularmente no que se refere �� identifica����o, caracteriza����o e an��lise das pr��ticas administrativas e operacionais das empresas consistentes com as fases t��picas da preocupa����o ambiental de suas respostas e suas responsabilidades internas. Para a caracteriza����o desse objetivo, procurou-se elaborar um modelo te��rico que identificasse as diversas propostas que as empresas podem adotar frente �� dimens��o ambiental. Na labora����o desse modelo, verificou-se que as empresas industriais e suas rela����es com as press��es e os problemas ambientais t��m apresentado os seguintes padr��es: o n��o atendimento ��s press��es e aos problemas ou a ignor��ncia acerca deles abriga uma posi����o de n��o-conformidade; o atendimento ��s press��es e aos problemas ap��s seu surgimento confere uma postura reativa; a empresa que est�� em transi����o processa sua resposta concomitante ao surgimento das press��es e problemas; a proativa antecipa solu����es dentro de um quadro de preocupa����es mais amplo e de longo prazo, buscando neutralizar as amea��as ao mesmo tempo que procura capturar benef��cios de um tratamento adequado ao meio ambiente. Um n��vel ainda mais superior que este ��ltimo emergiria como decorr��ncia da evolu����o da rela����o press��o/resposta e das percep����es, conceitos e pr��ticas envolvidos nessa rela����o. O n��vel de resposta mais superior, que poder��amos denominar de "sustent��vel e respons��vel", se tornar�� poss��vel na medida em que ir�� se pautar fundamentalmente com base no pacto de gera����es, cumprindo os objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustent��vel que, em seu sentido mais amplo, visa promover a harmonia entre os seres humanos e entre a humanidade e a natureza.

Gest��o ambiental na ind��stria da sa��de no Brasil : a gest��o da cadeira produtiva em favor da sustentabilidade ambiental

As organiza����es de assist��ncia �� sa��de t��m sido pressionadas por melhoras no gerenciamento de res��duos e outros aspectos ambientais. O setor sa��de movimenta cerca de 6% do PIB nacional e se constitui um importante consumidor de insumos e recursos naturais, gerando impactos, tanto na presta����o da assist��ncia, quanto ao longo da cadeia de fornecedores de produtos e servi��os. No Brasil, as a����es desse segmento na ��rea ambiental t��m se revelado ainda bastante t��midas, situa����o agravada pela falta de recursos e de conhecimento. No entanto, observamos que existe grande procura por servi��os de tratamento para os res��duos perigosos de servi��os de sa��de, em grande parte motivada pelas exig��ncias legais que recaem sobre essa atividade. Infelizmente, medidas menos onerosas e mais racionais, envolvendo redu����o, reciclagem ou elimina����o de res��duos s��o pouco difundidas, a identifica����o das fontes de riscos e impactos �� bastante falha e os estabelecimentos de sa��de contam com pouca colabora����o dos fornecedores para reconhecer e encontrar solu����es para esses problemas. Quanto aos agentes financiadores do sistema de sa��de, assim como os consumidores diretos, ou seja, a pr��pria popula����o, n��o parecem se dispor a diferenciar os servi��os que invistam no meio ambiente, menos ainda pagar por eventuais custos adicionais. O objetivo geral deste trabalho �� identificar possibilidades para aplica����o de conceitos e t��cnicas de gerenciamento de cadeias produtivas (Supply Chain Management) na melhoria do desempenho ambiental da ind��stria da sa��de no Brasil. Para isso, realizamos uma an��lise do setor sa��de, incluindo sua origem, evolu����o e a estrutura atual cadeia produtiva do complexo industrial da sa��de tendo como n��vel focal os prestadores e suas rela����es com os n��veis acima e abaixo, visando identificar aspectos que favore��am ou dificultem o desenvolvimento de melhorias no desempenho ambiental do setor, dentro de um conceito de desenvolvimento sustent��vel. Esta pesquisa foi complementada com a an��lise de alguns dos modelos e ferramentas de gest��o ambiental empresarial tais como: an��lise de ciclo de vida, sele����o de fornecedores (���green purchasing���), gest��o da qualidade total ambiental e produ����o mais limpa, assim como e com duas experi��ncias internacionais de sucesso, o projeto ���Health Care Without Harm��� e o ���Hospitals for a Health Environment���. Conclu��mos com uma sugest��o de que, tanto modelos e ferramentas, como as experi��ncias bem sucedidas, s��o relacionados �� coopera����o e integra����o ao longo da cadeia produtiva e que outros estudos s��o necess��rios para subsidiar a aplica����o dessas ferramentas e estabelecer modelos para o desenvolvimento integrado da sustentabilidade ambiental no setor sa��de no Brasil.

Normas abertas e regras no licenciamento ambiental

Nos ��ltimos 15 anos, o licenciamento ambiental transformou-se num dos maiores desafios regulat��rios do Estado brasileiro. Al��m de ser apontado como um processo ineficiente, burocr��tico e inibidor de novos investimentos p��blicos e privados, o licenciamento ambiental passou a ser caracterizado, inclusive pelos pr��prios ��rg��os licenciadores, como um instrumento crescentemente sem efetividade para a proteção do meio ambiente. Esta disserta����o tem como objetivo verificar se as falhas do licenciamento ambiental federal (falta de efici��ncia e falta de efetividade) est��o de alguma maneira relacionadas �� forma como o Estado brasileiro est�� organizado para a cria����o e reformula����o de suas normas ambientais. A partir de uma an��lise econ��mica do grau de precis��o das normas jur��dicas, construiu-se um modelo te��rico para avaliar a atua����o do Congresso Nacional, do Poder Judici��rio e do CONAMA em torno do licenciamento ambiental federal. Os desvios institucionais encontrados apontam para a necessidade de reformas envolvendo, sobretudo, a reparti����o de compet��ncias normativas dos ��rg��os ambientais e o processo de produ����o normativa no CONAMA.

O processo de licenciamento de empreendimentos de infraestrutura no Brasil: estudo de caso da interven����o ambiental no setor el��trico

A ado����o da modelagem institucional de governan��a do processo de avalia����o ambiental norte-americano, centrada na figura da ag��ncia l��der, dever�� demandar a edi����o de uma lei formal, prevendo o referido arranjo jur��dico-institucional, na forma de uma moldura (framework) adapt��vel ��s necessidades especificas e peculiaridades de cada setor da Administra����o. Dessa forma, a referida lei formal funcionaria como uma norma geral, e como tal poderia ser complementada pela legisla����o infralegal, que viria a estabelecer as disposi����es especificas para dar efetividade ao instituo da ag��ncia l��der nos setores em que seja desej��vel e oportuna a implanta����o do mesmo, a crit��rio da Administra����o. Destarte, a atua����o do Poder Legislativo estaria restrita �� introdu����o ao sistema jur��dico dom��stico do instituto estrangeiro, estabelecendo apenas seus contornos b��sicos, cabendo �� Administra����o a avalia����o da oportunidade e conveni��ncia da escolha dos setores espec��ficos, do estabelecimento dos contornos normativos e do momento da efetiva regulamenta����o concreta do instituto.

Caracteriza����o batim��trica e fisicooceanogr��fica do canal de acesso ao porto de Cabedelo/PB: uma an��lise ambiental ao derrame de ��leo

The State of Para��ba is one of the most dynamic states of Brazil, strategically located in the northeast, is notable for the excellent potential for integration of different transportation modes forming the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Alagoas. The dynamic that occurs with port activity causes changes in the space where it is installed. And the elements of this space are always more than suffering direct or indirect influences as the flow in the port is expanded. Therefore, this region became subject to the accidental spillage of oil, because it presents a heavy traffic of ships of various sizes that can run aground or collide with oil causing accidental events. The study of geomorphological and sedimentological compositions of seafloor becomes important as more is known about the relationships between these parameters and associated fauna, and can identify their preferred habitats. The database background, acoustically collected along the proposed study area, is a wealth of information, which were duly examined, cataloged and made available. Such information can serve as an important tool, providing a geomorphological survey of the sedimentary area studied, and come to subsidize, in a flexible, future decision making. With the study area Port of Cabedelo, Para��ba - Brazil, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of the tidal surface and background in modeling the seabed, including the acquisition of information about the location of submerged rocky bodies and the depth of these bodies may turn out to be natural traps for the trapping of oil in case of leaks, and obtain the relationship between types of bed and the hydrodynamic conditions present in the region. In this context, for this study were collected bathymetric data (depth) and physical oceanographic (height of water column, water temperature, intensity and direction of currents, waves and turbidity), meteorological (rainfall, air temperature, humidity, winds and barometric pressure) of the access channel to the Port of Cabedelo / PB and its basin evolution (where the cruise ships dock), and includes tools of remote sensing (Landsat 7 ETM +, 2001), so that images and the results are integrated into Geographic Information Systems and used in the elaboration of measures aimed at environmental protection areas under the influence of this scale facilities, serving as a grant to prepare a contingency plan in case of oil spills in the region. The main findings highlight the techniques of using hydroacoustic data acquisition together bathymetric surveys of high and low frequency. From there, five were prepared in bathymetric pattern of Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation - DHN, with the depth in meters, on a scale of 1:2500 (Channel and Basin Evolution of Access to Port of Cabedelo), where there is a large extent possible beachrocks that hinder the movement of vessels in the port area, which can cause collisions, running aground and leaking oil. From the scatter diagram of the vectors of currents, it can be seen as the tidal stream and undergoes a channeling effect caused by the bidirectional effect of the tide (ebb and flood) in the basin of the Port of Cabedelo evolution in NW-direction SE and the highest speed of the currents occurs at low tide. The characterization weather for the period from 28/02 to 04/07/2010 values was within the expected average for the region of study. The multidisciplinary integration of products (digital maps and remote sensing images), proved to be efficient for the characterization of underwater geomorphological study area, reaching the aim to discriminate and enhance submerged structures, previously not visible in the images

Os instrumentos de incentivo �� produ����o e uso de biodiesel no Brasil: uma an��lise constitucional sob o princ��pio do desenvolvimento sustent��vel

The recent insertion of biodiesel derived from oily vegetables in the Brazilian energetic matrix calls for the study of some aspects that belong to it. The analysis of the carbonized energetic pattern concerns the paradigm of economic development that is constitutionally enshrined sustainable development which make environmental protection compatible with the needs of the economic rationality. This text is structured according to the ideas of modern hermeneutic that sees substantial value in the principles capable of create a harmonious relationship between law and society. The study of the constitutional principles to conduct a legal analysis about the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel - PNPB. The aim of the research is the study of PNPB ahead with the constitutional principles governing the economic order. To achieve this end we studied the sustainable development as a constitutional principle. We start with the notion that the thematic principles, and fundamental to understanding the dimension of sustainable development institute, since its concept is closely related to the applications of the principles enshrined in virtually all the constitutional order of the Western world. Then this was the National Energy Policy, initiating the approach by guiding principles of the National Energy Policy to develop the theme of public policy in the energy sector. Therefore, we studied the National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use - PNPB. From a technical introduction to the concept of biodiesel and a brief historical background, analyzing their advantages compared to fossil fuels predominantly used. Then it became a regulatory overview of the Brazilian legislation on the subject, central to understanding the plans and objectives pursued by the Brazilian government with encouraging the production of biodiesel. Finally discussed the tax incentives for production and use of biodiesel in Brazil. From the idea of federalism, characterized the tax as an instrument of state intervention in the economy. And finally it brought the tax incentives of Law No. 11.116/2005 in the face of the constitutional principles of economy and tax, and tax incentives from projects related to the Kyoto Protocol

O dumping ambiental no setor sucroalcooleiro �� luz do princ��pio da livre concorr��ncia

The goal of this study is to investigate about the existence or absence of environmental dumping in the production of fuel ethanol in Brazil, as well as identifying the reasons why the figure of ecological dumping is pernicious to the principles enumerated in constitutional economic order, in particular the principle of free competition. In the twenty-first century environmental issues gained momentum and importance in these terms, which was seen as a mere fallacy given the concern of governments of various countries, after all, environmental protection shows up as the only means of bringing about the maintenance of life at planet. Indeed, it is essential to halt the drastic effects of climate change, and think fast and efficient solutions. Undoubtedly, the contemporary requirements that resulted in the transition to a new economy brings with it the duty of enterprise search for sustainability, and this behavior can not be passive, otherwise it is imperative to work hard and incessant economic agents, even if initially costs are high, this step will ensure a production accountable, transparent and free from accusations of environmental degradation. It is also intended to study the importance of the sector not only as a source of economic growth, but mainly, its contribution to national development, without forgetting that this is devoted in the Constitution of 1988 as one of the objectives of the Federative Republic of Brazil. In fact, the criticism most common perceptions about the production of biofuels, said the interests of the countries producing them in large scale, will eventually generate a exhaustion of soil and a significant increase in food prices. However, the ethanol produced in Brazil is unique in that it is produced from cane sugar, a product is not intended for human or animal, not to mention that the recovery of land just to the rotation with the planting other cultures. It is expected that environmental certifications are useful to demonstrate the quality of ethanol for export and to refute unfounded criticism. Finally, this study will be analyzed further solutions for the plants to develop an economic activity without damaging the environment and in compliance with Brazilian law

Educa����o ambiental: media����es sociais e pol��ticas e a indol��ncia do Poder P��blico �� sua inclus��o no ensino formal

As a result of the prediction of irreversible changes on necessary conditions to maintain life, including human, on the planet, environmental education got the spotlight in the political scenario, due to social pressure for the development of individual and collective values, knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences towards environmental preservation. In Brazil, only in 1999 the right for environmental education was officially granted to people, having the status of essential and permanent component in the country s education. Since then, it has been Government s duty, in each federal branch, to plan actions to make it happen, in an articulate way in all levels and modalities of the education process, both formally and informally. This work of research has environmental education in the school as subject matter, and aims on analyzing social and political mediations established between this National Environmental Education policy and the contexts associated to the legislative production process, the political nature of the conceptions about environmental education that underlie Law 9.795/99 (Brazil, 2009c) and also Rio Grande do Norte Government s actions and omissions related to the imperative nature of the insertion of environmental education in the schools ran by the state, during the ten years this law has been in force. The investigation of the subject matter was led by a social and historical understanding of the social and environmental phenomena, as well as of the education system as a whole, considering that only through a dialectical view we can see the real world, by destroying the pseudo-concreteness that surrounds the topic. While analyzing, we assumed that in face of the dominance of a social organization in which market regulations rule on environmental ones, by developing individual and collective critical conscience, environmental education can become a threat to dominant economical interests in exploiting natural resources. The results of this research suggest that as an educational practice to be developed in an integrated, continuous and permanent fashion in all levels and modalities of formal education, environmental education has not yet come to pass in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, due to the neglect and disrespect of the government when facing the need of promoting the necessary and legally appointed measures to make it present in the basic education provided by the state. The legislators silence when it comes to approving a regulation on environmental education essential to define policies, rules and criteria to teaching the subject in the state and the omission from the public administration regarding critical actions in order to integrate in public schools the activities related to the National Environmental Education Policy, represent a political decision for not doing anything, despite the legal demand for an active position. This neglecting attitude for the actualizing of strategically concrete actions, urgent and properly planned for the implementation of environmental education in schools in a multidisciplinary way, exposes the lack of interest the predominant classes have in such kind of education being made available, as it could be developed based on a critic political view, becoming a political and educational action against dominance. When analyzing the basic principles and fundamental goals in Law 9.795/99 (Brazil, 2009c) the development of a critic environmental education is really possible and concurs with the National Environmental Education Policy, reflecting the social and political mediations established between this public policy and the contexts associated to its legislative production process, which are responsible for approving a regulation which also represents the mind of the people about environmental protection above anything else

Novas ferramentas para monitoramento ambiental usando SIG Web

The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has becoming very important in fields where detailed and precise study of earth surface features is required. Applications in environmental protection are such an example that requires the use of GIS tools for analysis and decision by managers and enrolled community of protected areas. In this specific field, a challenge that remains is to build a GIS that can be dynamically fed with data, allowing researchers and other agents to recover actual and up to date information. In some cases, data is acquired in several ways and come from different sources. To solve this problem, some tools were implemented that includes a model for spatial data treatment on the Web. The research issues involved start with the feeding and processing of environmental control data collected in-loco as biotic and geological variables and finishes with the presentation of all information on theWeb. For this dynamic processing, it was developed some tools that make MapServer more flexible and dynamic, allowing data uploading by the proper users. Furthermore, it was also developed a module that uses interpolation to aiming spatial data analysis. A complex application that has validated this research is to feed the system with data coming from coral reef regions located in northeast of Brazil. The system was implemented using the best interactivity concept provided by the AJAX model and resulted in a substantial contribution for efficiently accessing information, being an essential mechanism for controlling events in the environmental monitoring

Proposta de zoneamento ambiental visando a proteção dos recursos h��dricos de uma bacia hidrogr��fica

One of the most important natural resources for sustaining human life, water, has been losing the basic requirements of quality and quantity sufficient enough to attend the population due to water contamination'problems, often caused by human beings themselves. Because of this, the sources of this resource are often located in remote places of the natural environment to ensure the quality of the water. However, when urban expansion began to occupy these areas, which were once regarded as distant, environmental pollution problems began to occur due to occupation of the land without planning. Based on this occurrence, this study aims to propose environmental zoning for the Maxaranguape river watershed in order to protect its water resources. This is important because this river can serve as a source of supply for the metropolitan area of Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte. In accordance to this proposition, the model of natural soil loss vulnerability (CREPANI et al., 2001), the model of aquifer pollution vulnerability (FOSTER et al., 2006), and the legal incompatibility map (CREPANI et al., 2001) were used to delimit the zones. All this was done with Geographic Information System (GIS) and also created a geographic database update of the basin. The results of the first model mentioned indicated that 63.67% of the basin was classified as moderately stable / vulnerable, 35.66% as moderately vulnerable, and 0.67% as vulnerable. The areas with high vulnerability degree correspond with sand dunes and river channels areas. The second model indicated that 2.84% of the basin has low vulnerability, 70.27%) has median vulnerability, and 26.76% and 0.13% has high vulnerability and extreme vulnerability, respectively. The areas with the highest vulnerability values also refer to part of the sand dunes and river channels besides other areas such as Pureza urban area. The legal incompatibility map indicated that the basin has 85.02 km2 of Permanent Protection Area (PPA) and 14.62% of this area has some incongruity of use. Based on these results it was possible to draw three main zones: Protection and Sustainable Use Zone (PSUZ), Protection and Environmental Restoration Zone (PERZ) and Environmental Control Zone, which are divided into A, B and C. The PSUZ refer to the coastal areas of the basin, where the sand dunes are located. These sites should be areas of environmental protection and of sustainable urban expansion. The ZPRA refer to river channels, which are in high need of rehabilitation. The third zone corresponds to the rest of the basin which should have, in general, the mapping of possible sources of contamination for further control on the use and occupation of the river

Fungos gasteroides (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) de tr��s ��reas de semi��rido no Estado do Cear��, Brasil

Gasteroid fungi include several distinct lineages of basidiomycetes that were grouped by presenting some striking features in common like angiocarpic development and passive release of basidiospores. For a long period these fungi were accomodate in Gasteromycetes class. However, biochemistry and molecular studies showed the polyphyly of this group and curriently this class lies devoid of taxonomic value. These organisms influence the ecology of the various biomes, however, are poorly studied and knowledge of their diversity in neotropical ecosystems remains insufficient, despite studies that have been developed in recent years. The Brazilian semiarid region has many areas with an unexplored mycobiota. Cear�� State has many areas of extreme biological importance and for this study three protected areas were chosen: ��rea de Proteção Ambiental da Serra da Ibiapaba, Parque Nacional de Ubajara and ��rea de Proteção Ambiental de Baturit��. Therefore, the aim of this study was to inventory gasteroid fungi ocorring in these three areas in the semiarid region of Cear��. The expeditions, herborization and analysis of specimes were based in traditional methodology used to identify gasteroid fungi. Were identified 16 species belong to 5 families: Agaricaceae, Clathraceae, Geastraceae, Nidulariceae and Phallaceae. Morganella nuda Alfredo & Baseia is recorded for the second time in the world, Blumenavia angolensis (Welw. & Curr) Dring and Mutinus elegans (Mont.) E. Fisch. corresponds to a first record in the Brazilian Northeastern. Except for Abrachium floriforme (Baseia & Calonge) Baseia & T.S. Cabral and Geastrum lloydianum Rick, all remaining species are new records for Cear��, increasing the list of gasteroid fungi in the region of 3 for 17 species. Identified species were deposited in the collection of the Herbarium of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Although these areas have proved conducive to the study of gasteroid fungi, more efforts are still needed to increase knowledge of these fungi in the region

An��lise ambiental e de sustentabilidade do Estado do Amazonas

Incluye Bibliograf��a

Reforma agr��ria e desenvolvimento sustent��vel: aspectos obrigacionais e instrumentos legais de proteção

P��s-gradua����o em Direito - FCHS

A atua����o do assistente social como educador ambiental nos Projetos de Trabalho T��cnico Social (PTTS)

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)