847 resultados para Propriedades mecânicas
Resumo:
Modificações na composição química e no processamento termomecânico têm sido algumas das várias alternativas estudadas, para melhorar o desempenho de ligas de alumínio tradicionais. Neste trabalho foi modificada a composição de uma liga Al-Mn-Mg do tipo AA 3104, endurecível por deformação, adicionando-se diversos teores de zinco, transformando-a numa liga Al-Mn-Mg(Zn), endurecível por precipitação. O objetivo foi estudar e quantificar os efeitos do zinco sobre o processamento termomecânico e as propriedades mecânicas da liga modificada. Ligas com teores de zinco entre 0,03 a 1,52% foram fundidas e processadas obtendo-se um encruamento semelhante a condição H-19 industrial, denominada rota R. Ligas com teores de zinco entre 1,14 a 2,17% foram fundidas e processadas segundo três diferentes rotas: na rota S, o recozimento da rota R foi substituído por solubilização antes da laminação a frio; nas rotas E3H e E6H, as tiras laminadas a frio foram envelhecidas em dois estágios: 121°C por três horas para as duas rotas, mais três horas para a rota E3H e seis para a rota EH a 163°. A tensão de escoamento (SIGMA IND E) e a resistência à tração (SIGMA IND T) para a rota R aumentaram da ordem de 18% e 19% respectivamente, com o aumento do teor de zinco, enquanto o alongamento (E) permaneceu em torno de 4,5%. As propriedades mecânicas (SIGMA IND E SIGMA T E ) AUMENTARAM EM TORNO DE 25%, 31% E 27%, respectivamente, para a rota S. Considerando concentrações aproximadamente iguais de zinco, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas para (SIGMA E SIGMA T), entre as rotas R E S, no entanto, a rota S apresentou alongamento médio maior que a rota R da ordem 44%. Os menores valores de (SIGMA IND E SIGMA IND T) e os maiores valores de E foram obtidos para a rota E6H.
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This work has in its outline the analysis of the mechanical properties of the composition of plastic residues, denominated “plastic wood”, aiming at establishing technical parameters for application of this material in substitution to the natural wood. Plastic-Wood is basically, a combination of several kind of plastic, previously selected, washed, dried and without metallic particles, which are agglomerated, extruded or introduced into a mold. The manufacturer can choose different formats and colors. During this monograph it can be observed the use of several kind of plastic, their mechanical properties and the plastic-wood production process. Also are presented features and applications of natural wood, in order to better compare their uses in several applications
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Atualmente, as pesquisas acadêmicas e industriais não estão voltadas apenas para a descoberta de novos fármacos, mas também para novas maneiras de administração de medicamentos pretendendo obter melhores ações farmacológicas alem de reduzir efeitos colaterais. Partindo deste pressuposto, estudos demonstram que inúmeras moléculas podem ser incorporadas a polímeros híbridos orgânico-inorgânico preparados pelo processo sol-gel, assim pretende-se estudar a possibilidade de sua aplicação no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de liberação controlada de fármacos na forma de implantes subcutâneos. As matrizes hibridas para serem implantadas devem, necessariamente, ser estéreis. Para isto este trabalho analisa a interação entre o processo de esterilização e uma provável alteração estrutural nestes polímeros. A esterilização por calor úmido em autoclave e a esterilização por radiação gama foram escolhidas para analisar a correlação entre alteração estrutural do hibrido e o processo de eliminação de microorganismos. Outro aspecto que levamos em consideração foi a melhora das características mecânicas das matrizes poliméricas confeccionadas com poli óxido etileno de peso molecular 1900 (POE 1900) e poli óxido propileno de peso molecular 400 (POP 400). Para serem implantadas estas matrizes devem estar uniformes, e não podem trincar ou quebrar antes ou após a implantação. Considerando estes fatores foi adicionado as amostras um agente plastificante, o álcool polivinílico (PVA), na tentativa de melhorar estas características
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The study of mechanical properties of high-alloy special steels is of great interest of the steel industry due to the great demand by companies that manufacture automotive components of high criticality, and also because of its high commercial value. However, the development of this type of alloy metals demand highly technical knowledge. Among these extremely important kinds of steel, the subject which is the interest of this study is the special steel modified by niobium. The manganese and niobium are the main alloying elements in the composition of these steels, both of them increase the stability of the austenite region, however, manganese increases the hardenability and tensile yield strength, and niobium increases the mechanical strength and promotes refining the grain. The mechanical characterization of steel SAE 1312 modified the niobium was made in order to gain a better understanding of the influence on the mechanical properties caused by aging at different temperatures and for different reductions in the drawing of gauge material. This characterization was made by means of tensile test and hardness. This material showed an increase in yield strength and hardness when gauge with large reductions during the wiredrawing, but when subjected to aging temperatures higher than 300 ° C had a slight loss of these properties
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In this work a study about the mechanical properties of the API 5L X70 steel, with or without heat treating, has been made, with the intetion of assess the influence of cooling after the austenitization heat treating by air cooling (normalizing) and a rapid cooling with oil (tempering). This steel is known by high strength and ductility values and it is commonly used in the manufacture of oil pipes. The growing energy demand encouraged the study and manufacture of this material. Although this microalloyed dispense subsequent heat treatings, it was proven that its implementation is very advantageous for this type of application, improving hardness and plastic stability. It was also assessed that the faster the cooling rate is, the better will be these properties
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Hybrid composites combining metal plates and laminates with continuous fiber reinforced polymer, called fiber-metal (CHMF), have been particularly attractive for aerospace applications, due mainly to their high mechanical strength and stiffness associated with low density. These laminates (CHMF) consist of a sandwich structure consisting of layers of polymer composites and metal plates, stacked alternately. This setting allows you to combine the best mechanical performance of polymer composites reinforced with long fibers, to the high toughness of metals. Environmental effects should always be considered in the design of structural components, because these materials in applications are submitted to the effects of moisture in the atmosphere, the large cyclical variations of temperature around 82 ° C to -56 ° C, and high effort mechanical. The specimens of fibermetal composite were prepared at EMBRAER with titanium plates and laminates of carbon fiber/epoxy resin. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different environmental conditions (water immersion, hygrothermal chamber and thermal shock) of laminate hybrid titanium/carbon fiber/epoxy resin. The effects of conditioning were evaluated by interlaminar shear tests - ILSS, tensile, and vibration free
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Seeking to meet the requirements: relatively low cost of materials and wide applicability in the automotive industry. The best option was the steel Dual Phase (DP), because that is lighter, have high formability, meet the cost requirements and applicability, steel Dual Phase (DP) came to meet these requirements with its two-phase microstructure, ferrite and martensite microstructure who claim to respect and mechanical properties. In this context, the aim of this study was to correlate the microstructure revealed in metallography to the mechanical properties observed in hardness and tensile tests. The microstructure is revealed by etching in 2% nital and then captured images of the sample were processed in ImageJ software to aid in determining the volume fraction of the phases present. Therefore, the mechanical properties were evaluated with respect to volume fraction of the steel layers and analyzed DP 600 together with the mechanical properties obtained by Rockwell hardness test and tensile test. With the values of the mechanical properties calculated and tested, it was possible to describe the method of metallography, as the attack phase and counts, so that it can use this relationship tested/calculated property as a qualitative analytical tool. The method used for the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties confirmed the importance of the phases present in the Dual Phase steel to obtain the desired mechanical properties in the application of the steel
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pressure vessels are equipments that require a great care because of their high cost and human life risk in case of fail, and its fabrication methods are different for each manufacturer. Normally, pressure vessels and its parts are fabricated by welding, which may change local properties of metals. The head of a pressure vessel is a very important structural component and it is fabricated by welding and mechanical conformation. Because its excellent mechanical properties, de steel A-516 Grade 70 is often used in manufacturing of large pressure vessels that are subjected to high pressure and temperature, but was verified that its mechanical resistance is decreased when submitted to a tension relief heat treatment. By experience it was defined that before mechanical conformation of the head of a large pressure vessel, the steel should be submitted to a stress relief heat treatment in order to facilitate the mechanical conformation, but there is no quantitative analysis to prove this method and study its possible risks. In the present work the steel A-516 Grade 70 demonstrated a decrease of its mechanical resistance when submitted to a stress relief heat treatment, but keeping above the minimum limit defined in the literature. By other side its ductility was substantially increased, being possible to deduce that the stress relief heat treatment before mechanical conformation is a viable e recommended technique, but with reservations. With the data acquired during the fabrication e preparation of the specimen and the result of the tests, it was possible to elaborate a welding procedure that provides the same results obtained in this present work
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEB