Creating Local Institutional Arrangements for Sustainable Wetland Socio-ecological Systems: Lessons from the ‘Striking a Balance’ Project in Malawi

Wetland socio-ecological systems provide livelihood benefits for many poor people throughout the developing world, yet their sustainable development requires local utilisation strategies that balance both environmental and development outcomes. Community-based local institutional arrangements that mediate peoples’ relationships with their environment and facilitate adaptive co-management offer one means of achieving this, and increasingly many NGOs and development practitioners have sought to integrate local institutional capacity-building into development projects. In the context of wider academic debates surrounding the long-term sustainability of externally-facilitated local institutions, this paper draws on the experiences of the three-year Striking a Balance (SAB) project in Malawi which sought to embed sustainable wetland management practices within community-based local institutional arrangements. Drawing on field data collected through participatory methods at three project sites some five years after the cessation of project activities, we examine the extent to which SAB’s local institutional capacity-building has been successful, and from this draw some lessons for externally-driven project interventions which seek win-win outcomes for people and the environment. With reference to Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for long-enduring common property resource institutions, we suggest that the observed declining effectiveness of SAB’s local institutions can be attributed to issues of stakeholder inclusiveness and representations; their sustainability was arguably compromised from their inception on account of them being nested within pre-existing, externally-driven village ‘clubs’ whose membership and decision-making was not congruent with all the wetland stakeholders within the community.

Understanding the Patient Experience Through the Power of Film: a Mixed Method Qualitative Research Project

Film is a highly attractive teaching instrument for the study of different terminal diseases, exploring bioethics (Beauchamp and Childress, 2009) and is a preferred medium over traditional lectures (Edmunds, 2013) to provide realistic examples for adult learners. It can tap into ethical issues; facilitate decision-making; and examine underlying issues such as euthanasia; assisted suicide; and professional responsibility. Contrast this with standard means of teaching, such as scenarios- although a useful pedagogic tool, these are limited because students must imagine the clinical scenario. Film can fill that imaginative gap (Volandes, 2007). It can be utilised as an active teaching strategy for a variety of topics in nursing (Edmunds, 2013) providing a unique way to promote active learning in nursing education (Herrman, 2006). The objectives of the study, aim to help pre registration student nurses from each year of study to engage with their role as health care professionals; provide open discussion and debate on how they view the personal experience of illness/disease/disability/death and to reflect on their role and provision of patient care. It is delivered in 3 tiers to provide a range of data for thematic analysis; 1) Film screening followed by a ‘5 minute reaction’ discussion and post screening questionnaire; 2) Pre screening guided activities for reflection and discussion; 3) Focus groups. This project meets identified aims from the UK Professional Standards Framework (UKPSF) by fostering creative and innovative approaches to teaching and learning; facilitating and supporting the design and delivery of continuing education development programmes and activities; and demonstrates professionalism that staff and institutions bring to teaching. Preliminary feedback and themes will be presented.

The BBC's role in the changing production ecology of pre-school television in Britain

This paper examines the changing production ecology of British pre-school television in light of developments since the mid-1990s and the specific role played by the BBC. Underpinning the research is the perception that pre-school television is characterised by a complex set of industry relationships and dependencies that demands content which needs to satisfy a wide range of international circumstances and commercial prerogatives. For the BBC this has created tension between its public service goals and commercial priorities. Pre-school programming began in Britain in 1950, but it was not until the mid-1990s that Britain emerged as a leading producer of pre-school programming worldwide with government/industry reports regularly identifying the children’s production sector as an important contributor to exports. The rise of pre-school niche channels (CBeebies, Nick Junior, Playhouse Disney), audience fragmentation and the internationalisation and commercialisation of markets have radically altered the funding base of children’s television and the relationships that the BBC enjoys with key players. The international success of much of its pre-school programming is based on the relationships it enjoys with independent producers who generate significant revenues from programme-related consumer products. This paper focuses on the complex and changing relationships between the BBC, independent producers, and financiers, that constitute the production ecology of pre-school television and shape its output. Within the broader setting of cultural production and global trends the paper investigates the following questions: 1) In the light of changes to the sector since the mid-1990s, what makes pre-school television significant both generally and as an ideal public service project? 2) What is the nature of the current funding crisis in British children’s television and what implications does this crisis have for the BBC’s involvement in pre-school television? 3) How is the Corporation reacting to and managing the wider commercial, cultural, regulatory and technological forces that are likely to affect its strategies for the commissioning, production and acquisition of pre-school content?

Project, modelling and simulation of air stripping columns for the treatment of groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds are a common source of groundwater contamination that can be easily removed by air stripping in columns with random packing and using a counter-current flow between the phases. This work proposes a new methodology for the column design for any particular type of packing and contaminant avoiding the necessity of a pre-defined diameter used in the classical approach. It also renders unnecessary the employment of the graphical Eckert generalized correlation for pressure drop estimates. The hydraulic features are previously chosen as a project criterion and only afterwards the mass transfer phenomena are incorporated, in opposition to conventional approach. The design procedure was translated into a convenient algorithm using C++ as programming language. A column was built in order to test the models used either in the design or in the simulation of the column performance. The experiments were fulfilled using a solution of chloroform in distilled water. Another model was built to simulate the operational performance of the column, both in steady state and in transient conditions. It consists in a system of two partial non linear differential equations (distributed parameters). Nevertheless, when flows are steady, the system became linear, although there is not an evident solution in analytical terms. In steady state the resulting system of ODE can be solved, allowing for the calculation of the concentration profile in both phases inside the column. In transient state the system of PDE was numerically solved by finite differences, after a previous linearization.

Innovative manufacturing process for hybrid pultruded products based on cork and polymeric pre-shapes

Pultruded products are being targeted by a growing demand due to its excellent mechanical properties and low chemical reactivity, ensuring a low level of maintenance operations and allowing an easier assembly operation process than equivalent steel bars. In order to improve the mechanical drawing process and solve some acoustic and thermal insulation problems, pultruded pipes of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRF) can be filled with special products that increase their performance regarding the issues previously referred. The great challenge of this work was drawing a new equipment able to produce pultruded pipes filled with cork or polymeric pre-shaped bars as a continuous process. The project was carried out successfully and the new equipment was built and integrated in the pultrusion equipment already existing, allowing to obtain news products with higher added-value in the market, covering some needs previously identified in the field of civil construction.

Viva@Matemática project: a different way to see math

Viva@Mat is a project developed by four Math teachers from the School of Industrial Studies and Management (ESEIG) that was born with the fundamental objective of engaging ESEIG students with different math backgrounds in Math challenging activities. Some of these activities were transformed into real palpable materials and others into small interactive ones, being the great majority of them proposed by ESEIG’ students themselves. This small project rapidly grew into something we didn’t expect – it did flow over the walls of our institution to the general involving community – specifically to pre-university schools through the Viva@Math Exhibits – Orange, Blue and Green (the fourth, the Purple one is still in development). Nowadays, Viva@Math Exhibits – the public face of the Project – are itinerant and have been travelling between several, and different institutions (pre-university schools, preparatory schools, libraries, among others), around ESEIG and IPP area of influence and having registered visitors/participants of all ages. In this article we will describe the Viva@Math Project, its different activities that are categorized in some “great groups” like Numerical Trivia, Logic Activities and Mental Calculation, Puzzles, Geometric Curiosities, Magic Tricks, among others, designed to challenge students to use the underlying logical-mathematical reasoning to any ordinary and everyday activity. We will give specific and concrete examples of some of the activities developed and, also, reproduce of the general stimulating feedback the Project receives from the enrolled “actors” (teachers, students and their relatives, institutions, among others). We feel that this Project has become a small “bridge” between the pre-university schools and Higher Education Institutions (HEI), in trying to shorten the “gap” between the institutions of different levels of education and bring them to work together.

Project Business: a quasi-experimental study of co- operative interaction between schools and industry

This project is a quasi-experimental study involving eight classrooms in two senior elementary schools in St. Catharines, Ontario which received a Project Business Program and were pre- and post-tested to determine the growth of knowledge acquisition in the area of business concepts. Four classrooms received a Project Business treatment while four classrooms acted as a control. The Project Business Program is sponsored by Junior Achievement of Canada; it occurred during a twelveweek period, February to May 1981, and is run by business consultants who, through Action, Dialogue and Career Exploration, teach children about economics and business related topics. The consultants were matched with teacher co-ordinators in whose classrooms they taught and with whom they discussed field trips, students, lesson planning, etc. The statistical analysis of pre- and post-test means revealed a significant statistical growth in the area of knowledge acquisition on the part of those students who received the Project Business Program. This confirms that Project Business makes a difference. A search of the literature appears to advocate economic programs like Project Business, whfch are broadly based, relevant and processoriented. This program recommends itself as a model for other areas of co-operative curricular interactions and as a bridge to future trends and as a result several fruitful areas of research are suggested.

A Handbook for Ontario J/I Pre-Service Teachers Developing Inclusive Pedagogy: Understanding Pre-Service Teachers' Thoughts and Feelings About Diversity

This project presents a handbook for Ontario Junior/Intermediate (J/I) pre-service teachers, Ontario J/I teacher education instructors, and J/I associate teachers that facilitates the identification, analysis, and reorganization of J/I pre-service teachers’ thoughts and feelings about diversity characteristics to develop inclusive teaching pedagogy. The handbook outlines collaborative and independent learning activities designed for integration into compulsory J/I Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) program courses, practicum placements, and independent reflective situations. The handbook is composed of 5 sections: (a) Rationale for Importance; (b) Cross-Curricular Activities for J/I B.Ed. Courses; (c) Course-Specific Activities; (d) Practicum Placement Activities; and (e) Resources for Inclusive Educators. A critical content analysis of a 2011-2012 J/I B.Ed. program in Ontario enabled the creation of the handbook to address specific teacher education programming focused on helping pre-service teachers understand their thoughts and feelings about diversity for the development of inclusive teaching pedagogy. This research contributes to the advancement of theory and practice regarding development of teacher education programming that promotes J/I pre-service teachers’ inclusive pedagogy.

Religious Diversity and Teacher Education: Experiences and Perspectives of Muslim Women as Teacher Candidates in Pre-service Programs

This qualitative research project explores the insights of Muslim women as teacher candidates completing pre-service programs in Ontario. Ontario schools cater to students from many ethnic, cultural and religious groups, including a sizable Muslim population. Muslims make up 4.6% of Ontario’s population with the highest concentration of Muslims in the GTA (Statistics Canada, 2011). The Muslim population in Ontario is of a significant enough number that, in a post 9/11 world, it has prompted discussion of how to integrate Muslim populations in Canada. In this research, I explore how Islamophobic sentiment is experienced in Ontario-based teacher education programs. I use Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Critical Race Feminism (CRF) to analyse and deconstruct experiences of female Muslim teacher candidates in pre-service programs. I discuss how Muslims are a racialized group that experience racism as discussed by critical race literature; however, there is a marked difference between how Muslim men and women experience gendered Islamophobia. By using in-depth research-based interviews, I explore how Muslim women perceived diversity, education, accommodations and Islamophobia in pre-service programs. This study adds to the current literature on critical race theory and anti-racist practices in education. Furthermore, this study adds to the voice of Muslim women in the discussion of diversity and inclusivity in educational institutions.

Alternative strategies for deciphering the genetic architecture of childhood Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia

La leucémie lymphoblastique aigüe (LLA) est une maladie génétique complexe. Malgré que cette maladie hématologique soit le cancer pédiatrique le plus fréquent, ses causes demeurent inconnues. Des études antérieures ont démontrées que le risque à la LLA chez l’enfant pourrait être influencé par des gènes agissant dans le métabolisme des xénobiotiques, dans le maintient de l’intégrité génomique et dans la réponse au stress oxydatif, ainsi que par des facteurs environnementaux. Au cours de mes études doctorales, j’ai tenté de disséquer davantage les bases génétiques de la LLA de l’enfant en postulant que la susceptibilité à cette maladie serait modulée, au moins en partie, par des variants génétiques agissant dans deux voies biologiques fondamentales : le point de contrôle G1/S du cycle cellulaire et la réparation des cassures double-brin de l’ADN. En utilisant une approche unique reposant sur l’analyse d’une cohorte cas-contrôles jumelée à une cohorte de trios enfants-parents, j’ai effectué une étude d’association de type gènes/voies biologiques candidats. Ainsi, j’ai évaluer le rôle de variants provenant de la séquence promotrice de 12 gènes du cycle cellulaire et de 7 gènes de la voie de réparation de l’ADN, dans la susceptibilité à la LLA. De tels polymorphismes dans la région promotrice (pSNPs) pourraient perturber la liaison de facteurs de transcription et mener à des différences dans les niveaux d’expression des gènes pouvant influencer le risque à la maladie. En combinant différentes méthodes analytiques, j’ai évalué le rôle de différents mécanismes génétiques dans le développement de la LLA chez l’enfant. J’ai tout d’abord étudié les associations avec gènes/variants indépendants, et des essaies fonctionnels ont été effectués afin d’évaluer l’impact des pSNPs sur la liaison de facteurs de transcription et l’activité promotrice allèle-spécifique. Ces analyses ont mené à quatre publications. Il est peu probable que ces gènes de susceptibilité agissent seuls; j’ai donc utilisé une approche intégrative afin d’explorer la possibilité que plusieurs variants d’une même voie biologique ou de voies connexes puissent moduler le risque de la maladie; ces travaux ont été soumis pour publication. En outre, le développement précoce de la LLA, voir même in utero, suggère que les parents, et plus particulièrement la mère, pourraient jouer un rôle important dans le développement de cette maladie chez l’enfant. Dans une étude par simulations, j’ai évalué la performance des méthodes d’analyse existantes de détecter des effets fœto-maternels sous un design hybride trios/cas-contrôles. J’ai également investigué l’impact des effets génétiques agissant via la mère sur la susceptibilité à la LLA. Cette étude, récemment publiée, fût la première à démontrer que le risque de la leucémie chez l’enfant peut être modulé par le génotype de sa mère. En conclusions, mes études doctorales ont permis d’identifier des nouveaux gènes de susceptibilité pour la LLA pédiatrique et de mettre en évidence le rôle du cycle cellulaire et de la voie de la réparation de l’ADN dans la leucémogenèse. À terme, ces travaux permettront de mieux comprendre les bases génétiques de la LLA, et conduiront au développement d’outils cliniques qui amélioreront la détection, le diagnostique et le traitement de la leucémie chez l’enfant.

Perspective maternelle de la consultation anténatale pour travail préterme : une approche relationnelle

Une femme à risque d’un accouchement prématuré vit un enjeu de santé très éprouvant et stressant ; elle sera souvent hospitalisée pour recevoir des traitements médicaux visant à prolonger la grossesse et améliorer le pronostic du bébé. Dans ce contexte, une consultation avec un néonatalogiste est demandée. Plusieurs associations professionnelles médicales ont émis des lignes directrices sur cette consultation, insistant sur le besoin d’informer les parents au sujet des complications potentielles de la prématurité pour leur enfant. Ces recommandations s’inspirent du point de vue médical, et très peu d’études ont examiné la perspective, les attentes et les besoins des parents à risque d’un accouchement prématuré. Ce projet de thèse a pour objectif de proposer un modèle de relation médecin-patient informé de la perspective maternelle de la consultation anténatale, pour développer une approche clinique répondant à leurs besoins. Afin d’examiner cette problématique de façon complète, un travail constant de va-et-vient a été effectué entre la recension de données empiriques et une réflexion normative bioéthique féministe. Un projet de recherche empirique a d’abord permis d’explorer les attentes et le vécu de ces femmes. Les participantes espéraient recevoir plus que de l’information sur les complications de la prématurité. Elles souhaitaient que le néonatologiste soit attentif à leur situation particulière et qu’il développe une relation de confiance avec elles, leur permettant d’explorer leurs futurs rôles de mères et les encourageant à formuler leurs propres questions. Le cadre théorique féministe d’autonomie relationnelle a ensuite permis de proposer une approche de soin qui sache répondre aux besoins identifiés par les patientes, tout en adressant des enjeux de pouvoir intrinsèques à la clinique, qui influencent la santé et l’autonomie de ces femmes. Cette approche insiste sur l’importance de la relation de soin en clinique, contrastant avec un modèle encourageant une vision réductrice de l’autonomie, dans laquelle un simple transfert de données scientifiques serait équivalent au respect de la norme médicolégale du consentement éclairé. Ce modèle relationnel propose des actions concrètes et pratiques, encourageant les cliniciens à entrer en relation avec chaque patiente et à considérer l’influence qu’ils exercent sur l’autonomie relationnelle de leurs patientes.

Estudio de pre-factibilidad para ampliar la planta de lácteos de la Cooperativa Coagroles en Sesquilé, Cundinamarca

El estudio de pre-factibilidad para ampliar la planta de lácteos de la cooperativa Coagroles en el municipio de Sesquilé, ubicado en Cundinamarca, surgió con el fin de aportar a los miembros de la cooperativa desde una punto de vista académico, cómo pueden tener un mejor desempeño en las labores para que el funcionamiento de la Cooperativa sea exitoso. Al notar que los asociados de Coagroles han mostrado el interés por este proyecto, nosotros como estudiantes de Administración de Negocios Internacionales y Administración en Logística y Producción, hemos puesto nuestros conocimientos a una investigación, donde se han analizado tanto fortalezas como debilidades con el fin de encontrar alternativas y opciones para mejorar la situación actual como es la producción y enfriamiento de la leche. Teniendo como objetivo el incremento en los ingresos económicos de la cooperativa Coagroles. Este es un trabajo realizado en alianza con una entidad educativa, en este caso Universidad del Rosario y entidades del Gobierno, donde juntos son los encargados del desarrollo integrar de todo el país. Busca brindar a la ciudadanía oportunidades de mejora y progreso en las actividades económicas que realizan. Actualmente, se vive una situación de complejidad en los mercados, donde cada día son más exigentes, teniendo en cuenta que los pequeños productores deben ir fortaleciéndose para competir con otras entidades no solo a nivel nacional sino próximamente a nivel internacional.

Estudio de pre factibilidad para el montaje de un tanque de enfriamiento de leche en el municipio de Machetá, Cundinamarca

Este proyecto hace parte del Convenio suscrito entre El Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario y la Gobernación de Cundinamarca, para adelantar el proyecto de “Municipio Saludables como Polo de Desarrollo Local (MSPDL)”, cuyo objetivo general es mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes de tres (3) municipios escogidos por la Gobernación de Cundinamarca: Mesitas de El Colegio, ubicado en la Provincia del Tequendama, Sesquilé y Machetá, ubicados en la Provincia de Almeidas. En el desarrollo del proyecto la Facultad de Administración de la Universidad del Rosario encontró en el municipio de Machetà, la Asociación “Vuestra Honrosa Labranza, asociación, formada por miembros de tres (3) veredas en el municipio. En las visitas realizadas al municipio y en las charlas sostenidas con algunos de los socios, manifestaron interés por la implementación del proyecto en su asociación. En reuniones y conversaciones sostenidas con el Secretario de Desarrollo Social de la Gobernación de Cundinamarca, en los que se han presentado varios informes de avance del proyecto Municipio Saludable como Polo de Desarrollo Local (MSPDL), se comentó explícitamente la problemática planteada por la Asociación Vuestra Honrosa Labranza”, con el fin de conseguir una forma para apoyarlos, con el montaje de un tanque de enfriamiento de leche. Para el desarrollo del estudio de Pre factibilidad del montaje de un tanque para el enfriamiento de la leche, se desarrollaran los capítulos de mercado, técnico, administrativo, legal, ambiental y financiero, con el fin de evaluar si esta información es suficiente y decidir si la idea del proyecto es viable o no.

Análisis de Pre-Factibilidad de un Cultivo de Palma Aceitera en el Municipio de Albania - La Guajira.

El presente trabajo contiene un estudio de prefactibilidad para una plantación de palma aceitera en el municipio de Albania La Guajira, básicamente se analizo el sector palmero tanto en Colombia, como a nivel global, estudiando los niveles de producción de fruto y de aceite de palma, las hectáreas cultivadas, los principales importadores y exportadores, y se realizo un análisis de precios etc. Posterior a ello se realizo un análisis técnico del cultivo que incluía estudios de procesos de vivero, previvero, sistemas de riego, preparación de suelos, manejo del area operativa y administrativa etc. Por ultimo se perfilaron las proyecciones de ingresos y egresos del cultivo para con dicha información definir los estados financieros futuros del proyecto y la viabilidad financiera del mismo al descontar sus flujos monetarios. Con los resultados de dicho análisis se definió la viabilidad de dicho proyecto luego de estimar diversos escenarios posibles para el mismo. Se espera que este estudio sea un referente para proyectos similares.

On the development of horizontal CEN standards supporting the implementation of EU directives on sludge, soil and biowaste - Project HORIZONTAL

We give an overview on the development of "horizontal" European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) standards for characterising soils, sludges and biowaste in the context of environmental legislation in the European Union (EU). We discuss the various steps in the development of a horizontal standard (i.e. assessment of the possibility of such a standard, review of existing normative documents, pre-normative testing and validation) and related problems. We also provide a synopsis of European and international standards covered by the so-called Project HORIZONTAL. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.