Diversidade e distribuição sazonal de Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) em diferentes culturas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Hiperidrose na cidade de Botucatu: prevalência, orientação, tratamento e qualidade de vida

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dinâmica populacional de moscas-das-frutas (diptera: tephritidae) antes e após a liberação de diachasmimorpha longicaudata (hymenoptera: braconidae) em área de intersecção de pomar cítrico e mata secundária

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Social phobia in Brazilian university students: Prevalence, under-recognition and academic impairment in women

Background: Despite the fact that public speaking is a common academic activity and that social phobia has been associated with lower educational achievement and impaired academic performance, little research has examined the prevalence of social phobia in college students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of social phobia in a large sample of Brazilian college students and to examine the academic impact of this disorder. Methods: The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and the MINI-SPIN, used as the indicator of social phobia in the screening phase, were applied to 2319 randomly selected students from two Brazilian universities. For the second phase (diagnostic confirmation), four psychiatrists and one clinical psychologist administered the SCID-IV to subjects with MINI-SPIN scores of 6 or higher. Results: The prevalence of social phobia among the university students was 11.6%. Women with social phobia had significantly lower grades than those without the disorder. Fear of public speaking was the most common social fear. Only two of the 237 students with social phobia (0.8%) had previously received a diagnosis of social phobia and were under treatment. Limitations: Social phobia comorbidities were not evaluated in this study. The methods of assessment employed by the universities (written exams) may mask the presence of social phobia. This was not a population-based study, and thus the results are not generalizable to the entire population with social phobia. Conclusion: Preventive strategies are recommended to reduce the under-recognition and the adverse impact of social phobia on academic performance and overall quality of life of university students. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Genetic and environmental factors associated with cardiovascular diseases and acute myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathogenesis where lifestyle, individual genetic background and environmental risk factors are involved. Altered inflammatory responses seems to be implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. To understand which genes may predispose to increased risk of cardiovascular disease gene polymorphism of immune regulatory genes, and clinical events from the Offs of parents with an early AMI were investigated. Genetics data from Offs were compared with those obtained from healthy subjects and an independent cohort of patients with clinical sporadic AMI. Rates of clinical events during a 24 years follow up from Offs and from an independent Italian population survey were also evaluated. This study showed that a genetic signature consisting of the concomitant presence of the CC genotype of VEGF, the A allele of IL-10 and the A allele of IFN-γ was indeed present in the Offs population. During the 24-year follow-up, Offs with a positive familiarity in spite of a relatively young age showed an increased prevalence of diabetes, ischemic heart disease and stroke. In these patients with the genetic signature the EBV and HHV-6 herpes virus were also investigated and founded. These findings reinforce the notion that subjects with a familial history of AMI are at risk of an accelerated aging of cardiovascular system resulting in cardiovascular events. These data suggest that selected genes with immune regulatory functions and envoronmental factors are part of the complex genetic background contributing to familiarity for cardiovascular diseases.N

Alcohol consumption and binge drinking in young adult childhood cancer survivors

Background This study compared frequency of alcohol consumption and binge drinking between young adult childhood cancer survivors and the general population in Switzerland, and assessed its socio-demographic and clinical determinants. Procedure Childhood cancer survivors aged <16 years when diagnosed 1976–2003, who had survived >5 years and were currently aged 20–40 years received a postal questionnaire. Reported frequency of alcohol use and of binge drinking were compared to the Swiss Health Survey, a representative general population survey. Determinants of frequent alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed in a multivariable logistic regression. Results Of 1,697 eligible survivors, 1,447 could be contacted and 1,049 (73%) responded. Survivors reported more often than controls to consume alcohol frequently (OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.3–2.1) and to engage in binge drinking (OR = 2.9; 95%CI = 2.3–3.8). Peak frequency of binge drinking in males occurred at age 24–26 years in survivors, compared to age 18–20 in the general population. Socio-demographic factors (male gender, high educational attainment, French and Italian speaking, and migration background from Northern European countries) were most strongly associated with alcohol consumption patterns among both survivors and controls. Conclusions The high frequency of alcohol consumption found in this study is a matter of concern. Our data suggest that survivors should be better informed on the health effects of alcohol consumption during routine follow-up, and that such counseling should be included in clinical guidelines. Future research should study motives of alcohol consumption among survivors to allow development of targeted health interventions for this vulnerable group.

Snoring in preschool children: prevalence, severity and risk factors

Epidemiological data on snoring from preschool children are scarce, although habitual snoring (snoring on almost all nights) has been associated with poor long-term outcomes. In a population survey of 6,811 children aged 1-4 yrs (from Leicestershire, UK) the present authors determined prevalence, severity and risk factors for snoring, especially habitual snoring. In 59.7% of the children, parents reported snoring in the previous 12 months, including 7.9% with habitual snoring and 0.9% with habitual snoring and sleep disturbance. Prevalence of habitual snoring increased with age from 6.6% in 1-yr-olds to 13.0% in 4-yr-olds. Habitual snoring was associated with: one and both parents smoking (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.46 and 2.09, respectively); road traffic (OR 1.23); single parent (OR 1.60); and in White but not South Asian children, socioeconomic deprivation (OR 1.25 and 2.03 for middle and upper thirds of Townsend score, respectively). Respiratory tract symptoms related to atopic disorders and to respiratory infections were strongly associated with snoring; however, body mass index was not. In conclusion, habitual snoring is common in preschool children with one-third of cases attributable to avoidable risk factors. The strong association with atopic disorders, viral infections and environmental exposures suggests a complex aetiology, based on a general vulnerability of the respiratory tract.

The Improving Relative Status of Black Men

Using data from the Current Population Survey, we examine recent trends in the relative economic status of black men. Our findings point to gains in the relative wages of black men (compared to whites) during the 1990s, especially among younger workers. In 1989, the average black male worker (experienced or not) earned about 69 percent as much per week as the average white male worker. In 2001, the average younger black worker was earning about 86% percent as much as an equally experienced white male; black males at all experience levels earned 72 percent as much as the average white in 2001. Greater occupational diversity and a reduction in unobserved skill differences and/or labor market discrimination explain much of the trend. For both younger and older workers, general wage inequality tempered the rate of wage convergence between blacks and whites during the 1990s, although the effects were less pronounced than during the 1980s.

Last Hired, First Fired? Black-White Unemployment and the Business Cycle

Past studies have tested the claim that blacks are the last hired during periods of economic growth and the first fired in recessions by examining the movement of relative unemployment rates over the business cycle. Any conclusion drawn from this type of analysis must be viewed as tentative because the cyclical movements in the underlying transitions into and out of unemployment are not examined. Using Current Population Survey data matched across adjacent months from 1989 to 2004, this paper examines labor market transitions for prime age males to test this hypothesis. Considerable evidence is presented that blacks are the first fired as the business cycle weakens. However, no evidence is found that blacks are the last hired. Instead, blacks are initially hired from the ranks of the unemployed early in the business cycle and later are drawn from non-participation. Narrowing of the racial unemployment gap near the peak of the business cycle is driven by a reduction in the rate of job loss for blacks rather than increases in hiring. There is also evidence that residual differences in the racial unemployment gap vary systematically over the business cycle in a manner consistent with discrimination being more evident in the economy at times when its cost is lower.

Percepción de la calidad de vida ambiental en la localidad de General Daniel Cerri, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Propuesta de una metodología de investigación cualitativa en Geografía

El enfoque comportamental y perceptual que asume la ciencia geográfica puede resultar un aporte muy importante a la gestión ambiental del territorio. Dicho enfoque no pretende suplantar al enfoque cuantitativo, si postula su complementariedad. El presente trabajo plantea como objetivo general conocer la percepción que los habitantes de la localidad de General Daniel Cerri (Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina) poseen sobre su calidad de vida ambiental. La metodología empleada fue una encuesta de población representativa de la localidad en estudio, dividida en tres partes: una parte estructural -que permitirá conocer la forma en que la información que se posee sobre el lugar es percibida-; un apartado valorativo -que indicará cómo se valora el espacio en relación con las decisiones que se deberían adoptar-; y uno preferencial -orientado al análisis de las preferencias que se tienen respecto de algunos lugares

Percepción de la calidad de vida ambiental en la localidad de General Daniel Cerri, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Propuesta de una metodología de investigación cualitativa en Geografía

El enfoque comportamental y perceptual que asume la ciencia geográfica puede resultar un aporte muy importante a la gestión ambiental del territorio. Dicho enfoque no pretende suplantar al enfoque cuantitativo, si postula su complementariedad. El presente trabajo plantea como objetivo general conocer la percepción que los habitantes de la localidad de General Daniel Cerri (Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina) poseen sobre su calidad de vida ambiental. La metodología empleada fue una encuesta de población representativa de la localidad en estudio, dividida en tres partes: una parte estructural -que permitirá conocer la forma en que la información que se posee sobre el lugar es percibida-; un apartado valorativo -que indicará cómo se valora el espacio en relación con las decisiones que se deberían adoptar-; y uno preferencial -orientado al análisis de las preferencias que se tienen respecto de algunos lugares

Percepción de la calidad de vida ambiental en la localidad de General Daniel Cerri, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Propuesta de una metodología de investigación cualitativa en Geografía

El enfoque comportamental y perceptual que asume la ciencia geográfica puede resultar un aporte muy importante a la gestión ambiental del territorio. Dicho enfoque no pretende suplantar al enfoque cuantitativo, si postula su complementariedad. El presente trabajo plantea como objetivo general conocer la percepción que los habitantes de la localidad de General Daniel Cerri (Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina) poseen sobre su calidad de vida ambiental. La metodología empleada fue una encuesta de población representativa de la localidad en estudio, dividida en tres partes: una parte estructural -que permitirá conocer la forma en que la información que se posee sobre el lugar es percibida-; un apartado valorativo -que indicará cómo se valora el espacio en relación con las decisiones que se deberían adoptar-; y uno preferencial -orientado al análisis de las preferencias que se tienen respecto de algunos lugares

La Encuesta Nacional de Salud como herramienta de medición de la doble carga y sobrecarga de trabajo en España: comparación con la Encuesta de Población Activa

Objetivo: Determinar si la ENS y la EPA de 2006 producen la misma información sobre labores del hogar y doble carga de trabajo en la población de 25 a 64 años, en ambos sexos. Métodos: Comparación entre las ENS y EPA sobre la forma de recoger información de la doble carga de trabajo. Fuente: Preguntas ENS: actividad económica (C.1.2:categorías 1,2,6), dedicación labores del hogar (A.11:categorías 1,2,3). EPA: actividad económica (H.1:categorías 1,5). Descripción por sexo en España y Comunidades Autónomas (CC.AA). Resultados: El 43,4% de las mujeres según la EPA tienen doble carga de trabajo, pero solo un 0,7% según la ENS. En los hombres el 31,5% (EPA) y el 0,02% (ENS). Alternativamente, cruzando a quienes afirman trabajar (C.1.2:categorías 1,2) con quienes realizan labores del hogar (A.11:categorías 1,2,3), la doble carga de ambas encuestas se aproxima (Hombres: ENS:31,7%; EPA:31,5%; Mujeres: ENS:46,3%; EPA:43,4%). Ambas encuestas ordenan de forma similar a las CC.AA según la doble carga de trabajo (ρmujeres:0,770 (p=0,001); ρhombres:0,647 (p=0,003)). Conclusión: La pregunta de actividad económica de la ENS subestima la frecuencia de la doble carga de trabajo. Esta es parecida en ambas encuestas, si se cruzan los datos de quienes afirman trabajar con quienes realizan labores del hogar de la ENS. En este caso, ambas encuestas ordenan de igual forma a las CC.AA. La exclusión del adverbio «principalmente» de la categoría sobre dedicación a las labores del hogar de la ENS 2011 normalizará la pregunta sobre actividad económica respecto a las utilizadas en encuestas de salud internacionales y de CC.AA.

Personality traits and the propensity to trust friends and strangers

Research on the foundations of social trust mainly concentrates on the evaluation of one's social environment. Empirical evidence focusing on the psychological origins of social trust is quite rare and the findings of these few studies remain inconclusive. Two innovations are proposed in order to systemize the knowledge about the foundations of social trust. First, we propose using a trust measure that is sensitive to different categories of trustees and refers to a realistic situation. Second, we argue for a broad conception of personality, rather than focusing only on selected attributes. Using data from a unique Swiss population survey, we show that the impact of personality traits on trust in strangers is stronger than on trust in friends. While conscientiousness and openness, in particular, are important traits for the development of both trust in friends and strangers, agreeableness is related to trust in strangers.

Money income and poverty status of families and persons in the United States.

Latest issue consulted: 1987.