843 resultados para Polyvinyl alcohol


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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microspheres with different degree of crystallinity were used as solid supports for Rhizomucor miehei lipase immobilization, and the enzyme-PVA complexes were used as biocatalysts for the transesterification of soybean oil to fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). The amounts of immobilized enzyme on the polymeric supports were similar for both the amorphous microspheres (PVA4) and the high crystalline microspheres (PVA25). However, the enzymatic activity of the immobilized enzymes was depended on the crystallinity degree of the PVA microspheres: enzymes immobilized on the PVA4 microspheres have shown low enzymatic activity (6.13 U mg-1), in comparison with enzymes immobilized on the high crystalline PVA25 microspheres (149.15 U mg-1). A synergistic effect was observed for the enzyme-PVA25 complex during the transesterification reaction of soybean oil to FAEE: transesterification reactions with free enzyme with the equivalent amount of enzyme that were immobilized onto the PVA25 microspheres (5.4 U) have yielded only 20% of FAEE, reactions with the pure highly crystalline microsphere PVA25 have not yielded FAEE, however reactions with the enzyme-PVA25 complexes have yielded 66.3% of FAEE. This synergistic effect of an immobilized enzyme on a polymeric support has not been observed before for transesterification reaction of triacylglycerides into FAEE. Based on ATR-FTIR, 23Na- and 13C-NMR-MAS spectroscopic data and the interaction of the polymeric network intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the lipases residual amino acids a possible explanation for this synergistic effect is provided. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Considerando a baixa concentração espermática necessária para promover a fecundação de oócitos na FIV, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade da dose de sêmen bovino criopreservada após o seu fracionamento em duas partes visando um maior aproveitamento da mesma em programa de PIV. O experimento foi realizado utilizando 110 doses de sêmen congeladas em palhetas de 0,25 mL proveniente de 10 touros, que foram divididas em etapas: Uma dose representou o grupo controle, 5 foram destinadas para o grupo de descongelação direta (DD) e 5 para o grupo de descongelação indireta (DI). As doses foram fracionadas em duas partes, formando para cada grupo dois subgrupos, unidade da esfera (UE) e unidade do álcool polivinílico (UAP). O primeiro subgrupo teve análise imediata; e o segundo foi analisado após 24h de armazenamento em N2. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e SNK (P < 0,05), apresentando motilidade e vigor: DI- imediata: 48,8% / 2,4; DI-24h: 54,2% / 2,5; DD-imediata: 67,8% / 3,0; DD-24h: 69,6% / 3,0; Controle: 70% / 3,0. Para lesão de acrossoma e integridade da membrana: DI- imediata: 24,3% / 40,5%; DI-24h: 36,2% / 44,3%; DD-imediata: 12,8% / 63,6%; DD-24h: 12,6% / 59,0%; controle: 11,9% / 57,5%. Média de concentração espermática: DI- imediata: 6,1×106 DI-24h: 7,2×106; DD- imediata: 8.2×106; DD-24h: 7.8×106 espermatozóide/fração de dose. Deste modo para o fracionamento da dose de sêmen bovino criopreservado o melhor método de descongelação foi o direto, uma vez que apresentou os melhores resultados em todos os parâmetros analisados.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Lithium ion conducting polymer electrolytes based on polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA-OH) complexed with salt Li2SO4 and different weight percent ratios of PEG(400) plasticizer have been prepared by solution cast technique using deionized water as solvent. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal stability of the materials depended on the plasticizer content. The FTIR study confirmed the polymer salt complex formation. The modulus spectra indicated the non-Debye nature of the material; a dominant relaxation process is visible being associated with the dynamic glass transition, relaxation-a. The maximum of each peak is shifted to higher frequencies as the plasticizer increases due to an enhancement of dipolar mobility in the origin of cooperative motions. A power law frequency dependence of the real part of the electrical conductivity is observed, which is characteristic of the effects of ion-ion and/or ion-chain correlations in ion motion. This variation is well fitted to a Jonscher's expression.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The levan is a biopolymer of great importance to the food industry since it is capable of defining and modifying the structure of one food, acting as stabilizer, thickener, gelling agent and being largely responsible for the texture of processed foods. The levan production by bacterial cell immobilization may potentialize the results of these studies, having advantages such as: high cell concentrations inside the reactor, increase the substrate absorption rate, improve the performance and reduce the risk of microbial contamination. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the levan production by immobilized Zymomonas mobilis in hybrid system of alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) when submitted to different sucrose concentrations (5, 10, 25 and 30%), pH (5.7 and 7.0) and incubation temperature of 30C for 12, 18 and 24 h. The results showed that the best levan production rate was 18.66 g/L at 30% sucrose concentration, with productivity 1.55 g/L/h at pH 7.0.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)